不同采后处理对草莓品质和腐烂的影响

宝交早生草莓在0℃下自然降氧贮藏10 d,好果率84%,商品率达98%。用10%CO_2处理可将草莓在0℃的贮藏时间延长到20 d,好果率和商品率均为94%,CO_2浓度超过20%会使草莓产生酒精味。SO_2慢性释放剂处理也有较好的防腐效果。     

高校图书馆“低碳排放”

在低碳时代,在建设资源节约型、环境友好型高校活动中,高校图书馆完全可以从制度层面、管理层面和办公层面为全社会＂低碳排放＂运动作出自己应尽的责任和贡献。     

不同光照度的最适CO2量

在园艺生产甲，CO2和光照是两个重要的气候调控因素。植物需要它们去制造自身生长所需的糖类物质。然而，可利用的CO2和光照却相当有限。本文阐述CO2和光照的关系，并阐述了在不同的光照环境条件下增加CO2浓度的费用和收益。     

二氧化碳气体检测研究进展

介绍了滴定法、气相色谱法、红外光谱法和电化学传感器检测CO2的最新研究进展,并就其工作原理和应用领域进行了阐述。     

乌拉苔草湿地土壤CO2和CO的变化特征

对乌拉苔草湿地生长季节内土壤CO2和CO的变化特征进行了模拟研究。结果表明:生长季节的乌拉苔草湿地土壤释放CO2,并消耗CO。化学反应CO H2O→CO2 H2对于CO2和CO的动态变化起主要作用,CO2和CO之间存在显著的负相关。温度对CO2和CO体积分数的影响存在一定差异,但差异不显著。     

二氧化碳的低温储存和运输

分析了国内使用常温高压气瓶储运ＣＯ２存在的不足，根据国外ＣＯ２低温储运技术，介绍了天然ＣＯ２的低温液化过程和ＣＯ２低温储运的工艺流程，通过分析计算认为，选用Ｓ８－１２．５Ａ单机双级氨制冷压缩机作为主机可满足提供ＣＯ２低温液化所需热量，用ＪＮ－１５１黄河牌汽车底盘、ＣＯ２储罐、仪表箱、增压器及输液软管等改装的低温ＣＯ２罐车，可用于ＣＯ２长途运输。指出采用低温储运ＣＯ２可提高ＣＯ２的充装速度和储运效率     

节能日光温室内二氧化碳廓线分布

对日光温室内二氧化碳浓度进行了水平和垂直方向变化研究,结果显示:水平方向上,日出后二氧化碳浓度迅速降低,12点左右降到最低,随后逐渐升高,呈现为U字型;垂直方向上,接近地面的二氧化碳浓度高,随着高度增加浓度降低,在株高一半时浓度降到最低,之后逐渐回升,呈现勾状。     

设施栽培CO2施肥技术

设施栽培增施CO2技术是实现蔬菜高产优质的重要技术措施之一，国外对CO2施肥技术研究较早，应用较普遍，增产效果十分明显。我国自上个世纪70年代后开始对CO2施肥进行研究，并小面积应用，取得了较好的效果。近年来，随着设施栽培面积急剧扩大，国外大型连栋温室与现代化栽培配套技术的引进和消化吸收，设施内CO2施肥作为一项高产、优质、抗病的技术措施，越来越受到园艺工作者和广大菜农的关注。     

Design of Nonionic Surfactants for Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Interfacially active block copolymer amphiphiles have been synthesized and their self-assembly into micelles in supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) has been demonstrated with small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). These materials establish the design criteria for molecularly engineered surfactants that can stabilize and disperse otherwise insoluble matter into a CO2 continuous phase. Polystyrene-b-poly(1,1-dihydroperfluorooctyl acrylate) copolymers self-assembled into polydisperse core-shell-type micelles as a result of the disparate solubility characteristics of the different block segments in CO2. These nonionic surfactants for CO2 were shown by SANS to be capable of emulsifying up to 20 percent by weight of a CO2-insoluble hydrocarbon into CO2. This result demonstrates the efficacy of surfactant-modified CO2 in reducing the large volumes of organic and halogenated solvent waste streams released into our environment by solvent-intensive manufacturing and process industries.     

Plant Responses to Carbon Dioxide Released from Piggery

In the present study,lean-to greenhouses were built by sharing a wall of piggeries.The vents in the wall allowed the air exchange between the piggeries and the greenhouses,so that carbon dioxide (CO2) could be released from the piggeries to the greenhouses,and oxygen (O2) could be released from the greenhouses to the piggeries.In the greenhouses,tomato,Chinese cabbage and muskmelon were planted and their quality indices were determined to evaluate their response to elevated CO2.The results showed that the CO2 concentration in greenhouse was increased,and under such conditions the yield and quality of all tomato,Chinese cabbage and muskmelon were improved.     

涂膜压电晶体二氧化碳传感器的研究

试验了５１种吸附涂层材料，发现Ｎ，Ｎ，Ｎ＇，Ｎ＇－四（２－羟乙基）乙二胺（ＴＨＥＥＤ）涂膜的镀银压电晶体传感器对ＣＯ２具有灵敏响应。当涂膜量为９１μｇ时，传感器的检测范围宽，检测限低至１００×１０＾－６（Ｖ／Ｖ），且具有可逆性、重现性良好和响应快等优点，变压器油中的其它溶解气体如一氧化碳、氢气、甲烷、乙烷、乙烯、乙炔等干扰小。此外，将该传感器用于模拟变压器油混合气中的ＣＯ２含量的测定，精度尚好。     

Detecting Climate Change due to Increasing Carbon Dioxide

The observed interannual variability of temperature at 60 degrees N has been investigated. The results indicate that the surface warming due to increased carbon dioxide which is predicted by three-dimensional climate models should be detectable now. It is not, possibly because the predicted warming is being delayed more than a decade by ocean thermal inertia, or because there is a compensating cooling due to other factors. Further consideration of the uncertainties in model predictions and of the likely delays introduced by ocean thermal inertia extends the range of time for the detection of warming, if it occurs, to the year 2000. The effects of increasing carbon dioxide should be looked for in several variables simultaneously in order to minimize the ambiguities that could result from unrecognized compensating cooling.     

养猪舍不同发酵床垫料碳素流向及二氧化碳与甲烷排放初探

为了探明发酵床养猪过程碳素流向及二氧化碳与甲烷排放特征,分别选取3种不同原料的发酵床:稻壳+锯木屑(FD)、稻壳+菌糠(FJ)、稻壳+酒糟(FW)作为研究对象,通过垫料采集和静态箱法收集气体,对一个养殖周期内的碳素变化和二氧化碳、甲烷排放量进行测定。结果表明,一个养殖周期结束后,3种发酵床二氧化碳与甲烷的排放总量占碳素总损失的比例分别为41.21%(FJ)、54.12%(FD)、48.27%(FW),是碳素转化的主要形式。3种垫料的二氧化碳排放特点呈现一定的相似性,均在养殖前期与后期各出现1个排放高峰期,后期排放量大于前期;其二氧化碳排放总量具有显著性差异,FD在整个养殖周期内二氧化碳排放量最大,其次是FJ。FJ与FW的甲烷排放特点与二氧化碳相似,均在养殖前期与后期出现两个排放高峰期且排放量大小相近,而FD的甲烷排放集中在前期,后期仅有微弱回升;3种发酵床的甲烷排放总量同样具有显著性差异,一个饲养周期内FW的甲烷排放总量最大,其次是FJ。通过相关性分析发现,3种发酵床二氧化碳与甲烷的排放呈负相关关系,初步表明发酵床存在甲烷氧化成二氧化碳的生物途径。     

Chalcocite Oxidation and Coupled Carbon Dioxide Fixation by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans

The reaction of cell suspensions of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans with pulverized chalcocite (Cu(2)S) in a Warburg manometric apparatus resulted in oxygen uptake accompanied by increased solubilization of copper and fixation of carbon dioxide. Since the only detectable oxidized products were cupric ions and the more oxidized form of the sulfide mineral, that is, digenite or covellite, the apparent source of energy for the carbon dioxide fixation was provided by the oxidation of the cuprous copper of the chalcocite.     

干燥和重新湿润过程引起土壤CO_2激发释放的模拟研究

应用短期培养实验研究了干燥和重新湿润引起的土壤CO2激发释放及其动力学过程.结果表明,不经干燥和重新湿润处理土壤CO2释放速率基本不随时间变化,其CO2释放过程可以用零级反应动力学方程(y=k0t)描述;干燥和重新湿润处理过程能够引起明显的土壤CO2激发释放,这是干燥和重新湿润引起的土壤呼吸激发效应(一级反应)和土壤基本呼吸(零级反应)相互叠加的结果,可以用两库叠加模型y=at+Ao(1-e-kt)很好描述.本实验条件下扰动、干燥和重新湿润引起的(蝼)土CO2净激发释放量为23.05～59.90 mg CO2-C·kg-1,主要与不同培肥措施长期实施造成的土壤性质和肥力差异,特别是有机质数量和质量的差异有密切关系.     

笼养肉鸡不同季节CH4和CO2排放研究

为研究规模化肉鸡场温室气体排放系数,给我国畜牧业温室气体清单编制和选择减排技术提供依据,选择山东某商业化肉鸡养殖场,对肉鸡生产过程中CO2和CH4的排放情况进行了研究。利用多功能气体分析仪对肉鸡舍CH4和CO2的浓度进行测定,肉鸡舍通风量测定则采用风机风量现场测定系统,根据不同季节连续5d测试结果计算提出肉鸡的CH4和CO2排放因子。结果表明:肉鸡在36～42d龄间的CH4和CO2的排放因子分别为(0.276±0.19)g·d-1·bird-1(58.9±37.2g·d-1·AU-1),154.4±45.7g·d-1·bird-1(33.5±8.0kg·d-1·AU-1),不同季节CH4排放因子存在显著差异,夏季最高为0.552g·d-1·bird-1,冬季最低为0.111g·d-1·bird-1,春季和秋季分别为0.187g·d-1·bird-1和0.254g·d-1·bird-1;CO2排放因子夏秋季节差异不显著,分别为186.8g·d-1·bird-1和179.8g·d-1·bird-1,但显著高于春季(163.4g·d-1·bird-1)和冬季(87.4g·d-1·bird-1);分析表明,鸡舍通风量...