三种增菌液对仪器沙门氏菌检验结果比较试验

本试验以三种增菌液，对３００份鲜猪肉和１２０份鲜鸡肉检样进行沙门氏菌增菌培养，比较三种增菌液的增菌检出效果。结果表明：ＭＭ液对鲜猪肉和鲜鸡肉检样中沙门氏菌检出率最高，分别为２２．７％、５３．３％，平均检出率３１．４％，敏感指数８８．０％；ＳＭ液次之，检出率２０．３％、４７．５％，平均检出率２８．１％，敏感指数７８．７％；ＳＢＧ液最低，检出率分别为１９．３％、４０％，平均检出率２５．２％，敏感指数７     

山西12市五种肉品沙门氏菌检验情况

对山西１２城市农贸市场五种肉品沙门氏菌污染及血清型分布情况进行检验，猪肉污染率２６．４％，白条鸡２１．７％，白条狗１６．０％，菜蛇３．５％，黄鳝９．３％。共检出３个亚种、１２个血清型、４３９株沙门氏菌。检出国内未报道血清型７株；国际尚未报告血清型３株。     

鸡大肝脾病的流行病学调查

应用琼脂扩散试验调查了我国部分地区鸡场及进口禽类ＢＬＳ的流行情况，检测３个省市２５个鸡场，有１４个出现ＢＬＳ抗体阳性，其中１６个种鸡场的９７２份血样，ＢＬＳ抗体检出率为１２．１％；９个商品代肉鸡场的６７４份血样，抗体阳性率为１．８％，三个发病鸡场通过临床观察、病理剖检及ＢＬＳ抗体、抗原检测，证实 国已存在ＢＬＳ病。检测美国、法国７批种鸡１７８份血样，检出率为７．９％；检测津巴布韦７８只驼鸟，未检出     

海狸鼠卵母细胞体外成熟培养初探

实验用ＰＭＳＧ或ＰＭＳＧ＋ＨＣＧ处理或未经激素处理的海狸鼠８只，共获卵巢卵母细胞１３８枚。激素处理对获取卵巢卵母细胞的数量没有影响，而对体外成熟发育至卵丘扩展和半成熟阶段有促进作用。三种不同培养液（Ｗｈｉｔｅｎ＋ＦＣＳ；ＴＣＭ１９９＋ＰＭＳＧ＋ＦＣＳ；ＴＣＭ１９９＋ＨＣＧ＋ＦＣＳ）共培养１２５枚卵母细胞，培养后卵丘扩展率及半成熟率分别为５６．５％，４５．７％，４７．６％和２１．７％，１２．３％，９．５％，以Ｗｈｉｔｅｎ液较高（分别为５６．５％和２１．７％），但只有ＴＣＭ１９９＋ＰＭＳＧ＋ＦＣＳ组有２枚卵母细胞出现第一极体。结果表明海狸鼠卵母细胞与其它啮齿动物的卵母细胞一样，能够在体外培养成熟，完成第一次减数分裂，排出第一极体     

鸡和鸡蛋中抗菌素残留的检测

采用微生物测定法，用三种对抗菌素敏感的特定试验菌分别检测鸡和鸡蛋中青霉素、链霉素及四环素类抗菌素的残留。其结果为：鸡肉和鸡蛋中四环素类残留分别高达４．６６ｍｇ／ｋｇ和７．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ。检出率分别为３３．３％和６０％，鸡蛋中链霉素最高残留量达０．７ｍｇ／ｋｇ，检出率为２０％。     

二种方法检测猪传染性胃肠炎病毒抗体的比较

分别用血清中和试验和单克隆抗体阻断酶联免疫吸附试验对８１头美国进口猪轿清作猪传染性胃肠炎抗体检测。ＳＮ试验同７份阳性血清，检出率为８．６４％，Ｂ－ＥＬＩＳＡ试验检出７份ＰＲＣＶ抗体阳性血清，检出率为８．６４％，无ＴＧＥ阳性。ＳＮ试验检出７份ＴＧＥ抗体阳性血清与Ｂ－ＥＬＩＳＡ试验检出的７份ＰＲＣＶ抗体阳性血清完全重合。结果证明，应用单克隆抗体进行的Ｂ－ＥＬＩＳＡ可鉴别诊断ＴＧＥ与ＰＲＣＶ感染，优于Ｓ     

用双抗体夹心ELISA法检测鸡病毒性关节炎病毒的研究

应用鸡病毒性关节炎病毒Ｕ．ＣｏｎｎＳ１１３３株，建立了检测鸡病毒性关节炎病毒抗原的双抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ法。用该法检测三组接毒鸡的关节液，接毒后３天即可检出阳性，阳性率为５８．３％；发病严重的４～１１天阳性检出率达９５７％，１４天阳性率为５０％；１７天阳性率为３１．３％；２０天以后则全部为阴性。用该法对大肠杆菌（Ｅ．ＣｏＬｉ）、葡萄球菌（Ｓｔａｐｈｙｌｏｃｏｃｃｕｓ）、败血支原体（ＭＧ）、滑膜支原体（ＭＳ）、新城疫病毒（ＮＤＶ）、传染性支气管炎病毒（ＩＢＶ）、传染性脑脊髓炎病毒（ＡＥＶ）进行检测，结果均为阴性。试验表明，我们建立的双抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ法，能早期、特异、敏感地检出鸡病毒性关节炎病毒抗原，从而解决了对该病早期诊断及类症鉴别带来的困难。     

二种方法检测猪传染性胃肠炎病毒抗体的比较

分别用血清中和（ＳＮ）试验和单克隆抗体（ＴＧＥｍＡｂ和ＴＧＥ／ＰＲＣＶｍＡｂ）阻断酶联免疫吸附试验（Ｂ－ＥＬＩＳＡ）对８１头美国进口猪血清作猪传染性胃肠炎（ＴＧＥ）抗体检测。ＳＮ试验检出７份阳性血清，检出率为８．６４％；Ｂ－ＥＬＩＳＡ试验检出７份ＰＲＣＶ抗体阳性血清，检出率为８．６４％，无ＴＧＥ阳性。ＳＮ试验检出７份ＴＧＥ抗体阳性血清与Ｂ－ＥＬＩＳＡ试验检出的７份ＰＲＣＶ抗体阳性血清完全重合。结果证明，应用单克隆抗体进行的Ｂ－ＥＬＩＳＡ可鉴别诊断ＴＧＥ与ＰＲＣＶ感染，优于ＳＮ试验     

用双抗体夹心ELISA法检测鸡病毒性关节炎病毒的研究

应用鸡病毒性关节炎病毒Ｕ．Ｃｏｍ Ｓｕｎ株，建立了检测鸡病毒性关节炎病毒抗原的双抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ法。用该法检测三组接毒鸡的关节液，接毒后３天即可检出阳性，阳性率为５８．３％；发病严重的４￣１１天阳性检出率达９５．７％；１４天阳性率为５０％；１７天阳性率为３１．３％；２０天以后则全部为阴性。用该法对大肠杆菌、葡萄球菌、败血支原体、滑膜支原体、新城疫病毒、传染性支气管炎病毒、传染性脑脊髓炎病毒进行检     

间接法Dot－ELISA检测鸡败血支原体（MG）抗原的研究

本文首次建立了检测鸡败血支原体（ＭＧ）抗原的间接法Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ。ＭＧ抗原的最低检出量为７．８１×１０￣４ＣＦＵ／ｍｌＭＧ人工及自然感染样本的抗原检测结果与ＭＧ分离的符合率分别为８４．６％和９２．９％。间接法Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ检测抗原经济、快速、操作简便，有较好的敏感性、特异性和重复性，能检出ＭＧ人工及自然感染病鸡的带菌情况，适合于大规模抗原样本的检测，可以用作疫病早期诊断的依据和进行流行病学调查。     

市售鲜猪肉葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌污染及其PCR快速检测

为了解市售鲜猪肉葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌污染情况,本试验从贵州省9个地区农贸市场采集鲜猪肉样本106份,3个地区屠宰场运输车辆采集棉拭子样本36份,采用传统生化法鉴定2种优势菌落;PCR法快速检测葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌。结果显示,鲜猪肉和棉拭子样本葡萄球菌的分离率为23．5％（38／162）和31．9％（23／72）,大肠杆菌的分离率为15．4％（25／162）和13．9％（10／72）;2种细菌可扩增出目的条带。结果表明,市售鲜猪肉及运输车辆葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌污染严重,本试验成功运用PCR法对这2种病原菌进行快速检测。     

Pathogenicity of Mycoplasma meleagridis for chicken cells

Mycoplasma meleagridis (MM) is a known pathogen for turkeys only. In this study, MM was used to inoculate chicken embryos and tumor cells to assess its pathogenic potential for chickens. In chicken embryos, it caused abnormal-shaped toes and severely denuded tracheae. In chicken tumor cells, MM reduced the cellular capacity to release a chemoattractant that causes the migration of heterophils. MM also caused death and/or a reduced growth rate in chicken HD-11 cells, a macrophage-monocyte-derived cell line. Thus, the data show that MM is a potential pathogen for chicken embryos and chickens cells. Further exploration to determine the pathogenicity in chickens may be warranted.     

浸种处理对闽引羽叶决明种子萌发的影响

研究了温水、98%硫酸浸种对闽引羽叶决明种子萌发的影响,结果表明,未浸种闽引羽叶决明种子硬实率达87.7%,初始温度100℃温水浸种5～30 min,种子硬实率降至9.7%～13.0%,种子发芽率、发芽势分别上升至87.0%～90.3%和85.0%～88.0%,发芽指数达48.2～56.5,明显优于其他温水浸种处理。98%硫酸浸种10 min,种子硬实率低于2.0%,种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数最高,分别为98.3%,97.3%和87.0%。     

Isolation of Mycoplasma meleagridis from chickens

Mycoplasma meleagridis (MM) is a major cause of disease and economic loss in turkeys. Formerly it was thought that this species was very host specific and only restricted to turkey. In this study, we report on the recovery of MM from breeding flocks of chickens located near a turkey breeding unit. Ten MM field strains were isolated (by culture on Frey broth medium) from tracheal swabs of chickens displaying clinical signs of mycoplasmosis-essentially respiratory symptoms and poor performance. Assignment of the isolated field strains to MM was confirmed by a growth inhibition assay using MM-specific polyclonal antiserum and by PCR amplification targeting the 16S rRNA sequence as well as the Mm14 sequence, a MM-species-specific DNA fragment previously identified and characterized in our laboratory. The nucleotide sequence of Mm14 proved to be highly conserved among the 10 MM field strains, indicating a common source of infection. However, on the basis of slight differences in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis whole-cell proteins and western blot profiles, two groups of the isolated MM field strains could be distinguished. Evidence of MM infection of chickens was further provided by serology, since 13.77% (35/254) of sera proved positive to MM by either rapid serum agglutination or recombinant antigen-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, sera of all chickens from which MM was isolated were positive for antibodies to MM. Collectively, the data unambiguously show that MM could infect chickens; thus, MM warrants further exploration to determine its pathogenicity in this unusual host.     

Motility and fertility of boar semen after liquid preservation at 5°C for more than 2 weeks

This study investigated the effects of skim milk on the quality and fertility of boar spermatozoa under long‐term chilled preservation. Semen samples were stored in Modena solution supplemented with 0 (control) to 50 mg/mL skim milk at 5°C for 4 weeks; spermatozoa stored with 7.5 and 15 mg/mL of skim milk (7.5‐SM and 15‐SM groups, respectively) exhibited significantly higher motility indices than those of the control group up to 3 weeks (P < 0.05), and the 7.5‐SM group showed improved motility indices even after 4 weeks (P < 0.05). In vitro fertilization using spermatozoa in the 7.5‐SM and 15‐SM groups stored at 5°C for 2 weeks showed significantly higher fertilization rates of spermatozoa and the development rates to blastocyst than the control group (P < 0.05), and the 7.5‐SM group showed similar rates of fertilization and blastocyst formation in the fresh non‐stored spermatozoa group. After artificial insemination using spermatozoa stored for 2 weeks in the 7.5‐SM group, healthy piglets were obtained. Boar spermatozoa can be stored at 5°C in a Modena solution containing skim milk. Supplementation of 7.5 mg/mL skim milk improves boar spermatozoa motility and fertility even after liquid preservation at 5°C for 2 weeks.     

Rearing of Culicoides nubeculosus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) by natural or artificial feeding in the laboratory

A technique for the mass rearing of Culicoides nubeculosus in the laboratory is described. Female midges were fed either on fresh or deep-frozen, defibrinated cattle blood (-70 degrees C) through latex membranes, or on anesthetized white mice. Feeding rates of up to 90% were obtained on the latex membrane, whereas only 41% of the midges fed on mice. The best oviposition rates of greater than 50% were achieved after feeding either on the latex membrane with fresh cattle blood or on mice. An average of greater than 100 eggs per female were deposited. The highest larval hatching rate was observed after feeding with fresh blood; about half of the larvae developed to the adult stage. A reproduction index was defined for the colony based on the feeding rate, oviposition rate, larval hatching rate and development to the adult stage. The highest reproduction index was obtained when the midges were fed on fresh cattle blood through the membrane.     

2014-2019年青藏高原牦牛轮状病毒血清学检测与分析

为明确青藏高原4个省区牦牛轮状病毒(RV)的流行情况,本研究采用双抗原一步夹心ELISA法,对2014-2019年采集自西藏、青海、甘肃、四川的630份牦牛血清样品进行了RV抗体检测.结果显示:630份青藏高原牦牛RV血清抗体总阳性率为18.57％(117/630),西藏地区牦牛RV抗体阳性率与其他地区相比较高;201...     

Influence of Dietary Sesame Meal Level on Histological Alterations of the Intestinal Mucosa and Growth Performance of Chickens

A feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary sesame meal (SM) on growth performance and histological intestinal alterations of layer chickens. Thirty-two White Leghorn male chickens were divided into 4 groups of 8 birds. They were fed 0, 10, 20, or 30% dietary SM for 28 d. After the feeding experiment, average villus height, epithelial cell area, and crypt cell mitosis numbers were morphometrically compared with an image analyzer, and the results were analyzed with Duncan's multiple range test. The morphological changes of epithelial cells on the villus apical surface were observed morphologically using scanning electron microscope. The growth performance data revealed no significant differences in birds fed up to 20% dietary SM, significantly lower values were revealed in the 30% dietary SM group. At 10% dietary SM, growth performance tended to be improved. Most values of the intestinal villus height, epithelial cell area, and crypt cell mitosis numbers were not different among groups for each intestinal segment. Flat epithelial cells were on the intestinal villus apical surface in the group fed 0% dietary SM. Those cells developed into protuberated cells in the group fed 10% dietary SM, and these protuberated cells disappeared gradually with increasing dietary SM levels. Considerations for current growth performance and histological intestinal alterations suggest that the SM would have no detrimental effect on the growth performance with up to 20% dietary SM nor on the intestinal villi with up to 30% dietary SM, but hypertrophy was observed in the epithelial cells of bird fed up to 20% dietary SM. In conclusion, up to 20% SM could be incorporated into diets fed under commercial conditions to male birds of laying strains in the developer period.     

Poultry abattoir survey of carcass condemnation for standard, vegetarian, and free range chickens.

During the period April 1991 to March 1992, data concerning the condemnation rate of standard, vegetarian, and free-range chickens were collected and summarized from one federally inspected abattoir in Ontario. The purpose of this study was to discuss the effects of diet, management, and breed of chickens on pathological lesions, ensuing condemnation rates, and consequent losses to the growers and the poultry industry. The data collected at this abattoir revealed that vegetarian chickens showed a higher condemnation rate (5.23%) for disease and nondisease conditions compared with standard (1.48%) and free-range (0.94%) chickens. Free-range chickens were approximately two weeks older than vegetarian and standard chickens at the time of slaughter. The most common causes of condemnation in vegetarian chickens was cellulitis (1.18%), followed by ascites (0.77%). Ascites and cellulitis (0.26% both) were also the most common causes of condemnation in standard chickens. Cyanosis (0.21%) and mutilation (0.17%) represented the highest rate of condemnation in free-range chickens. The low rate of pathological lesions in free-range chickens is a positive trend in poultry disease management.     

霉变饲料中添加复方霉菌毒素吸附剂对肉鸡人工感染发生的影响

本试验旨在研究霉变饲料和／或添加复方霉菌毒素吸附剂对肉鸡人工感染发生的影响。选取140羽1日龄健康的AA肉鸡随机分成7个组．每组4个重复。第1组为空白对照组,饲喂基础日粮;第2组饲喂霉变饲料;第3～7组以混合感染病鸡病变组织匀浆饮水制作人工感染疾病模型;第3～7组分别饲喂基础日粮、霉变饲料、霉变饲料＋复方霉菌毒素吸附剂、霉变饲料＋复方霉菌毒素吸附剂＋抗氧化剂、霉变饲料＋复方霉菌毒素吸附剂＋抗氧化剂＋中药增免剂。试验期35d。结果发现,肉鸡摄入霉变饲料与摄入正常饲料相比,提高肉鸡料重比和死淘率,显著降低肉鸡增重、胸腺指数、法氏囊指数,显著降低血清IBDV、H9N1v和NDV抗体水平（P〈0．05）。给人工感染肉鸡饲喂霉变饲料与饲喂正常饲料相比．显著提高料重比和死淘率,显著降低肉鸡增重、胸腺指数和脾脏指数,显著降低血清IFN-1、IL-2、IL-4和IL-12含量以及LTR,显著降低血清IBDV、H9N1V和NDV抗体水平（P〈0．05）。霉变饲料中添加复方霉菌毒素吸附剂能显著提高混合感染肉鸡增重,并降低料重比和死淘率（P〈0．05）,显著提高胸腺指数、法氏囊指数（P〈0．05）,显著提高血清IBDV、H9N1V和NDV抗体水平（P〈0．05）。可见,霉变饲料可导致肉鸡免疫功能抑制,加重肉鸡混合感染病情;复方霉菌毒素吸附剂能有效缓解霉变饲料对人工感染肉鸡生产性能、免疫功能和病情的不利影响,抗氧化剂和免疫功能增强剂可减轻霉变饲料的毒性作用。