Participatory approaches for sustainable agriculture: A contradiction in terms?

This paper examines the adoption and application of a participatory approach to the transfer of scientific research to farmers with the objective of supporting government policies for sustainable agriculture. Detailed interviews with scientists and farmers in two case studies in New Zealand are used to identify the potential and constraints of such an approach. One case study involves Māori growers wishing to develop organic vegetable production; the other involves commercial wheat farmers who want to improve their profitability and face major problems of groundwater nutrification. The paper concludes that while both case studies are characterized as successful by those involved, there is an inherent creative tension between the adoption of a participatory approach and its use to advance public policy goals. Murray Bruges is a geographer and Research Associate in the School of Geography, Geology, and Environmental Science at the University of Auckland. Willie Smith is a geographer and Director of the School of Geography, Geology, and Environmental Science at the University of Auckland and has a background in public policy.     

Multi-university research teams: shifting impact, geography, and stratification in science

This paper demonstrates that teamwork in science increasingly spans university boundaries, a dramatic shift in knowledge production that generalizes across virtually all fields of science, engineering, and social science. Moreover, elite universities play a dominant role in this shift. By examining 4.2 million papers published over three decades, we found that multi-university collaborations (i) are the fastest growing type of authorship structure, (ii) produce the highest-impact papers when they include a top-tier university, and (iii) are increasingly stratified by in-group university rank. Despite the rising frequency of research that crosses university boundaries, the intensification of social stratification in multi-university collaborations suggests a concentration of the production of scientific knowledge in fewer rather than more centers of high-impact science.     

基于“在线平台”的安徽医科大学OA论文的调查与分析

本文依托“中国科技论文在线平台”,从总发文量、各年发文量、首发论文的学科与星级分布、期刊分布、平均下载次数及排名等方面统计、整理、分析了安徽医科大学OA论文的现状。结果表明,安徽医科大学科研人员对开放存取的参与度不理想,OA论文量少,质量不高。科研人员OA认知程度低;高昂的文章处理费;OA论文未作为科研人员晋升的依据;“在线平台”宣传力度不够等因素都对OA的发展产生了不同程度的影响。     

我国林下经济各主题研究的发展态势——基于大数据的文献计量分析

应用CitespaceⅢ和TDA分析工具,对CNKI数据库中以林下经济主题检索出的9 467篇期刊文献进行了数据挖掘和聚类分析,选择科技期刊文献形成的各知识群组进行了分类分析。结果表明,目前有关林下经济研究的主题主要集中在森林旅游、林下种植、林下经济发展现状与对策、林下养殖、林下经济模式研究、林业产业、林地资源和林下经济效益。其中,在森林旅游、林下种植、林下经济发展现状与对策3个方面的发文量占论文文献总量的43.4%,为林下经济学科的热点。该研究可为进一步了解林下经济研究状况提供参考。     

Selling appropriate development vs. selling-out rural communities: Empowerment and control in indigengous knowledge discourse

This paper looks at the languages of empowerment and control as they are expressed by authors writing about indigenous knowledge. We performed a content analysis on CIKARD News, a newsletter dealing with the concept of indigenous knowledge. This concept has become increasingly prominent in the discourse of alternative development, addressing issues of ecological sustainability and the empowerment of the rural poor. However, mediated by institutions that perpetuate global and local power asymmetries, the empowering potential of indigenous knowledge may be bypassed. Instead, officials, researchers, and practitioners may utilize this knowledge for their own perceived ends, however good their intentions. In addition, there is already evidence that an indigenous knowledge approach is seen by major agencies as beneficial for integrating poorer populations into the global economy. Our analysis suggests that tensions persist among and within the writings of these authors between the desire to empower and the tendency for development to control rural populations.William E. O'Brien is currently a doctoral student in Environmental Design and Planning at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in Blacksburg, Virginia. His masters and bachelors degrees are both in Geography; the masters also from Virginia Tech, the bachelors degree from Radford University. His research interests center around the use of indigenous knowledge in pastoral development and agroforestry, particularly in East Africa.     

Science and product

Much of what needs to be changed in U.S. industry involves close ties to manufacturing, design for manufacturability, a rapid design cycle, and up-to-date technical knowledge on the part of the engineers themselves. Being up-to-date requires conscious company effort. Traveling to meetings, reading the technical literature, and being a part of the engineering community are necessities if we are to compete with others who make these efforts and are thus better able to incorporate technical change rapidly into their own products. Outside the product improvement cycle, a research (as opposed to development) organization in industry must have close ties to development and manufacturing in order to succeed. With these close ties, researchers can understand the progress of the cycle and can introduce new steps at the appropriate time and in an acceptable form. A research organization that surmounts the internal barriers and becomes an accepted contributor to the development and manufacturing process can, because of its greater technical depth, its scientific knowledge, and its close ties with the university world, become a forceful initiator of progress. It is more difficult, in our opinion, to make these contributions from a university base and from government laboratories as they are now constituted. Much has been said by industry and government leaders about reforming the educational system and strengthening the national science base-things that help build a strong foundation. A strong science base supplies a vast storehouse of new ideas, and a good educational system provides engineers and manufacturing workers with knowledge; but strength here cannot make up for inadequacies in the functioning of the development and manufacturing cycle. The United States must learn to succeed, not only in the ladder type of innovation in which a wholly new idea from science creates a wholly new product (the science-dominated process at which we have succeeded in the past), but also in the rapid, cyclical, engineer-dominated process of incremental product improvement. Neither process is a substitute for the other; we need both.     

基于SCI的西北农林科技大学科技合作分析

应用文献计量学研究方法,利用SCI数据库的文献信息,对2005—2009年收录的西北农林科技大学论文的合著机构、国家/地区、学科分布进行统计分析。结果表明,西北农林科技大学发表SCI论文数量逐年增长,而且增长率不断提高,说明学校科研实力和对外科技合作日益增强。     

《中国农学通报》载文作者机构统计分析

检索获得了《中国农学通报》1985创刊至2011年刊载的全部文献,建立了《中国农学通报载文数据库》,借助数据库技术,对载文作者情况进行了全面的统计分析。分析结果表明：在16735篇载文中有223篇没有作者署名、365篇为集体作者;16147篇署名文章来源于2605个机构的12221个第一作者。其中高校8934篇,占53.39%,科研机构5418篇,占32.38%。8016篇论文（占47.90%）获得过264种科研基金的资助。     

数字人文“二手证据”循证范式研究：以敦煌汉简为例

[目的/意义]随着数字人文研究范式的兴起,为研究者基于二手资源开展循证研究提供了契机。[方法/过程]本文首先梳理了数字人文“二手证据”循证范式相关的理论基础,并以敦煌汉简为例对数字人文“二手证据”循证范式进行了实证分析。通过来自CNKI的287篇敦煌汉简相关研究文献的编码分析,检验了信度和效度,并对类目体系展开了综合分析。[结果/结论]本文提出了循证数字人文基于“二手证据”展开循证研究的包括文献检索、类目编制、“二手证据”要素的综合分析3个阶段,以及证据检索、信度检验环节、效度检验环节和类目构建、证据要素综合5个环节构成的“三阶段五环节”范式。本研究所构建的范式,对循证数字人文学科、学术和话语体系建设具有一定的理论参照和实践指引价值。     

国际视角下上海海洋大学科研能力分析

通过检索汤森路透公司Web of Science中的SICE数据库,查得上海海洋大学作者参与发表的SCI论文共有1 015篇(截至2013年2月2日)。围绕这些论文,从发表年份、合作国别、合作机构、基金资助情况、研究方向、论文被引情况等方面进行分析与研究,比较全面地分析了上海海洋大学参与发表SCI论文的状况,进而也在一定程度上反映出了该校的科研水平和能力,认为该校近些年的科研水平和实力有较快地提升与发展,但与国内及国际先进水平还有一定的差距,该校还需要长足发展与进步。     

贵州省高校图书馆专业人员1982～2007年发表论文的计量分析

对1982～2007年贵州省高校图书馆专业人员发表的期刊论文,从年代分布、刊物类型、学科分布、合作情况、核心作者、核心期刊发文情况、被引论文、被引作者和学术团体的综合评价进行了统计分析,揭示了贵州省高校图书馆学术研究的现状。     

国内五所海洋类高校科技竞争力比较分析——以SCIE和CPCI—S为数据源

二十一世纪是面向海洋的世纪,我国是个海洋资源非常丰富的国家。我国校名有海洋两字的大学只有五所。本文以SCI和ESI为工具,从论文总数、合著者和基金赞助情况、优势学科领域和学校进入ESI学科分析等多种角度,对五所海洋类大学的科研情况和优势学科,从文献计量学的角度进行分析研究,以期给各自学校的科研发展提供一些参考。     

四川农业大学2000—2009年SCIE收录学术论文统计分析

将SCI作为一种工具来评价机构的科研水平已经逐步被大家接受。本文以四川农业大学为研究对象,采用文献计量法,就该校2000—2009年的SCIE的论文收录情况进行实证研究,从多个方面对收集的信息进行统计,得出如下结论:优势学科科研水平突出,各学科间发展不平衡;被收录的文献影响因子相对较低;近3年文献收录量呈大幅度上升态势;形成了一定的核心作者群;被收录的文献被频次普遍偏低,近一半文章从未被引用过。针对以上问题,提出相应建议,如科研政策向弱势学科倾斜,鼓励发表高影响力的论文等。     

基于可视化分析的中国知识转移研究热点与展望

[目的/意义]知识经济时代,知识已成为重要社会资源,而有效的知识转移将促进知识的交流与共享,对提高组织知识应用与创新能力起到不可替代的作用.知识转移领域的研究已有丰富的成果,但对国内各视角知识转移的研究综述有待完善.[方法/过程]选用CiteSpace软件,采取文献计量方法,对CNKI数据库中核心期刊、CSSCI、CS...     

《四川农业大学学报》2003～2007年载文学术质量分析

应用文献计量学的方法,按照期刊评价体系中的学术水平指标对2003~2007年5年间《四川农业大学学报》载文的地区分布、学科分布、合著情况、论文基金资助情况、出版时滞、影响因子、立即指数、引文情况等进行统计分析,结果表明:四川农业大学学报的出版时滞大大降低,公共基础学科研究增长快速,基金论文的比例逐年增高,论文地区越来越广,合著率呈上升趋势。在此基础上,进一步提出提高《四川农业大学学报》学术质量的一些建议,以推动本刊的不断发展。     

VOSviewer应用现状及其知识基础研究

[目的/意义]通过对VOSviewer论文的定量分析及其知识基础结构的分析,为用户使用该工具进行科学研究提供参考。[方法/过程]从Web of Science收集相关文献,在对文献计量分析的基础上,利用文献共被引网络获取部分文献,分析了该领域研究的重要文献。[结果/结论]研究发现,该领域论文数量经过较为缓慢增长的阶段后已经进入了一个应用的爆发期;从学科和期刊看,它已经被很多国家和很多学科的学者大量使用;从研究主题看,涉及新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情、可持续性、社交媒体、可持续发展以及供应链等;文献计量理论与方法、软件原理、数据库和网络分析等领域的成果形成了该领域较为坚实的研究基础。     

河北农业大学高水平科技论文统计与分析

采用统计分析的方法,对河北农业大学2003--2007年被美国三大英文检索系统收录（SCI、EI、ISTP）和河北农业大学认定的一级学报上发表的学术论文,按总量,学院分布,论文作者年龄、职称、学位分布情况逐一进行了统计分析。分析结果从一个侧面反映了河北农业大学科学研究现状,并对其有关问题进行了探讨。     

微生物工程课程讨论式教学探讨

为了提高微生物工程课程的教学效果,利用近年已发表论文,尝试对2008级学生开设10个课时的基于研究论文的讨论课程。通过考试测评及调查问卷评价分析,与采取传统讲授式教学方法授课的对照班级进行对比发现,讨论式教学模式适合学生的实际情况,促进了学生对知识的理解与运用,激发了学生对科学研究的兴趣,有益于培养适合时代发展的生物技术专业人才。     

高等院校新校区建设筹资研究

从高等院校新校区建设的重要性入手,分析了当前基本建设资金的现状。高等院校新校区建设资金需要多渠道筹资。通过对筹资的渠道以及筹资的方式的研究,并结合河北师大的特例,探讨了更有效的项目筹资方式。     

基于文献计量的塑料地膜研究发展态势分析

为深入了解塑料地膜研究的发展现状,本研究以 2000—2019年 Web of Science 数据库收录的1 895篇论文为数据来源,采用文献计量学方法,结合运用Excel、VOSviewer等软件对该领域发文量、主要发文国家和机构、研究主题、研究前沿等进行了统计分析。结果表明:该领域发文量呈上升趋势,2013年后发文量迅速增长;从国家研究实力上来看,中国、美国、意大利为发文量较高的国家;以西北农林科技大学、中国科学院、中国农业大学为主的中国研究机构在该领域发文量最高;该领域的研究方向主要包括:塑料地膜在农业上的应用(包括覆膜对农产品产量、土壤水分、温度的影响等),地膜的高分子材料分析、生物可降解地膜的研发与应用,地膜的生物降解,塑料残膜对土壤环境、生态环境的影响等方面;从研究趋势上看,鉴于农业残膜在土壤中的大量残留,未来研究热点可能会趋于塑料残膜对生态环境、土壤质量的影响,尤其是塑料残膜中增塑剂及降解后的微塑料对土壤食物链安全、生态系统和人体健康的风险值得进一步探究。研发新型生物地膜替代传统塑料地膜,并及时评估其农业应用效果、尽早大范围推广至关重要。