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1.
Rui A. Gonçalves Tu Do Cam Nguyen Nhu Tri Gonçalo A. Santos Pedro Encarnação Le Thanh Hung 《Aquaculture International》2018,26(3):921-936
Triplicate groups of one hundred Tra catfish (8 g?±?0.2) were fed seven test diets containing increasing levels of AFB1 (0, 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 μg AFB1 kg?1). Additionally Mycofix® Secure was added at 1.5% to one diet containing 500 μg AFB1 kg?1. Results showed that Tra catfish are sensitive to AFB1. Reduction in weight gain (P?<?0.05) was observed for fish fed 50 μg AFB1 kg?1 and declined further with increasing levels of AFB1 in the diets. Fish fed diets contaminated with 500 and 1000 μg AFB1 kg?1 showed increased (P?>?0.05) hepatosomatic index (HIS), while an increase in adipose somatic index (ASI) was observed in fish fed 50 μg AFB1 kg?1 and above when compared to the control and Mycofix® diets. After 12 weeks, blood serum analysis revealed higher alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in fish fed the 50, 100, and 250 μg AFB1 kg?1 suggesting occurrence of liver damage. Disease resistance of fish exposed to Edwardsiella ictaluri was also compromised by the presence of AFB1 in the feed and was directly related to the contamination level. Seven days after Edwardsiella ictaluri exposure, survival rates were 50, 41.7, 31.7, and 8.3% for fish fed control, 50, 100, and 250 μg AFB1 kg?1, respectively. This trial shows that AFB1 at a level of 50 μg AFB1 kg?1 and above can affect fish performance and disease resistance. Application of an effective mycotoxin management in the feed seems to be useful to prevent the negative effects of AFB1. 相似文献
2.
Manal I. El-Barbary 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2016,42(2):617-629
The present study aims to investigate the effects of both garlic and curcumin through evaluating their therapeutic properties as antioxidants on liver and kidney functions, hepatic antioxidants and GPx gene expression against aflatoxicosis of O. niloticus. In total, 180 of tilapia were divided into ten groups; T1 represented the negative control fed on a basal diet, and T2 was injected with a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) dose of AFB1 (6 mg/kg b.w.). Fish in T3–T6 were fed on a basal diet supplemented with both garlic (T3 and T4) and curcumin (T5 and T6) at the two concentrations of 10 and 20 g/kg diet, respectively. Fish in T7–T10 groups were injected with AFB1 and fed on the garlic (T7 and T8) and curcumin (T9 and T10) dietaries. The results showed that AFB1 has significant potency for increasing the activity of plasma AST, ALT, creatinine and uric acid values, and hepatic MDA as well as for reducing the concentrations of plasma TP, AL, GL and hepatic activity of TAC, while AFB1 led to up-regulated GPx gene expression when compared to the control (T1). These harmful effects of AFB1 were alleviated due to the garlic and curcumin dietaries in some studied parameters. Garlic reflected the highest induction of gene expression (T7); however, curcumin showed significant down-regulated (T9). These results concluded that the effects of garlic were better than curcumin at the two concentrations and the low concentration of them is more beneficial than the high concentration when it used against AFB1 in O. niloticus. 相似文献
3.
Zhi-xin Wu Su-feng Pang Xiao-xuan Chen Yan-mei Yu Jin-min Zhou Xi Chen Li-jiao Pang 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2013,39(2):181-190
The effect of dietary intake of Coriolus versicolor Polysaccharides (CVP) on the hematological and biochemical indices of Allogynogenetic crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) was investigated. Fish were fed CVP supplemented diets (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 or 4.0 g CVP kg?1) for 56 days. The RBC, WBC counts, hemoglobin content, ESR in blood and TP, ALT, AST, ALP, GLU, CHO, TG, and BUN in serum were measured on day 0, 14, 28, 42, and 56. After feeding of 56 days, fish were infected with Aeromonas hydrophila and mortalities were recorded. The results indicated that feeding crucian carp with suitable dose of CVP enhanced the RBC, WBC counts, hemoglobin and TP content, ALP activity, and decreased the ESR, ALT, AST, GLU, CHO, TG and BUN. There was no effect in fish at low dose (0.25 g kg?1). Unexpectedly, the higher CVP dose used here (2.0 and 4.0 g kg?1) has a negative effect in fish. The results of challenge experiment indicated that a moderate level of CVP in the diet (1.0 g kg?1) was the most effective to enhance the survival of fish after infected with A. hydrophila. In summary, the use of CVP, as dietary supplements, can improve the innate defense of crucian carp providing resistance to pathogens. 相似文献
4.
Toxicity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was investigated in juvenile hybrid sturgeon Acipenser ruthenus ♂ × A. baeri♀, an important coldwater finfish farmed in China and other countries. Seven experimental diets (Diet A–G) containing different levels of AFB1 (0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 μg kg?1 diet) were fed to juvenile sturgeon weighing 10.53 ± 0.17 g kg?1 to determine its effect on survival, growth, feed consumption, hematocrit, liver histology as well as muscular and hepatic toxin accumulation. The experiment lasted for 35 days and was conducted in two periods of 25 and 10 days each. No external changes or unusual behaviour was observed in the fish fed diets with AFB1. Mortality was observed in fish fed with highest levels of AFB1 (80 μg kg?1– Diet G) from day 12 onwards. After 25 days, fish fed the diet of 80 μg AFB1 kg?1 showed significant lower survival (50 ± 5.77%) followed by those fed 40 μg AFB1 kg?1 diet (80 ± 5.77%) and 20 μg AFB1 kg?1 diet (86.66 ± 3.33%). No significant difference was observed in specific growth rate (SGR) or hepatosomatic index (HSI) between groups. Hematocrit was significantly higher in the fish fed the diet of highest AFB1. The fish were weighed at day 25 in some treatments (Diets F and G) because of high mortality. However, feeding was continued for another 10 days to observe mortality or behavioural changes if any in the other groups. After 35 days, survival in the fish fed Diet F (40 μg AFB1 kg?1) was 40% and those fed Diet E (20 μg AFB1 kg?1) was 36.2%. Significant histopathological changes including nuclear hypertrophy, hyperchromasia, extensive biliary hyperplasia, focal hepatocyte necrosis and presence of inflammatory cells were observed in the liver of fish fed high levels of aflatoxin (40 and 80 μg kg?1). AFB1 accumulation in fish muscle and liver increased with increased dietary AFB1 levels. It could be confirmed that 10 μg AFB1 kg?1 diet was the maximum allowable level in hybrid sturgeon diet. 相似文献
5.
A. SHAFAEIPOUR V. YAVARI B. FALAHATKAR J. Gh. MAREMMAZI & E. GORJIPOUR 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2008,14(2):110-119
Rainbow trout (initial body weight 4.16 ± 0.25 g) were fed diets [crude protein 420 g kg?1; gross energy 18.7 MJ kg?1 dry matter (DM); crude fat 110 g kg?1] containing graded levels of either a canola meal (crude protein 350 g kg?1 DM) supplemented with DL‐methionine as partial fish meal protein. A growth trial was conducted over 16 weeks at a water temperature of 12 ± 1 °C. At the end of the growth trial, in addition to body composition analyses, plasma tri‐iodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), cholesterol and liver fatty acid composition were measured. Replacement of fish meal with canola meal (100–570 g kg?1 replacement) did not affect on growth performance. At 16th week, plasma cholesterol levels were reduced in fish fed all diets in comparison with 8th week. Plasma T4 levels were significantly higher in the canola meal‐fed fish sampled after 16 weeks, but no significant differences in T3 levels were obtained (P > 0.05). Proximate compositions were affected by dietary treatments. The liver fatty acid composition reflected that of the diet with a higher level of polyunsaturated (n‐6) fatty acids in fish fed diet canola meal and a higher content in n‐3/n‐6 ratio in fish fed diet without canola meal. These studies show that canola meal has potential to replace substantial levels of fish meal in diets for carnivorous fish without compromising performance. 相似文献
6.
Solvent-extracted soybean meal (SBM) was fermented using baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisae at 30 °C for 5 days. Four isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets containing 75% SBM protein, either fermented or non-fermented (SBM and FSBM), and supplemented or not with organic Se (OS) (SBMOS and FSBMOS), were fed to triplicate groups of juvenile barramundi (Lates calcarifer) (initial weight of 5 g) for 75 days. A fishmeal (FM)-based diet formulated for juvenile barramundi was used as a reference diet. The growth of fish was significantly affected by either the interaction of SBM type or by the OS level. In fish fed diets supplemented with OS (SBMOS and FSBMOS), final weight (FW), specific growth rate (SGR) and weight gain (WG) were higher in fish fed the fermented SBM (FSBMOS) than in those fed the non-fermented SBM (SBMOS). The apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of protein was higher in the fish fed the fermented SBM, either supplemented or unsupplemented with OS. However, there were no significant differences in the ADC of dry matter (DM) and lipids among the tested diets and in comparison to the reference diet. The haematocrit and leucocrit of fish fed the FSBMOS diet were lower than those of fish fed the FM diet. Furthermore, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was significantly influenced by OS supplementation in the experimental diets; GPx activity was greater in the fish fed diets supplemented with OS. Creatinine kinase (CK) of all groups of fish was higher than the CK of those fed the reference diet. These results suggest that with a proper nutritional level, OS supplementation may act as an important factor in enzymatic GPx activity and in the haematology and blood biochemistry status of juvenile barramundi fed fermented SBM-based diets, encouraging improvement of the overall growth performance. 相似文献
7.
Martha Reyes‐Becerril Dariel Tovar‐Ramírez Felipe Ascencio‐Valle Roberto Civera‐Cerecedo Vicente Gracia‐López Valérie Barbosa‐Solomieu María Ángeles Esteban 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(11):1676-1686
Two trials were conducted to determine the efficacy of fish fed live yeast Debaryomyces hansenii strain CBS 8339 on immune and antioxidant systems in leopard grouper Mycteroperca rosacea infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Juveniles (12±0.5 g) were fed with a control diet or a D. hansenii‐supplemented diet (106 colony‐forming units per gram) for 5 weeks. The live weight of fish was registered on a weekly basis. After 4 weeks, fish from each treatment were immunocompromised with pathogenic A. hydrophila and further fed for 1 week in order to evaluate the effect on immunological and antioxidant parameters. Generally, the results showed enhanced growth performance in fish fed the diet containing yeast compared with the control. Addition of live yeast had no significant effect on the immunological parameters after 4 weeks of feeding. However, post infection with A. hydrophila fish fed the yeast‐supplemented diet resulted in a significant increase in the levels of plasmatic immunoglobulin M. Superoxide dismutase and catalase (CAT) activities were significantly higher in the yeast group. In this fish, CAT and heat shock protein 70 genes were up‐regulated before and after infection of A. hydrophila. The present study is the first one reporting that yeast (D. hansenii) can enhance immunity and resistance against A. hydrophila. 相似文献
8.
Growth and hepatopancreas performances of gibel carp fed diets containing low levels of aflatoxin B1
The effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on growth, physiological responses and histological changes were investigated in juvenile gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). Triplicate groups of gibel carp (3.53 ± 0.02 g) were fed seven semipurified diets (Diet 1 to 7) containing 3.20, 5.37, 7.08, 9.55, 12.70, 17.90 and 28.60 μg AFB1 kg?1 diet for 3 months. The results showed fish weight gain fed Diet 6 was 112.6% of that of control group (Diet 1) after 3 months, but there was no significant difference of weight gain between fish fed Diet 7 and the control group. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of fish hepatopancreas fed Diet 7 was significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed in ALT activities of the fish fed with more than 10 μg AFB1 kg?1 (Diet 4, 5, 6 and 7). No significant histological lesions were identified between the control and increasing AFB1 treatments. AFB1 accumulated in hepatopancreas was logarithmically related to the dietary AFB1 levels, and AFB1 also accumulated in muscles and ovaries of gibel carp fed Diet 3 to Diet 7. The present results indicated that fish fed with more than 10 μg AFB1 kg?1 diet showed impaired physiological responses and more AFB1 residue of muscles and ovaries above the safety limitation of European Union. 相似文献
9.
Maciej Kamaszewski Marta Prasek Teresa Ostaszewska Konrad Dabrowski 《Aquaculture International》2014,22(1):259-271
A 28-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the influence of feeding diets containing plant protein wheat gluten supplemented with dipeptides or free amino acids on structure and development of the skeletal muscles of carp (Cyprinus carpio). Common carp fingerlings (1 month old) having an of average weight of 0.07 ± 0.02 g and total length of 17.79 ± 1.79 mm were fed three formulated diets—wheat gluten protein-based diets supplemented with Lys–Gly dipeptide (PP), free lysine and glycine (AA), control diet without lysine supplemented (CON)—and two other diets: restrictive diet—frozen zooplankton (Z) and commercial diet Aglo Norse (AN). After 28 days of experimental feeding, statistically significant higher survival was observed among fish fed AN and Z diets (99.5 ± 1.0 %; P ≤ 0.05). The feeding AN diet has had also a positive influence on weight and growth rate as well as on development and growth of skeletal muscles. Furthermore, carps fed AN diet had the largest area of red and white muscle as compared with the other feeding groups, and the differences were statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05). The increase in the number of proliferating cells (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) was observed on the last day of the experiment among carps fed PP, AA and CON. Moreover, fish fed PP significantly had the greatest number of MyoD- and myogenin-positive nucleus (P ≤ 0.05). Among the experimental diets based on wheat gluten, a positive impact on structure and development of muscles has been observed in carps fed PP diet. 相似文献
10.
《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,251(2-4):201-209
Three separate experiments were conducted with juvenile hybrid striped bass to determine the effects of levamisole as a feed supplement on growth performance, innate immunity and specific antibody responses, as well as resistance to Streptococcus iniae and Aeromonas hydrophila infection. A basal diet was formulated to contain 40% protein, 10% lipid and an estimated digestible energy level of 3.5 kcal/g. Four levels (100, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) of levamisole were added to the basal diet in place of cellulose. After the 3-week feeding period in feeding trial 1, enhanced weight gain was generally observed in fish fed the diets supplemented with a low level (< 500 mg/kg) of levamisole. Dietary supplementation of levamisole at 100 mg/kg significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced growth and feed efficiency, compared to fish fed the basal diet. Fish fed diet supplemented with 1000 mg levamisole/kg diet showed chronic toxicity signs of inferior growth, reduced feed intake and feed efficiency. Although the extracellular superoxide anion production of head kidney cells, hematocrit, serum lysozyme and peroxidase were not significantly affected by dietary treatments, intracellular superoxide anion production of head kidney macrophages of fish fed 250 mg levamisole/kg diet was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of fish fed the other four diets. The hypothesized benefits of dietary supplementation of levamisole in reducing mortality from infection of pathogenic bacteria including S. iniae and A. hydrophila were not proven after two separate 3-week feeding trials and disease challenges in the present study. Agglutinating antibody titers of individual fish were highly varied and not significantly influenced by dietary levamisole at the tested levels. 相似文献
11.
Xanthine oxidase activity exerts pro‐oxidative and pro‐inflammatory effects in serum of silver catfish fed with a diet contaminated with aflatoxin B1
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M D Baldissera C F Souza P H Doleski C C Zeppenfeld S Descovi A S Da Silva B Baldisserotto 《Journal of fish diseases》2018,41(7):1153-1158
Several studies have associated the involvement of xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, a source of uric acid and reactive oxygen species (ROS), to pro‐oxidative and pro‐inflammatory effects during pathological conditions. Considering this, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether upregulation on seric XO activity may be a pathway involved in the oxidative stress in fish exposed to a diet contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), as well as whether it may be considered a pathway involved in ROS and NOx production. Xanthine oxidase activity, as well as the uric acid, ROS and NOx levels increased in serum of fish fed with a AFB1‐contaminated diet on days 14 and 21 post‐feeding compared to fish fed with a basal diet. Based on these evidences, upregulation of seric XO activity induces pro‐oxidant and pro‐inflammatory profiles in serum of fish fed with a AFB1‐contaminated diet due to excessive formation on uric acid. Also, the excessive uric acid induces the release of pro‐oxidant and pro‐inflammatory mediators, as ROS and NOx, also contributing to oxidative and inflammatory profiles. In summary, the upregulation on seric XO activity may be considered a pathway involved in the oxidative stress of fish exposed to a diet contaminated with AFB1. 相似文献
12.
13.
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum on the production of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Five experimental diets containing 0, 103, 105, 107, and 109 CFU of Lactobacillus plantarum g?1 diet (T1–T5 treatments respectively) were fed to African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) (9.20 ± 0.1 g initial body mass), for 70 days. Results indicated significantly lower growth performance in the fish fed diet without probiotics and in those fed diet with the least probiotic level. Treatments with probiotics significantly improved the blood profile and carcass protein but significantly reduced the carcass fat (P < 0.05); these treatments also marginally improved the carcass minerals in comparison with the treatment without probiotic (P < 0.05). Challenging the fish fed the experimental diets with Salmonella typhi showed higher immunity of fish fed the probiotic diets than those fed the nonprobiotic diet. Duncan’s multiple range test showed that the best fish performance was observed with 103 CFU g?1 L. plantarum for very parameter measured. However, regression analyses showed the optimum level of the bacteria to be 104.13–105 CFU g?1 相似文献
14.
Z. L. Zheng K. Y. Wang Delbert M. Gatlin III J. M. Ye 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2011,42(4):549-557
This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of graded levels of GroBiotic®‐A to improve performance of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, fed a 29% crude protein (CP) diet. A 29% CP diet was formulated and supplemented with 0, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2% GroBiotic®‐A and compared to performance of fish fed a 33% CP diet. Enhanced weight gain and feed efficiency were generally observed in fish fed the diets supplemented with GroBiotic®‐A compared to the 29% CP diet. No significant differences in these responses were observed between fish fed diets supplemented with GroBiotic®‐A compared to those fed the 33% CP diet. Supplementation of 0.8 and 1.2% GroBiotic®‐A induced significantly lower condition factor and hepatosomatic index compared to fish fed the 29% CP diet, but those values were similar to that of fish fed the 33% CP diet. GroBiotic®‐A supplementation and protein reduction had no effect on the viscerosomatic index of fish or moisture, lipid, and protein content of muscle samples. However, muscle ash increased significantly with protein reduction (29% CP diet), but GroBiotic®‐A supplementation (0.8 and 1.2%) reduced muscle ash content. Activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase were markedly reduced in fish fed GroBiotic®‐A (0.8 and 1.2%) compared to those fed the control diet. GroBiotic®‐A supplementation also induced significantly higher neutrophil oxidative radical production compared to fish fed the 29% CP diet, but no significant difference was observed in comparison with the 33% CP diet. After 8 wk of feeding, exposure to Aeromonas hydrophila for 3 wk resulted in 40% (0.4, 0.8% GroBiotic®‐A) and 27% (1.2% GroBiotic®‐A) mortality and reduced signs of disease, while 47% mortality was observed in fish fed the 29% CP diet. Based on the result of this study, it is concluded that 0.8 and 1.2% GroBiotic®‐A positively influenced growth performance and feed efficiency of tilapia fed diets containing 29% crude protein to levels comparable to fish fed the 33% CP diet. GroBiotic®‐A supplementation also significantly increased neutrophil oxidative radical production as well as resistance to Ae. hydrophila infection. 相似文献
15.
Amalia Sutriana Roshada Hashim Mst. Nahid Akter Siti Azizah Mohd Nor 《Fisheries Science》2018,84(3):523-533
The effects of galactooligosaccharide (GOS) and a combination of yeast and β-glucan (YβG) supplementation of dietary soybean meal (SBM) on the growth and digestive performance of striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus were evaluated. Four isonitrogenous (30% protein) and isocaloric (19 MJ/kg diet) diets were formulated to contain 100% fish meal (FM) protein, 55% FM protein/45% SBM protein, FM-SBM supplemented with 1% GOS, and a combination of 1% yeast and 0.1% β-glucan, respectively. Each diet was fed for 12 weeks to three groups of 30 striped catfish fingerlings (average weight 16.45?±?0.07 g) maintained in circular fiberglass tanks (600 l). Growth, feed utilization, and muscle protein composition of fish improved significantly after supplementation with either GOS or YβG compared to the unsupplemented SBM diet, but were similar to those of fish fed the FM diet. Nutrient digestibility, digestive enzyme activities, villi and microvilli length were significantly increased in fish fed the supplemented SBM diets. The gut microbiota ranking profile showed that supplementing the SBM diet with YβG and GOS gave a ranking of Verrucomicrobia, Spirochaetes, Bacteriodetes, and Actinobacteria phyla similar to that of the FM diet. Thus, diet containing 45% protein from soybean supplemented with either GOS or YβG can be recommended to improve the growth and digestive performance of striped catfish. 相似文献
16.
Immune Response and Disease Resistance of Barramundi,Lates calcarifer (Bloch), Offered Diets Supplemented with Replete Levels of Tryptophan or Whey
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Chia‐Chun Chi Ya‐Li Shiu Hsueh‐Li Lin Chun‐Hung Liu 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2018,49(1):127-140
A basal diet containing 45% protein, 10% lipid, and 1.95% tryptophan (Trp) was formulated, and then supplemented with crystalline Trp (0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1% of the diet) or whey (16.9%) to evaluate the physiological effects of juvenile (initial weight: 0.57 ± 0.15 g) barramundi over a 58‐d rearing period. Significant reductions in growth and feed intake were observed in fish offered diets supplemented with Trp as compared to those offered the basal diet or the whey diet. Brain serotonin increased in fish fed the 1% Trp and whey diets albeit a decrease in cannibalism was not observed. Phagocytic activity, and Mx gene expression in spleens were not significantly changed among all groups. There were significant increases in lysozyme activity in the 1% Trp and whey groups, respiratory burst in the whey group, and Mx gene expression in head kidneys in the 1% Trp group 12 h after nerve necrosis virus (NNV) injection and in the whey 12 group and 24 h after NNV injection. Cumulative mortalities of fish fed the whey diet were significantly lower than those of fish fed the basal diet after Aeromonas hydrophila infection, but not Trp groups. Based on these results, diets supplemented with whey had reduced mortality when challenged with A. hydrophila and consequently function as an immunostimulant. 相似文献
17.
Dashi Zhu Xiaobo Wen Shengkang Li Xiongzhi Xuan Yuanyou Li 《Aquaculture International》2016,24(2):491-502
A feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of exogenous non-starch polysaccharide (NSP)-degrading enzymes in diets containing Gracilaria lemaneiformis (GL) on growth performance and digestive enzyme activities of white-spotted snapper Lutjanus stellatus Akazaki (initial mass 8.0 ± 0.1 g). A basal diet (D0) containing a mixed protein source (fish meal, soybean meal and GL meal) was used as the control. Two diets supplemented with 0.5 g (D1) and 1 g (D2) exogenous NSP-degrading enzymes per kilogram of diet were formulated. Each diet was assigned to triplicate groups of fish in a total of nine floating sea cages (270 fish, 30 fish per cage). After a 60-day feeding trail, significantly higher weight gain, specific growth ratio and feed efficiency ratio were observed in fish fed D2 diet compared to those of control (P < 0.05). Body lipid, moisture and ash contents were not significantly affected by NSP-degrading enzyme supplementation, but significantly higher protein content was noticed in fish fed D2 diet compared to that of control (P < 0.05). The amylase activity in the stomach and intestine was significantly higher in fish fed D2 diet (P < 0.05), but no significant differences were observed in pepsin and lipase activities in the stomach or trypsin and lipase activities in the intestine between all treatments. The results suggested that addition of 1 g kg?1 NSP-degrading enzymes in diet could efficiently improve seaweed feed utilization and growth performance of white-spotted snapper fish. 相似文献
18.
Liansheng Wang Hong Xu Yang Wang Chang’an Wang Jinnan Li Zhigang Zhao Liang Luo Xue Du Qiyou Xu 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2017,43(3):901-909
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the supplementation of vitamin D3 on the growth, vitamin D metabolites, and osteocalcin secretion in juvenile Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). A 90-day growth trial was conducted with juvenile Siberian sturgeon (initial body weight 3.47 ± 0.14 g) fed seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic practical diets (45% CP and 13% lipid) containing 60 (basal diet), 240, 450, 880, 1670, 3300, or 1.0 × 105 IU/kg feed (D60~D 1.0 × 105) vitamin D3. The results showed that weight gain and specific growth rate increased as the dietary vitamin D3 levels increased from 450 to 3300 IU/kg (P < 0.05). The fish fed with D1670 and D3300 diets had higher crude lipid and ash levels than the fish fed the D60 diet (P < 0.05). The fish fed D880, D1670, or D3300 diets had higher 25-OH-D3 and 1,25-(OH)2-D3 levels than the fish fed the D60 diet (P < 0.05). The fish fed D880, D1670, D3300, or D1.0 × 105 diets had higher osteocalcin levels than the fish fed the D60 diet (P < 0.05). Based on the broken line method analysis of weight gain and osteocalcin, the dietary vitamin D3 requirement of juvenile Siberian sturgeon was estimated to be 1683.30 and 1403.27 IU/kg per diet, respectively. 相似文献
19.
In this study, the effects of oral administration of different levels of Dunaliella salina (a natural β-carotene source) on growth parameters, immunological and hematological indices, as well as skin carotenoids, of Heros severus were investigated. One hundred and eighty H. severus weighing 27 ± 0.5 g were divided randomly into four groups in triplicate (15 fish in each replicate). Groups 1–4 received food supplemented with 0, 50, 100 and 200 mg kg?1 D. salina powder, respectively. After 6 weeks, the growth parameters were compared among the groups. Blood samples were taken from each group, and hematological parameters including red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), hematocrit (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb) and immunological indices (serum and mucus lysozyme and bactericidal activity, resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila infection) as well as carotenoid content of skin were evaluated. Results showed that some growth indices increased significantly in fish fed with 100 and 200 mg kg?1 D. salina-supplemented food (P < 0.05). Although serum lysozyme activity was increased in fish fed with food supplemented with 100 and 200 mg kg?1 D. salina (P < 0.05), no significant change was observed in serum and mucus bactericidal activity and mucus lysozyme activity among the groups (P > 0.05). Most of the hematological parameters such as WBC, RBC, PCV and Hb significantly increased in D. salina-treated fish compared with controls (P < 0.05). Mortality induced after challenge with A. hydrophila in 200 mg kg?1 D. salina-treated fish was 36.67 %, which significantly decreased compared with control (P < 0.05). Skin carotenoid content in all D. salina treatments was statistically higher than that of control (P < 0.05). Conclusively, D. salina as a food additive can affect positively the growth, immunological and hematological parameters of H. severus. 相似文献
20.
The current study aimed to evaluate the possible effect of Origanum essential oil on innate immune parameters as well as the hematological profiles of Tilapia zillii following challenge with Vibrio anguillarum. Fifty-four of Tilapia zillii weighing 180?±?10.2 g were randomly distributed into three identical closed recirculating seawater systems. The study included three groups (G1, G2, and G3) repeated in triplicates. Fish of the first two groups were fed on a basal diet without herbs, whereas fish of the last group were fed on a basal diet supplemented with Origanum essential oil at concentration 1 g kg?1 for 15 days. Subsequently, fish of G2 and G3 subjected to a peritoneal inflammation by intraperitoneally injecting V. anguillarum (5.5?×?105 CFU mL?1), whereas fish of G1 injected with saline and served as control. Fish of all groups were then sampled at 4, 12, and 24 h post injection. No mortalities were observed in both basal and Origanum fed groups. However, some specimens of fish fed basal diet showed dorsal fin erosions, eroded mouth, and detached skin. Although the kinetics of RBCs, WBCs, Hb, and differential leukocyte values remained unchanged in fish fed different diets at the beginning of the trial, significant increases in those values were observed in fish fed Origanum essential oil at 12 and 24 h post injection. Similarly, an augmentation of plasma proteases, antiproteases, and lysozyme activities were recorded in fish fed Origanum essential oil at the same particular sampling points. A significant enhancement in plasma bactericidal capacity was only recorded in fish fed Origanum essential oil at 12 and 24 h post challenge compared to those fed basal diet. In conclusion, Origanum essential oil had a pronounced influence on the innate immunity and increased the fish resistance to V. anguillarum. These data gave insight into the potential use of Origanum in prophylactic strategies against threatening pathogens. 相似文献