苋菜芽苗菜生物学性状及营养变化研究

以“青柳叶”、“红园叶紫”、“台湾绿叶”、“白园叶”、“绿园叶”、“红园叶红”6个苋菜品种为试材,采用育苗盘法生产芽苗菜,对芽苗菜的株高、茎粗、百株鲜重、叶面积、维生素C、还原糖、蛋白质等生物学性状进行了分析.结果表明:“台湾绿叶”与“绿园叶”的百株鲜重最高,分别为0.510、0.482 g;苋菜芽苗菜百株鲜重与株高呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.9539;还原糖与维生素C含量呈极显著负相关,相关系数为-0.4779.“台湾绿叶”与“绿园叶”的维生素C含量最高,为4.34 mg/100gFW;“台湾绿叶”的蛋白质含量最高,为80.37mg/100g;“青柳叶”的还原糖含量最高,为0.28 mg/100g.综合选择出适合生产芽苗菜的苋菜品种为“青柳叶”和“台湾绿叶”.     

播种密度对萝卜芽苗菜产量及品质的影响

研究播种密度对萝卜芽苗菜产量和品质的影响,以期为高产高效栽培提供理论依据.结果表明:播种密度对萝卜芽苗菜的产量和Vc含量有着重要的影响,而对蛋白质含量影响较小.播种密度为850 g/m2时产量较高,而成本最低,同时Vc含量达到最高(23.34 mg/kg FW),因此为较合适的播种密度.     

萝卜芽苗菜品种筛选

以4个绿皮萝卜品种‘潍萝卜3号’、‘青岛特青萝卜’、‘翠绿水果萝卜’、‘潍萝卜1号’,2个红皮萝卜品种‘神农大红’、‘京红四号’和1个白萝卜品种‘浙大长’为试材,在室内采用苗盘法,比较评价了7个不同皮色萝卜品种芽苗菜生长情况、色素含量、营养品质以及生物产率,以期筛选适合芽苗菜生产的萝卜品种。结果表明:萝卜芽苗菜的生长和品质在不同品种间存在显著差异;绿皮萝卜和红皮萝卜品种在生长和营养品质上优于白皮萝卜‘浙大长’;萝卜‘京红四号’芽苗菜的鲜重为1.96g,维生素C含量为9.28mg/100g FW;‘潍萝卜3号’下胚轴长为6.02cm;‘京红四号’和‘潍萝卜3号’生物产率分别为8.99和8.77,均显著高于其它品种;综上,萝卜‘京红四号’和‘潍萝卜3号’更适合于作为萝卜芽苗菜生产使用。     

不同浓度GA3、6-BA对萝卜苗菜生长及产量的影响

萝卜芽苗菜是萝卜种子在一定的环境下经催芽培养,待子叶展开即采收上市的一种芽苗类蔬菜.因其含有丰富的维生素C和维生素A以及矿物质,加之食味辛辣,洁净卫生,常食能健胃消食,增加食欲.可生拌作"沙拉",也可作汤料及火锅配料,风味独特,很受消费者欢迎.在日本、东南亚各国及港澳地区都有大量的生产与供应.萝卜芽苗菜不仅营养价值高,而且经济效益好.从播种到采收只需7～15天,无土栽培每年可生产20～30茬,复种指数高,设施运转率高,有条件的地方可周年连续生产.为提高萝卜芽苗菜的产量,同时缩短生产周期,笔者采用不同浓度的GA3(赤霉素)和6-BA处理,对萝卜芽苗菜的生长及产量进行试验研究.     

不同浓度GA_3、6-BA对萝卜芽苗菜生长及产量的影响

萝卜芽苗菜是萝卜种子在一定的环境下经催芽培养，待子叶展开即采收上市的一种芽苗类蔬菜。因其含有丰富的维生素C和维生素A以及矿物质，加之食味辛辣，洁净卫生，常食能健胃消食，增加食欲。可生拌作“沙拉”，也可作汤料及火锅配料，风味独特，很受消费者欢迎。在日本、东南亚各国及港澳地区都有大量的生产与供应。萝卜芽苗菜不仅营养价值高，而且经济效益好。从播种到采收只需7～15天，无土栽培每年可生产20～30茬，复种指数高，设施运转率高，有条件的地方可周年连续生产。为提高萝卜芽苗菜的产量，同时缩短生产周期，笔者采用不同浓度…     

拉肖皂苷C对萝卜、黑豆、松柳芽苗种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

以萝卜、黑豆、松柳种子为试材,以蒸馏水为对照,研究了0.001、0.005、0.010、0.050、0.100、0.500mg/L不同浓度的拉肖皂苷C(LG-C)对萝卜、黑豆、松柳种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:0.005、0.500mg/L的LG-C溶液浸种对松柳种子萌发具有显著促进作用,各浓度处理对幼苗苗高均无显著影响;0.050mg/L的LG-C明显促进了萝卜幼苗的生长,幼苗地上部生物学产量增加,维生素C含量明显高于其它处理;0.001mg/L的LG-C对黑豆幼苗地上部生物学产量的增加作用明显,对维生素C含量的增加也有较显著的作用;浓度为0.001mg/L的LG-C对松柳幼苗的根长及须根的生长有明显的抑制作用,而对苗粗和根粗有明显的促进作用,0.005mg/L的LG-C则显著促进松柳幼苗地上部生物学产量的增加,同时有效增加其维生素C含量;试验表明,适宜浓度的LG-C在芽苗菜生产中具有一定的应用价值。     

高营养品质荞麦芽苗菜品种筛选比较试验

为提高荞麦芽苗菜质量，筛选营养品质及生长特征较好的荞麦芽苗菜品种，以兴农甜荞1号、库伦小粒、库伦苦荞、六苦2081、威宁白花等5个荞麦品种为材料，比较测定其生长指标和品质指标。结果表明：威宁白花在形态指标、产量及营养表现上较优于其他品种，表现为株高14.74 cm，茎粗1.25mm，脱壳率达88%，百株质量为17.73g，蛋白质、粗纤维、铁、锌、维生素C和维生素E含量分别为99.6 g/kg、16.28%、34.02 mg/kg、5.81 mg/kg、364.97μg/g和11.76μg/g；库伦苦荞营养品质表现仅次于威宁白花，粗蛋白、粗纤维、铁、锌、维生素C和维生素E含量分别为96.2 g/kg、16.07%、33.10 mg/kg、5.49 mg/kg、323.12μg/g和11.33μg/g。综上所述，威宁白花和库伦苦荞较适合于芽苗菜种植。     

不同播种密度对小扁豆芽菜生长的影响

为提高小扁豆芽菜的产量及品质,以小扁豆为材料,研究在不同播种密度下小扁豆芽菜的生长情况。结果表明:不同播种密度下小扁豆生长情况具有明显差异,8h为浸种时间条件下,播种密度为0.5g/cm2时,第4d发芽率99.35%,芽长2.22cm,生物产率340.15%,蛋白质含量53 mg/g、Vc含量24.97 mg/100 g是本试验中最适宜的播种密度,结论对小扁豆芽苗菜高效生产技术提供了一定的理论参考依据。     

不同品种萝卜芽苗菜生长过程中活性成分的变化研究

萝卜芽苗菜是抗癌蔬菜,生长过程中能形成具有抗癌功效的异硫氰酸酯等生理活性物质,在我国食用量相对较多。为探究不同品种萝卜芽苗菜在生长过程中活性成分的变化,为芽苗菜的工业化生产提供理论依据,本文对长春白萝卜、潍县青萝卜、抚顺红萝卜这三个品种萝卜芽苗菜生长过程中的生长情况、活性成分含量及抗氧化能力的变化进行了研究。结果表明,三个品种萝卜芽苗菜中潍县青萝卜芽苗菜的生长能力最强;三个品种芽苗菜抗坏血酸和花色苷含量均呈现先增加后减少的趋势,其中潍县青萝卜芽苗菜中抗坏血酸含量最高,抚顺红萝卜芽苗菜中花色苷含量最高;三个品种的总酚含量差异不显著,但都呈现下降的趋势。硫苷、异硫氰酸酯含量均在第3 d时达到最高,且潍县青萝卜芽苗菜的含量最高,分别达15.63μmol/g FW和2.8 mg/g;抚顺红萝卜芽苗菜的DPPH·清除率和还原能力最强。     

播种密度对不同品种大麦芽苗菜生产的影响

以皮大麦和裸大麦种子为试材,研究不同播种密度对芽苗菜生产的影响.结果表明:23 g/100cm2和18 g/100cm2分别为皮大麦和裸大麦芽苗菜生产的最佳播种密度,在此密度下,大麦芽苗菜的经济产量最高,分别为1.51和2.49 kg/m2.     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

遮阴及地膜覆盖对黄皮果实表面温湿度变化及果实品质的影响

以金鸡心黄皮为试材,研究了遮阴及地膜覆盖处理对黄皮果实品质与果实表面温湿度变化的影响。结果表明：阴雨天气下,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖处理的果实表面日平均湿度低;晴天天气下,地膜覆盖处理及对照果实表面的日平均温度高,昼夜温差大,阴雨及晴天天气下温度变化、湿度变化趋势基本一致;地膜覆盖提高了果实品质,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖降低了果实好果率。     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。