化学物质在棉花栽培上的应用

以应用化学物质为主的农艺措施,如施用化肥和农药,推广使用植物生长调节剂、除草剂以及其他化学物质,达到调节棉花营养生长和生殖生长相互协调、塑造良好的株型、提高单产和效益的目的。     

福建省生物柴油原料树种及其可持续开发探讨

生物柴油是一种清洁可再生能源,对于保护生态环境、促进国民经济可持续发展具有重要意义。本文分析了国内外生物柴油原料树种研究开发现状,对福建已有和可以引种的生物柴油原料树种资源情况进行分析,指出通过生物柴油原料树种资源调查评估、加强管理、完善投融资机制、经营机制发展福建生物柴油原料树种,为生物柴油产业发展提供可持续的原料供应,实现生物柴油产业规模化发展。     

Prudent practices for disposal of chemicals from laboratories

A recent report of the National Research Council contains guidelines and recommendations for handling and disposing of unneeded chemicals from laboratories. Suggestions are also made for simplifying various procedures imposed by the regulatory agencies with authority over the disposal of laboratory chemicals.     

外源化学物质调节烟碱生物合成的机理Ⅰ.外源化学物质对烟碱生物合成中间产物的影响

研究了不同外源化学物质对烤烟烟碱及其生物合成中间产物的影响,结果表明,不同化学物质通过影响中间产物调控烟碱合成的作用存在明显差异,其途径主要包括:(1)通过调节烟酸和多胺代谢,影响烟碱生成量,最终改变叶片的烟碱积累量;(2)通过调控多胺的代谢影响叶片的烟碱含量.     

Metabolic interactions among environmental chemicals and drugs

It is evident that metabolic interactions can occur among drugs, insecticides, food additives, carcinogenic hydrocarbons, and a variety of environmental chemicals. A common denominator governing these effects is the versatile nature of the liver microsomal enzymes that metabolize chemicals with diverse structures and biological activities, and the fact that these enzymes can be stimulated or inhibited by other chemicals administered simultaneously. The discovery of these particular enzymes in the 1950's laid the groundwork for the current research on metabolic interactions. Such research provides information that is helpful in the evaluation of the safety and efficacy of drugs and environmental chemicals, and suggests new directions for further research. Some examples are as follows.     

新型小麦种衣剂应用效果研究

检测了3个新型小麦种衣剂在云南不同生态气候条件下的7个试验点田间应用效果。结果表明:供试种衣剂具有促进分蘖和增加叶面积及穗数等综合功效,并能显著提高小麦出苗率、基本苗和产量,分析认为其具有防治小麦种传、土传和苗期病虫鼠害的良好效果。就整体而言,供试种衣剂适合在云南省推广应用,最好剂型为1#,最佳药种比为1:60,但不同生态气候条件对种衣剂剂型和药种比的要求不尽相同。     

环保型防霉剂处理竹材的防霉效果

采用5种竹木防霉剂对水竹Phyllostachys heteroclada,毛竹Phyllostachys pubescens,茶秆竹Pseudosasa amabilis进行了防霉试验研究.结果表明:随着时间的增加,防霉剂对竹材的防霉效果逐渐减弱.防霉剂的质量分数增大,处理材的载药量随着增大,其对应试样的防霉效果随着增强.不同防霉剂,对竹材表现出不同的防霉效果,竹材处理试样的防霉效果从强到弱分别是茶秆竹、毛竹和水竹.在第8～12周时,SMR,UD和PCP-Na防霉效果好于其他2种.但从防霉剂在6个月的防治效力来看,环保型防霉剂SMR处理竹材在6个月后的防霉效果与PCP-Na防霉剂的防治效力相当.     

几种药剂防治白菜根肿病效果试验初报

应用七种药剂防治白菜根肿病的田间药效试验结果表明，Flint50％水分散粒剂5000倍、1000倍、霉多克66．8％可湿性粉剂1200倍3种药液在白菜的育苗营养袋上浇淋单剂药液，白菜苗移栽后4天、14天各用单剂药液灌根一次，对白菜根肿病的防效分别达到94．67％、92．89％和81．58％，优于其他药剂处理，对试验作物无药害。     

药剂诱导苎麻孤雌生殖纯系培育

以湘苎１～５号和镇宁苎麻等１３个品种为材料，以不同种类、浓度和配方的药剂诱导产生５５份孤雌生殖结实种子（ＧＳ１），将部分ＧＳ１植株隔离自交种子育苗，实得２８个自交系，根据叶形、叶缘锯齿、叶柄色和雌花色等１０个形态性状的一致性，从中选择４个纯系，还从ＧＳ１和ＧＳ２群体中获得若干雄性不育材料，为苎麻遗传育种研究提供了物质基础。     

9种药剂对玉米小斑病菌的室内抑菌试验

为了筛选有效控制玉米小斑病的药剂,在实验室内用生长速率法和孢子萌发法观测杀菌剂扑海因、百菌清、速克灵、烯唑醇、新万生、多菌灵、腈菌净、春雷霉素、甲基托布津对玉米小斑病菌的抑菌作用。结果表明,扑海因、百菌清、速克灵对玉米小斑病菌的菌落生长有强的抑制作用,新万生、腈菌净对玉米小斑病菌的孢子萌发有强的抑制作用。     

Permeation of dry seeds with chemicals: use of dichloromethane

Dichloromethane can be used to introduce chemicals into dry seeds in the absence of water. The solvent has no effect on germination or respiration. The chemicals become effective when the seeds are placed in water under normal conditions for germination. The potential of the new method is discussed.