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1.
应用虫生真菌防治烟粉虱的现状   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
发虱Bemisia tabaci属世界性分布的大害虫。在一定条件下虫生真菌是控制烟粉虱种群的最有效天。本文就几种常见虫生真菌:蜡蚧轮枝菌Vericillium lecanii、座壳孢Aschersonia spp.、玫烟色拟青霉Paecilomyces fumosoroseus、球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana等防治烟粉虱的应用现状以及它们与其它敌的关系进行了综述,以期对烟粉虱虫生真菌的合理利用提供参考。  相似文献   

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Microbial insect pathogens offer an alternative means of pest control with the potential to wean us off our heavy reliance on chemical pesticides. Insect pathogenic fungi play an important natural role in controlling disease vectors and agricultural pests. Most commercial products employ Ascomycetes in the genera Metarhizium and Beauveria. However, their utilization has been limited by inconsistent field results as a consequence of sensitivity to abiotic stresses and naturally low virulence. Other naturally occurring biocontrol agents also face these hurdles to successful application, but the availability of complete genomes and recombinant DNA technologies have facilitated design of multiple fungal pathogens with enhanced virulence and stress resistance. Many natural and synthetic genes have been inserted into entomopathogen genomes. Some of the biggest gains in virulence have been obtained using genes encoding neurotoxic peptides, peptides that manipulate host physiology and proteases and chitinases that degrade the insect cuticle. Prokaryotes, particularly extremophiles, are useful sources of genes for improving entomopathogen resistance to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. These biological insecticides are environmentally friendly and cost‐effective insect pest control options. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

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Resistance to solar ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is crucial for field-persistent control efficacies of fungal formulations against arthropod pests, because their active ingredients are formulated conidia very sensitive to solar UV wavelengths. This review seeks to summarize advances in studies aiming to quantify, understand and improve conidial UV resistance. One focus of studies has been on the many sets of genes that have been revealed in the postgenomic era to contribute to or mediate UV resistance in the insect pathogens serving as main sources of fungal insecticides. Such genetic studies have unveiled the broad basis of UV-resistant molecules including cytosolic solutes, cell wall components, various antioxidant enzymes, and numerous effectors and signaling proteins, that function in developmental, biosynthetic and stress-responsive pathways. Another focus has been on the molecular basis and regulatory mechanisms underlying photorepair of UV-induced DNA lesions and photoreactivation of UV-impaired conidia. Studies have shed light upon a photoprotective mechanism depending on not only one or two photorepair-required photolyases, but also two white collar proteins and other partners that play similar or more important roles in photorepair via interactions with photolyases. Research hotspots are suggested to explore a regulatory network of fungal photoprotection and to improve the development and application strategies of UV-resistant fungal insecticides. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.  相似文献   

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White grubs are highly polyphagous and most destructive soil pests inflicting damage to a wide variety of crops. In India, more than 1000 species of white grubs are known of which over 40 species attack wide range of plants. White grubs are naturally infected by various entomopathogens which include fungi, bacteria and nematodes. Entomopathogenic fungi offer great potential and members of genera Beauveria and Metarhizium are widely used against white grubs. Several commercial products of entomopathogenic fungi like Bio Green, ORY-X, Grub X 10G, Betel, Biotrol FMA and Meta-Guard have been developed for the control of white grubs. In India, good control of white grubs in paddy, ginger and sugarcane has been achieved with different entomofungi. Among EPNs, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora is moderately effective against Popillia japonica and Rhizotrogus majalis. H. indica and H. bacteriophora are effective against potato white grubs in India. Paenibacillus popilliae cause milky disease in P. japonica grubs. The bacterium is pathogenic to Holotrichia consanguinea, H. serrata and Leucopholis lepidophora. In north-western Himalaya, B. cereus is highly toxic to the grubs of H. seticollis and Anomala dimidiata.  相似文献   

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草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)是2019年入侵我国的一种迁飞性害虫,已成为严重影响我国玉米生产的重要害虫。目前国内关于草地贪夜蛾昆虫病原真菌的研究报道很少。2019年6月,在云南省曲靖市沾益县安东村玉米田调查发现了被虫生真菌感染的草地贪夜蛾幼虫。经室内分离培养,结合形态和ITS序列相似性分析鉴定确认,感染草地贪夜蛾幼虫病原性真菌为莱氏绿僵菌Metarhizium rileyi,编号为ZYSP190701菌株。调查表明,2019年7月17日田间草地贪夜蛾的莱氏绿僵菌感染率为15.46%±2.52%,8月2日感染率达29.83%±13.71%。用莱氏绿僵菌ZYSP190701菌株1×10~8个/mL孢子浓度接种草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫后第7天时草地贪夜蛾的感染死亡率高达100%。上述结果表明,莱氏绿僵菌ZYSP190701对草地贪夜蛾有良好的生防潜力,具有草地贪夜蛾生防菌剂开发应用的前景。  相似文献   

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蝗虫是世界性重大成灾害虫,时常在草原、沙漠区或农作区暴发为害.当前的非洲沙漠蝗灾害再次提醒人们,蝗灾依然是粮食生产和生态安全的严重威胁.在寻求绿色可持续防蝗的新策略新技术研究中,昆虫病原真菌显现出种类多、毒力强、易规模化生产及环境友好等明显优势而倍受重视.近30年,真菌防蝗研究和应用进步加快,国际、国内都有真菌防蝗产品...  相似文献   

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对云南省昆明市盘龙区侵染红棕象甲Rhynchophorus ferrugineus幼虫的真菌进行了分离培养, 采用形态学特征及ITS-rDNA序列对该菌株进行种类鉴定?在不同培养基?不同条件下研究了该菌株的生物学特性, 采用浸渍法测定了其对红棕象甲不同龄期幼虫的致病力?结果表明, 根据形态学特征及ITS-rDNA序列特征, 侵染红棕象甲幼虫的菌株为球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana, 菌株编号为KMND202111?该菌株在PDA培养基上, 30℃, L∥D=0 h∥24 h条件下生长良好, 菌落日生长速率为4.67 mm/d, 培养至第12天菌落单位面积产孢量为9.09×109个/mm2?该菌株对红棕象甲3龄及6龄幼虫毒力较强, 108个/mL孢子悬浮液接种后第10天, 3龄和6龄幼虫累计校正死亡率分别为100%和76.4%, 致死中时分别为4.88 d和7.64 d?球孢白僵菌KMND202111易于培养, 对红棕象甲3龄及6龄幼虫具有良好的毒力, 具有开发为红棕象甲生防制剂的良好潜力?  相似文献   

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西花蓟马天敌种类及主要种类的控害潜能   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
西花蓟马[Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande)]是国际上备受关注的检疫性有害生物,近年来该虫分布范围不断扩大,对农作物、园林园艺植物的危害日趋加重,发挥天敌对该虫的自然控制作用已引起人们广泛重视。本文根据国内外研究报道,总结和记述了西花蓟马的天敌种类及其主要种类对西花蓟马的控制作用。西花蓟马的天敌约有60种,其中天敌昆虫50种,昆虫病原线虫5种,虫生真菌5种。同时,对主要天敌种类小花蝽、昆虫病原线虫和虫生真菌对西花蓟马的捕食寄生及控制潜力进行了阐述。  相似文献   

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采用液固两相新工艺优质、快速、大量生产白僵菌孢子粉   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本项研究,革新了我国沿用几十年的白僵菌菌剂固体培养的方法,建立了液固两相一体化生产新工艺。调整培养基浓度,采用发酵罐生产菌体,发酵20小时左右即可放罐,用C-4为载体吸附完成发酵后的菌液,不补充任何营养物质和灭菌,经6天培养即可完成整个产孢过程。比传统生产方法缩短一半时间(7天)。用上述方法生产的原菌粉不需粉碎,含孢量达150~200亿/克。采用全密闭式抽风负压分离技术生产的高孢子粉含量平均为1000亿/克。孢子收回率达88%,这一套新工艺研制成功,将为较大规模生产白僵菌制剂提供基本条件。  相似文献   

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昆虫病原线虫作为一种高效的生物防治因子,具有广泛的应用前景.但昆虫病原线虫的生物活性受自然环境影响较大,筛选抗逆优良品系对于更好地推广和应用昆虫病原线虫具有十分重要的意义.为了评价昆虫病原线虫的抗逆性差异及生防潜力,在室内条件下测试了17个采自不同地区的昆虫病原线虫品系对高温、低温及干燥环境的抗性.结果显示:Stein...  相似文献   

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两种昆虫病原线虫防治核桃云斑天牛田间效果评价   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
云斑天牛Batocera lineolata Chevrolat是核桃树的严重蛀干害虫,隐蔽性强,化学、物理防治方法难以奏效,昆虫病原线虫可以主动寻找寄主并在蛀道内建立种群,省工长效。本研究评价了不同剂量(250、500、1000、2000和4000 IJs/mL)的2种昆虫病原线虫(小卷蛾斯氏线虫Steinernema carpocapsae和嗜菌异小杆线虫Heterorhabditis bacteriophora)对核桃云斑天牛卵和幼虫的防治效果。结果表明,2种线虫对天牛卵和幼虫的最终防控效果随施用剂量增大而增强。施用剂量为4000 IJs/mL的小卷蛾斯氏线虫和嗜菌异小杆线虫对该天牛卵的校正防治效率分别达65.0%和39.5%,对幼虫的最终校正防治效率分别达93.8%和82.4%;2种线虫在2000 IJs/mL剂量下对天牛卵的校正防治效率分别达48.8%和32.3%,对幼虫的校正防治效率分别达85.9%和83.4%。从而说明,适宜剂量的昆虫病原线虫对云斑天牛幼虫的田间防控效果好于对卵的效果,可以作为云斑天牛的有效防治技术。  相似文献   

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The fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) is a natural component of soil flora world-wide and is a causal agent of the green muscardine diseases of insects. The use of this pathogen as a potential biocontrol agent against adult females of the blowfly, Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) was considered. The blowfly L sericata is an economically important agent of cutaneous myiasis of sheep, particularly in northern Europe. Exposure of flies to suspensions of fungal spores by immersion, topical application or tarsal contact with treated surfaces all resulted in high levels of fatal infection. Spores suspended in silicone oil resulted in higher levels of infection (50-70%) than those formulated in a 0.3 glitre(-1) solution of the detergent Tween 80 (10-20%). Spore concentration had a significant effect on levels of infection of flies, with the highest levels of mortality (64%) resulting from a suspension of 1 x 10(7) conidia ml(-1). The duration of tarsal contact had a significant effect on levels of infection. Mean infection levels of 30% were observed following exposure of free-flying adults to a single spore-treated, 5 x 15 cm2 cloth surface suspended from the roof of a cage (30 cm cube). The implications of the results for the potential use of M anisopliae in the biocontrol of blowflies are discussed.  相似文献   

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稻白粉虱生物学特性初步观察   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
稻白粉虱在湖南普遍发生,在攸县观察年发生6代,以老龄若虫(假蛹)越冬,5月迁入稻田为害,田间呈不均匀核心分布,世代重叠,为害程度以晚稻重于早稻,4~6月份和8~9月份的气候是影响其发生量的主导因子,应用扑虱灵175mg/kg对其若虫防效达91.5%~95.7%,对卵防效为21.3%~41.8%。  相似文献   

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