相关成分分析法在大米直链淀粉波长选择中的应用

为挑选信息含量大、与样品组成或性质相关性较强的光谱区域参与建模,以提高校正模型的精度,采用相关成分分析法对大米直链淀粉的近红外光谱进行分析。结果表明:采用相关成分分析法进行波长选择后,建模波长点数减少为波长选择前的22%,模型预测值与标准值的相关系数R由0.921 2提高到0.973 0,交叉验证标准差(SECV)由3.404 3减小为1.977 4,预测标准差(SEP)由4.810 0减小为1.900 0,模型的预测能力得到显著提高。     

蔺草若干生物学特性及高产栽培技术研究

蔺草是典型的水田作物,具有完整的通气组织,但幼根与根茎主要靠辐射状排列的皮层薄壁细胞间隙通气。蔺草分蘖发生符合F_n=F_(n-1)+F_(n-3)的规律。花器官分化开始于开花前2～3个月,可分为花序原基出现、花序原基分化、小花原基分化与雌雄蕊原基分化四个时期。蔺草在全国约有十万亩面积,各种植地区均有相应的栽培技术体系。几年来我们总结形成了一套符合本市若干地区的蔺草栽培技术,在协作基点运用过程中取得了明显的增产效果。     

Triblock copolymer syntheses of mesoporous silica with periodic 50 to 300 angstrom pores

Use of amphiphilic triblock copolymers to direct the organization of polymerizing silica species has resulted in the preparation of well-ordered hexagonal mesoporous silica structures (SBA-15) with uniform pore sizes up to approximately 300 angstroms. The SBA-15 materials are synthesized in acidic media to produce highly ordered, two-dimensional hexagonal (space group p6mm) silica-block copolymer mesophases. Calcination at 500 degrees C gives porous structures with unusually large interlattice d spacings of 74.5 to 320 angstroms between the (100) planes, pore sizes from 46 to 300 angstroms, pore volume fractions up to 0.85, and silica wall thicknesses of 31 to 64 angstroms. SBA-15 can be readily prepared over a wide range of uniform pore sizes and pore wall thicknesses at low temperature (35 degrees to 80 degrees C), using a variety of poly(alkylene oxide) triblock copolymers and by the addition of cosolvent organic molecules. The block copolymer species can be recovered for reuse by solvent extraction with ethanol or removed by heating at 140 degrees C for 3 hours, in both cases, yielding a product that is thermally stable in boiling water.     

SOME SOIL FACTORS AFFECTING TREE GROWTH

(1) It becomes increasingly evident that continued root growth with the establishment of new root-soil contacts is necessary for the normal entrance of both water and mineral nutrients into the root. This concept emphasizes the ecological importance of factors tending either to impede or favor the spread and permeation of roots in the soil. (2) The characteristics of soils with respect to (1) available water capacity, (2) permeability to water and (3) permeability to air are largely determined by the volume and size distribution of the soil pore space. The latter is conveniently characterized by measuring the water held by a soil at varying moisture tensions. (3) In recognition of the foregoing, it may be concluded that a better understanding of root-soil relationships should result from more general application of interpretative studies of soil pore space conditions to root development, and from the development and application of micro-methods for studying the conditions, both physical and chemical, existing at the actual root soil interface.     

秸秆覆盖对广西甘蔗地土壤水分与结构变化的影响

【目的】探讨秸秆覆盖对广西甘蔗地土壤孔隙结构、孔隙数量、连通性等性质的影响,分析土壤孔隙结构特点及水分运移通道特征,为广西地区甘蔗生产中的科学合理种植提供理论依据。【方法】设秸秆覆盖（SM）与无秸秆覆盖对照（CK）2种处理,利用CT扫描成像技术和ImageJ软件获取土壤孔隙结构数据并测定土壤有机质,结合原位监测获得的5、20、40 cm深度的土壤含水量数据,对比分析不同处理的孔隙结构特点及土壤水分运移通道特征。【结果】SM处理0~10 cm土层的有机质含量显著高于CK （P<0.05,下同）;相同深度下SM处理的土壤含水量均高于CK。0~40 cm土层中,SM处理的土壤孔隙面密度显著大于CK,而CK的土壤孔隙复杂度显著高于SM处理。SM处理的孔隙数量（19190个）、直径≥1 mm孔隙数量（952个）、孔隙度（0.07%）及比表面积（1.64 mm-1）均显著大于CK对应值（9415个,690个,0.06%,1.43 mm-1）。土壤孔隙三维结构显示,CK的总孔隙数量少且多分散在0~20 cm土层,空间分布呈明显的分层现象;而SM处理的总土壤孔隙数量多且均匀分布在整个空间,无明显孔隙分布分层现象,且其连通性孔隙发育较完善。【结论】秸秆覆盖处理可有效提高广西甘蔗地的土壤含水量,增加土壤孔隙数量,从而整体提高土壤孔隙连通性,对土壤孔隙结构改善有一定积极影响,有利于促进甘蔗根系的生长发育。     

Replamineform: a new process for preparing porous ceramic, metal, and polymer prosthetic materials

The replamineform process (meaning replicated life forms) is a technique for duplicating the microstructure of carbonate skeletal components in ceramic, metal, or polymer materials. The special pore structures of marine invertebrate skeletal materials such as echinoid spines and corals, which are difficult or impossible to create artificially, can thus be copied in useful materials. Of immediate interest is the possibility of using these replicated microstructures in the fabrication of orthopedic prosthetic devices. By means of this technique, prosthetic materials having a controlled pore microstructure for optimum strength and tissue ingrowth may be obtained.     

Photon tunneling microscopy of polymeric surfaces

With photon tunneling microscopy it is possible to image polymeric and other dielectric surfaces by means of the unusual properties of photon tunneling or evanescent waves. Vertical resolution is 1 nanometer, limited by the detector, over a vertical range of half a wavelength. Lateral resolution is better than a quarter of a wavelength over a field of view up to 125 micrometers. Samples can be surveyed in real time in air, with no need for metallization, and without shadowing or the intrusive effects of electrons or scanning probes. The use of this technique to study single crystals of polyethylene and processes such as latex film formation and the evolution of polystyrene topography while dewetting above the glass transition temperature are described.     

Fusion pore dynamics and insulin granule exocytosis in the pancreatic islet

Insulin secretion from intact mouse pancreatic islets was investigated with two-photon excitation imaging. Insulin granule exocytosis occurred mainly toward the interstitial space, away from blood vessels. The fusion pore was unusually stable with a lifetime of 1.8 seconds. Opening of the 1.4-nanometer-diameter pore was preceded by unrestricted lateral diffusion of lipids along the inner wall of the pore, supporting the idea that this structure is composed of membrane lipids. When the pore dilated to 12 nanometers, the granules rapidly flattened and discharged their contents. Thus, our methodology reveals fusion pore dynamics in intact tissues at nanometer resolution.     

Three-dimensionally ordered array of air bubbles in a polymer film

We report the formation of a three-dimensionally ordered array of air bubbles of monodisperse pore size in a polymer film through a templating mechanism based on thermocapillary convection. Dilute solutions of a simple, coil-like polymer in a volatile solvent are cast on a glass slide in the presence of moist air flowing across the surface. Evaporative cooling and the generation of an ordered array of breath figures leads to the formation of multilayers of hexagonally packed water droplets that are preserved in the final, solid polymer film as spherical air bubbles. The dimensions of these bubbles can be controlled simply by changing the velocity of the airflow across the surface. When these three-dimensionally ordered macroporous materials have pore dimensions comparable to the wavelength of visible light, they are of interest as photonic band gaps and optical stop-bands.     

反相流动注射催化光度法测定痕量锰的研究

本文基于在氨三乙酸活化下，锰（Ⅱ）对高碘酸钾氧化罗丹明Ｂ褪色的催化作用，建立了痕量锰的反相流动注射分析（ｒＦＩＡ）新方法。该法选择罗丹明Ｂ溶液的最大吸收波长５５５ｎｍ作为测定波长，方法的线性范围为０～１８０μｇ／Ｌ，检出限为５．５μｇ／Ｌ锰（Ⅱ），对２０μｇ／Ｌ锰平行测定１１次的相对标准偏差为１．５％，进样频率为３６次／ｈ。方法应用于水样、黄豆和标准铝合金样中痕量锰的测定，结果较理想     

Imaging of intermittency in ripple-wave turbulence

The dynamics of a fluid surface filled with high-amplitude ripples were studied with a technique (diffusing light photography) that resolves the height at all locations instantaneously. Even when nonlinearities are strong enough to generate a (Kolmogorov) cascade from long wavelength (where energy is input) to shorter wavelength, the resulting turbulent state contains large coherent spatial structures. The appearance of these structures in a thermal equilibrium state (with the same average energy) would be highly improbable.     

不同耕作制度对荒漠绿洲土壤物理性质和温度的影响

在南疆进行的两年连续4茬免耕种植作物后,耕层免耕土壤的容重比传统耕翻土壤增加0.03-0.05g.cm-3,耕层土壤的饱和含水量、田间持水量、水分容积分别减少0.81-1.82%、1.52-2.37%、1.02-2.42%,总孔隙度下降0.87-1.60%,而通气孔隙度增加0.58-1.55%;不同耕作方式的土壤温度效应总变化趋势是:耕作覆膜>传统耕作>免耕留茬>免耕覆盖秸秆,免耕降低土壤温度。但在一天内四种不同耕作方式耕层土壤温度上升与下降的变化趋势相同,土壤最高温度出现的时间也相同,免耕可使土壤温度的昼夜温差变化幅度减小。     

Energy spectra of a number of celestial x-ray sources in the energy range from 2 to 60 kiloelectron volts

The emission of 20 to 60 kev x-rays by an astronomical object in the constellation of Cygnus has been observed with a balloon-borne x-ray telescope flown from Hyderabad, India. The balloon data, used in conjunction with data pertaining to the flux in the wavelength range from 2 to 10 A can be fitted by a power law in photon energy varying as (h(v))-(1.7). The Cygnus object is the brightest object in the sky in the hard x-ray wavelength range and has the hardest spectrum of all observed objects that emit x-rays. The astronomical object should be capable of accelerating protons up to energies of the order of 10(18) electron volts. Upper limits to the hard x-ray fluxes from Sco XR-1, Cyg XR-2, Oph XR-1, and Ser XR-1 are established; it is shown that the Sco XR-1 spectrum is very soft.     

不同波长光照对开产初期母鸡间脑c-fos基因表达的影响

为深入了解不同波长光照对母鸡生产性能的影响机理,用c-Fos法探讨了母鸡间脑对不同波长光照的反应,同时检测GnRH免疫反应神经元的动态变化。将150日龄母鸡右眼遮光7 d后接受20 lx的不同波长光照刺激1.5 h,暗适应1.5 h后灌流固定,取脑制作石蜡切片,采用免疫组化方法检测Fos蛋白和GnRH样免疫反应阳性神经元在间脑的分布。结果显示,不同波长光照均影响c-fos基因表达和GnRH的释放,绿光组和蓝光组的表达均高于红光组。     

依合2A井志留系柯下段致密含油砂岩储层特征

致密砂岩油藏是塔里木盆地石油增储上产的重要资源基础之一。台盆区志留系柯下段是近几年新发现的一套海相碎屑岩含油气储盖组合,储层为典型致密砂岩。依合2A井是新钻探的一口重要的区域探井,该井在志留系柯下段获良好油气显示,通过该井系统取心、取样分析,使深入研究这套致密储层特征成为可能。通过对岩心样品进行岩石薄片、物性、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、高压压汞和黏土矿物等系统测试分析,详细研究了柯下段致密含油砂岩储层特征及其主控因素。研究表明,柯下段致密砂岩储层主要为细粒、细—中粒岩屑砂岩,岩屑含量高,成分成熟度低,结构成熟度中等;为特低—超低孔、特低—超低渗储层;孔隙类型主要为晶间孔、粒内孔等微孔隙,次为粒间孔;孔喉结构为细孔 —微孔微细喉型,根据毛细管压力曲线的特点可分为4类。造成储层致密的主要控制因素是强烈的压实作用和胶结作用以及较弱的溶解作用,使得孔隙不发育,同时黏土矿物含量较高,孔隙空间和结构进一步变差,储层渗透性进一步降低,并具较强敏感性。     

免疫辣根过氧化物酶染色法诊断猪弓形虫病的研究

根据病猪临床表现以及病猪组织切片的常规苏木素-伊红(HE)染色和免疫辣根过氧化物酶染色对病猪作出初步诊断;采集病猪的各脏器组织,研磨后接种ICR鼠,分离鉴定病原,探讨免疫辣根过氧化物酶染色法快速诊断猪弓形虫病的可行性。结果表明:常规HE染色法和免疫辣根过氧化物酶染色法都能发现弓形虫的假包囊或速殖子。但是,HE染色切片仅能在个别视野中发现弓形虫,而免疫辣根过氧化物酶染色法可在许多器官切片的多个视野中观察到更多的被染成棕黄色的弓形虫速殖子和假包囊,证明免疫辣根过氧化物酶染色法是诊断猪弓形虫病的有效方法。     

水稻土肥力水平数值分级方法的探讨

利用黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、广东、江苏等5个省的20个水稻土土样的理化性状及土壤酶活性等22项测定结果,进行主分量分析。结果表明,有效铁、有效锰、脲酶、物理性砂粒、物理性粘粒、通气孔隙及非毛管大孔隙等7项肥力因素在评价水稻土肥力水平时贡献较大。利用这7项肥力因素指标,运用模糊聚类分析方法,对水稻土肥力水平进行分级,接近生产实际,值得探讨和完善。