双条杉天牛幼虫人工饲料的筛选

双条杉天牛Semanotus bifasciatus(Motschulsky)是柏科树木最严重的钻蛀性害虫之一。开发双条杉天牛的人工饲料是开展该害虫防治技术研究及生物学相关基础研究的重要条件。本研究在参考了其他天牛人工饲料配方的基础上,采用正交试验设计方法设计饲料配方,通过对不同配方饲料对双条杉天牛幼虫的饲养效果进行比较和极差分析,最终筛选出双条杉天牛幼虫的人工饲料最优组合为:琼脂4.7%、蔗糖3.5%、对-羟基苯甲酸甲酯0.5%、酵母粉3.1%、柏树木粉30%、抗坏血酸0.5%以及水。使用该人工饲料可将双条杉天牛幼虫成功喂养至羽化,并且蛹羽化率高达81.25%,总成活率为54.16%。本研究的结果可为天牛科其他天牛人工饲料的开发提供借鉴。     

Botanical insecticides: for richer, for poorer

Botanical insecticides presently play only a minor role in insect pest management and crop protection; increasingly stringent regulatory requirements in many jurisdictions have prevented all but a handful of botanical products from reaching the marketplace in North America and Europe in the past 20 years. Nonetheless, the regulatory environment and public health needs are creating opportunities for the use of botanicals in industrialized countries in situations where human and animal health are foremost--for pest control in and around homes and gardens, in commercial kitchens and food storage facilities and on companion animals. Botanicals may also find favour in organic food production, both in the field and in controlled environments. In this review it is argued that the greatest benefits from botanicals might be achieved in developing countries, where human pesticide poisonings are most prevalent. Recent studies in Africa suggest that extracts of locally available plants can be effective as crop protectants, either used alone or in mixtures with conventional insecticides at reduced rates. These studies suggest that indigenous knowledge and traditional practice can make valuable contributions to domestic food production in countries where strict enforcement of pesticide regulations is impractical.     

杀菌剂生物测定动态评价时间-剂量-抑菌率模型

根据互补重对数数学模型的原理,建立了动态评价杀菌剂抑菌效应的时间-剂量-抑菌率模型,给出了模型参数估计和统计检验方法,并重点讨论了剂量的时间效应和不同时间段的剂量效应。最后提供了该模型的计算机算法实现和应用例子。     

Inverse modelling for estimating sorption and degradation parameters for pesticides

The leaching model PESTRAS was used to estimate sorption and degradation values for bentazone from three lysimeter datasets using the inverse modelling package PEST. Investigations were undertaken to assess the influence on calibration results of (1) values attributed to uncertain parameters not included in the calibration, and (2) starting values supplied to the inverse modelling package. Automatic calibrations with different realistic values for the Freundlich exponent n(f) yielded different combinations of K(om) and DT50. Similarly, the supply of different starting values for K(om) and DT50 revealed that different combinations of these two parameters equally calibrated PESTRAS for two of the three lysimeters. Examination of the error surface, ie the forward running of the model for different combinations of K(om) and DT50 values, and the calculation of the goodness-of-fit to the experimental data, was found useful for identifying those instances where non-uniqueness in the calibration is likely to occur. Although the derivation of sorption and degradation values through inverse modelling is expected to offer significant benefits over laboratory determinations, care should be exercised when examining values derived through this approach. Research is needed to identify data requirements for robust estimation of sorption and degradation parameters through calibration of pesticide fate models against leaching data.     

农药微乳剂简述

本文简述了我国农药剂型现状，并详细介绍了农药微乳荆的特点、优点及其应用前景。     

Monitoring for Success

The use of data gained from monitoring vegetation and soil parameters to enhance the ecological and economic efficacy of range livestock enterprises is not a new concept. I have been involved in several applications of rangeland monitoring to enhance the quality of rangeland environments and to preserve range livestock production as a proper and economically effective means of using such environments.     

顶孢霉Ahy1菌株孢子乳悬剂的配方筛选

采用室内生物测定的方法,从7种食用油,5种乳化剂,5种紫外保护剂和3种抗生素中筛选适合于顶孢霉Ahy1分生孢子粉乳悬剂的助剂配方。结果表明,姜油与顶孢霉Ahy1分生孢子粉混合贮130 d,分生孢子的萌发率最高,对孢子的生物活性无明显影响。在乳化剂、紫外保护剂和抗生素的筛选中, 综合与Ahy1分生孢子粉的湿润力和生物相容性,选择吐温〖CD*2〗80与OP〖CD*2〗10的混剂为Ahy1孢子悬浮剂的乳化剂,十二烷基硫酸钠为湿润剂,腐植酸为紫外保护剂,硫酸链霉素为抗生素。以上助剂与顶孢霉孢子粉均有良好的生物相容性。     

Search for Climatic Models for Forecasting Microtine Outbreaks1

Models for forecasting outbreaks of harmful Microtines are discussed in terms of the three most important types of rodent damage to agriculture and forestry in the European part of EPPO region: problems to field crops by Microtus arvalis and related species, to horticulture and forestry by M. agrestis and some other species, and injury to the underground parts of various crops by Arvicola terrestris. Two models were developed in parallel but independently for M. arvalis, one in the USSR, the other in France; the former approach included M. socialis. A joint Scandinavian project resulted in models for M, agrestis and Clethrionomys glareolus: the outcome is exemplified by the former case and a few comments are given on other types of model development. The probable mechanism of climatic influence through the food chain on the population dynamics of Microtine rodents is discussed and it is concluded that climatic models are a useful tool in planning rodent control strategies. The role of the EPPO Working Party on Field Rodents as a coordinating body in the development of rodent forecasts is also reviewed.     

The search for new insecticides for tsetse fly control

Tests to evaluate candidate insecticides and formulations for tsetse control are described, and some data are presented to indicate that some new synthetic pyrethroids (e.g. permethrin and NRDC 161) are effective for a long period at such extremely low doses that they could have a pronounced influence on future tsetse control operations.     

一种用于显微观察的蓟马标本的制片新方法(英文)

蓟马(昆虫纲:缨翅目)是昆虫纲中有重要经济意义的目之一,由于个体微小,因此需要制作成高质量的玻片在高倍显微镜下观察和研究。如果玻片标本质量欠佳,常常导致无法鉴定其种类。不同的研究中处理蓟马标本的技术和方法各异。本文介绍一种新的制片方法,这一方法需要更少的化学药品,且适合处理深颜色的标本。而且,用这个方法处理的标本清晰,保持其自然体色,这些特征在鉴定种类时是十分必要的。本方法处理标本包括4个步骤:氢氧化钾透明(一般5% ～10%KOH溶液中,常温放置1 ～2 d或者100°C水浴加热1 ～2 h,处置时间随材料大小和颜色的深浅有所变化)、纯酒精脱水(材料透明后转移到纯酒精中浸泡4 ～5 min)、Hoyer s介质装片(滴一滴Hoyer s介质于载玻片中央,而后将脱水后的材料转移至介质中,用细拨针小心整翅、足以及触角的姿态,盖上盖玻片)和干燥贴标签(装片后放置在35 ～45°C烘箱中2 ～3 d或者室温下放置1星期,然后将采集信息、寄主信息以及鉴定表格制成标签,贴于玻片两侧),与其它制片方法相比,此法最简洁。文末对不同的制片方法作了比较和讨论。     

Guide for Authors

<正>Journal of Arid Land(JAL)is an international journal for research in the natural sciences,sponsored by both the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography and Science Press,Chinese Academy of Sciences.It is published quarterly by Science Press,in the final month of each quarter.     

Guide for Authors

<正>Journal of Arid Land (JAL) is an international journal in the natural sciences, sponsored by Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography and Science Press of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and published by Science Press. JAL is a quarterly journal, issued on     

Instructions for Authors

Instructions for Authors

Instructions for Authors     

Guide for Authors

Journal of Arid Land (JAL) is an international journal in the natural sciences, sponsored by Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography and Science Press of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and published by Science Press. JAL is a quarterly jour-