嗜线虫致病杆菌HB310对五种苹果病原菌抑菌活性的影响

以苹果轮纹病菌、苹果腐烂病菌、苹果黑斑病菌、苹果斑点落叶病菌和苹果灰霉病菌为供试菌种,采用生长速率法和孢子萌发法测定嗜线虫致病杆菌HB310的发酵液和上清液对病原菌菌丝生长发育的抑制作用及对孢子萌发的影响。结果表明:嗜线虫致病杆菌HB310发酵液和上清液对苹果轮纹菌菌丝生长的抑制效果最好,抑制率分别为76.90%和80.79%。嗜线虫致病杆菌HB310发酵液致使苹果腐烂病原菌菌丝形态异常;浓度为50和25mL/L的嗜线虫致病杆菌HB310对供试苹果病原真菌的孢子萌发均有很好的抑制作用,抑制率均在98%以上。嗜线虫致病杆菌HB310对苹果病原真菌的菌丝和孢子均具有较好的抑制作用。     

椰子泻血病室内药剂筛选研究

采用生长速率法和孢子萌发抑制法分别测定了10种杀菌剂对椰子泻血病病原菌(奇异长喙壳菌Ceratocystis paradoxa)的菌丝生长,分生孢子萌发和芽管生长的抑制作用,并测定了其中9种杀菌剂的室内毒力。结果表明,苯甲·丙环唑对病原菌的菌丝抑制作用最强,测试的8个浓度均完全抑制了菌丝的生长;百菌清对病原菌孢子萌发的抑制作用最强,抑制率100%;对病原菌分生孢子芽管的生长抑制率最高的是百菌清和苯甲·丙环唑,达到100%。咪鲜胺锰盐、多菌灵、十三吗啉、异菌脲和甲基硫菌灵的毒力作用较强,有效中浓度(EC_(50))分别为3.376 8×10~(-5)、0.043 2、0.269 2、1.246 2和4.599 4μg/mL。     

枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtils)B10对采后草莓果实病害的抑制效果

主要研究使用生物防治的方法来控制草莓果实采后病害以达到防腐保鲜的目的.以枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)B10作为拮抗菌,以新鲜草莓果实为试验材料,测定了不同贮藏温度、不同接种时间的B10活菌液、菌悬液、热处理液和过滤液对草莓果实人工接种灰霉病的抑制效果;以及不同浓度菌悬液对果实自然病害的抑制效果.结果表明,B10活菌液、菌悬液对病害的抑制效果较好,热处理液和过滤液次之,但均显著好于对照;在25℃和15℃的不同温度条件下,较高的贮藏温度有利于拮抗菌对病原菌的抑制作用;在接种拮抗菌之后8 h和16 h分别接种病原菌的不同时间下,拮抗菌接种时间早,抑制效果好;B10菌悬液对草莓果实自然病害有抑制作用,且浓度越高该作用越显著.     

细辛精油对5种黄瓜病害致病菌的离体抑菌活性

采用生长速率法和孢子萌发法测定了细辛精油对引起黄瓜病害的5种病原菌的菌丝生长和孢子萌发的影响.结果表明,对灰霉病菌菌丝生长和袍子萌发的抑制效果均较好,其次是对褐斑病菌、枯萎病菌和叶斑病菌;而对根腐病菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发的抑制效果均较差.对于同一种病原菌来说,细辛精油对其孢子萌发的抑制效果和对其菌丝生长的抑制效果存在差异,如灰霉病菌和根腐病菌,对其孢子萌发的抑制效果好于对其茵丝生长的抑制效果.     

枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)B10对采后草莓果实病害的抑制效果

主要研究使用生物防治的方法来控制草莓果实采后病害以达到防腐保鲜的目的。以枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)B10作为拮抗菌,以新鲜草莓果实为试验材料,测定了不同贮藏温度、不同接种时间的B10活菌液、菌悬液、热处理液和过滤液对草莓果实人工接种灰霉病的抑制效果;以及不同浓度菌悬液对果实自然病害的抑制效果。结果表明,B10活菌液、菌悬液对病害的抑制效果较好,热处理液和过滤液次之,但均显著好于对照;在25℃和15℃的不同温度条件下,较高的贮藏温度有利于拮抗菌对病原菌的抑制作用;在接种拮抗菌之后8h和16h分别接种病原菌的不同时间下,拮抗菌接种时间早,抑制效果好;B10菌悬液对草莓果实自然病害有抑制作用,且浓度越高该作用越显著。     

细辛精油对5种黄瓜病害致病菌的离体抑菌活性

采用生长速率法和孢子萌发法测定了细辛精油对引起黄瓜病害的5种病原菌的菌丝生长和孢子萌发的影响。结果表明,对灰霉病菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发的抑制效果均较好,其次是对褐斑病菌、枯萎病菌和叶斑病菌;而对根腐病菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发的抑制效果均较差。对于同一种病原菌来说,细辛精油对其孢子萌发的抑制效果和对其菌丝生长的抑制效果存在差异,如灰霉病菌和根腐病菌,对其孢子萌发的抑制效果好于对其菌丝生长的抑制效果。     

东北油豆角腐皮镰孢菌根腐病拮抗芽胞杆菌的筛选与鉴定

以东北油豆角腐皮镰孢菌为靶标菌,采用室内平板对峙培养和温室防效测定方法,从发病油豆角根际(围)土壤中筛选拮抗能力强的芽胞杆菌菌株,以期获得腐皮镰孢菌根腐病的生防资源。结果表明:该试验筛选到一株拮抗芽胞杆菌WJ-126,初步鉴定为贝莱斯芽胞杆菌(Bacillus velezensis),在温室人工接种条件下,该菌株对油豆角腐皮镰孢菌根腐病的相对防效可达60.92%。     

东北油豆角枯萎病病原菌的分离、纯化与鉴定

为明确引起东北油豆角枯萎病病原菌的分类地位,采用形态学和分子生物学方法(r DNA-ITS区序列测定)对其进行分离、纯化和致病性测定。结果显示:病原菌菌落呈淡紫色,大型分生孢子镰刀形,有3~5个隔;小型分生孢子椭圆形,有0~1个隔。试验共分离到镰刀菌菌株6株,其中对油豆角(将军一点红)有致病性的1株,经分子生物学方法测定,被鉴定为尖孢镰刀菌菜豆专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.phaseoli)。     

洋葱油和大蒜提取物对灰霉菌的作用效果

研究了洋葱油和大蒜提取物对灰霉菌分生孢子萌发、菌丝生长的抑制作用以及对草莓灰霉病的防治效果。结果表明,浓度为0.5 g?L-1的洋葱油和200 g?L-1的大蒜提取物即能抑制分生孢子的萌发;处理24 h后,洋葱油和大蒜提取物对灰霉菌菌丝生长有效抑制浓度分别为0.5和100 g?L-1,抑制率分别为89.3 %和85.9 %,48 h后有效抑制浓度分别为2.0和200 g?L-1,抑制率分别为90.5 %和85.6 %。然而在草莓灰霉病防治试验中,洋葱油和大蒜提取物都未表现出较好的防治效果。而化学杀菌剂Seibear能够抑制灰霉菌菌丝生长,并且对草莓灰霉病的防治效果较好,但是对灰霉菌分生孢子萌发的抑制作用不如洋葱油和大蒜提取物。     

枯草芽孢杆菌M6和木霉10对番茄灰病的防治效果研究

分别研究了枯草芽孢杆菌M6、木霉10和两者配成的复合菌剂W对番茄灰霉病的防治效果,测定了它们对番茄灰霉病的抑制作用.结果表明,枯草芽孢杆菌M6、木霉10、复合菌剂W对番茄灰霉病均有抑制作用,但复合菌 剂W对番茄灰霉病抑制作用更强,抑制率达到62.2％,且复合菌剂W的使用浓度不能低于105 cfu/mL.田间防治试...     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

遮阴及地膜覆盖对黄皮果实表面温湿度变化及果实品质的影响

以金鸡心黄皮为试材,研究了遮阴及地膜覆盖处理对黄皮果实品质与果实表面温湿度变化的影响。结果表明：阴雨天气下,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖处理的果实表面日平均湿度低;晴天天气下,地膜覆盖处理及对照果实表面的日平均温度高,昼夜温差大,阴雨及晴天天气下温度变化、湿度变化趋势基本一致;地膜覆盖提高了果实品质,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖降低了果实好果率。     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。