Insecticidal activity of daphnane diterpenes from Lasiosiphon kraussianus (Meisn) (Thymelaeaceae) roots

A methanol extract of roots of Lasiosiphon kraussianus (Meisn) (Thymelaeaceae) showed potent insecticidal activity against Aphis gossypii (Glov) and Drosophila melanogaster (Meig). Bioassay-driven fractionation of this extract led to the isolation and characterisation of two known daphnane diterpenoids: Excoecaria toxin (1) and wikstrotoxin D (2) . The two natural products were inferior to methomyl in activity against A gossypii and Myzus persicae (Sulz) in contact assays but were superior in ingestion assays against D melanogaster. This is the first report on insecticidal activities of compounds 1 and 2 . AChE was insensitive to the two natural products. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

The synthesis and larvicidal activity of N-aroyl-N′-(5-aryl-2-furoyl)ureas

A novel type of diarolyurea compound containing a furan ring has been designed and prepared. Thus, a series of N-aroyl-N′-(5-aryl-2-furoyl)ureas were synthesized by a nucleophilic addition reaction between 5-substituted furamide and aroyl isocyanate in high yield (>80%). Their structures were confirmed by IR, [¹H]NMR and elemental analyses. Bioassay showed that some of them exhibited activity against second-instar larvae of the yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti L.). With the aid of artificial neural network combined with multivariable regression, a preliminary study was made of structure–activity relationship. © 1998 SCI.     

甲酸乙酯熏蒸菜豆象的初步研究

本文利用广口瓶密闭熏蒸法,测定了不同浓度、时间和温度条件下甲酸乙酯对菜豆象的熏蒸效果。结果表明:选用浓度为45μL/L处理24 h或50μL/L处理12 h,均能使其成虫达到90%以上的死亡率,说明甲酸乙酯具有良好的速效性;菜豆象的熏蒸效果随熏蒸浓度的增加、温度的升高和时间的延长而逐渐增强;各虫态耐药性比较表明:甲酸乙酯浓度的高低对菜豆象各虫态耐药性影响较大,低浓度下卵的耐药性最差,而高浓度下成虫和卵的耐药性最差。     

丁香菌酯(SYP-3375)的设计、合成及杀菌活性

以乙酰乙酸乙酯为起始原料,经烷基化、合环、缩合等反应制得新型化合物(E)-2-[2-(3-正丁基-4-甲基-2氧代-7-色烯基氧)甲基苯基]-3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯,即丁香菌酯(SYP-3375),其结构经核磁共振氢谱、红外光谱和元素分析确认。生物活性试验结果表明:丁香菌酯在温室盆栽条件下对黄瓜霜霉病和白粉病的防效均低于对照药剂;在田间小区试验中,丁香菌酯对黄瓜霜霉病在有效成分剂量100 g/hm2下的防治效果与对照药剂烯肟菌酯和嘧菌酯相当;对小麦白粉病在有效成分剂量50和200 g/hm2下的防效略低于对照药剂烯肟菌酯或与之相当。初步的毒性数据表明丁香菌酯属低毒化合物。     

Synthesis and insecticidal activity of 4-perhaloalkoxy (or thioalkyl) benzophenonehydrazone derivatives

Benzophenonehydrazone derivatives containing a mesylate or triflate substituent are known to exhibit insecticidal activity. In the present study, such substituents have been replaced by perhaloalkoxy groups. High levels of activity against lepidopteran pests were observed in greenhouse trials. For optimum activity, the substituents should be relatively small. In semi-field trials, however, none of the compounds tested showed sufficient persistence to warrant further development.     

Increased foliar activity of clodinafop‐propargyl and/or tribenuron‐methyl by surfactants and their synergistic action on wild oat (Avena ludoviciana) and wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis)

Surfactants can improve postemergence herbicide efficacy and reduce the amount of herbicide required to obtain weed control. The effect of surfactants on the efficacy of herbicides is complicated and depends on the interaction among the plant, surfactant, and herbicide. The effects of surfactants on the efficacy of clodinafop‐propargyl and/or tribenuron‐methyl on wild oat (Avena ludoviciana) and wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) under greenhouse conditions were investigated. In addition, the surface tension of aqueous solutions of the surfactants and surfactants + herbicides was determined. Significantly lower surface tension values were obtained with the aqueous solutions of citofrigate (Citogate plus Frigate) alone and with the herbicides used in this study. The citofrigate surfactant lead to the greatest enhancement of clodinafop‐propargyl and/or tribenuron‐methyl efficacy and the effect was species‐dependent. The efficacy of clodinafop‐propargyl and/or tribenuron‐methyl in the presence of surfactants in controlling wild oat was higher than for wild mustard. The foliar activity of the tested herbicides rose with increasing surfactant concentrations. The tank mixture of clodinafop‐propargyl and tribenuron‐methyl showed a synergistic effect in controlling wild oat and wild mustard. The synergistic effect in controlling wild mustard was greater than for wild oat.     

N-(4-取代氨基磺酰基)苯基-酮基蒎酸酰胺的合成及生物活性

以D-(+)-樟脑磺酸为原料,经酰氯化和氧化反应制备得到酮基蒎酸(3),再经酰氯化得到酮基蒎酸酰氯(4)。4与对氨基苯磺酰胺类化合物发生N-酰化反应,得到8个未见文献报道的N-(4-取代氨基磺酰基)苯基-酮基蒎酸酰胺(5a~5h),其结构均经红外、质谱、核磁共振氢谱和碳谱确证。初步生物活性测试结果表明:目标化合物均有不同程度的杀菌和除草活性,其中5c(R=4-甲基嘧啶-2-基)在50μg/mL下对番茄早疫病菌Alternaria solani的抑制率达90.4%,化合物5e(R=噻唑-2-基)在100μg/mL下对油菜Brassica campestris胚根生长的抑制率达92.1%。     

交枝顶孢霉杀柑橘全爪螨活性及其生物学特性研究

为了明确交枝顶孢霉Acremonium implicatum CQBBW8的杀螨活性及其生物学特性,采用触杀毒力法检测CQBBW8菌株对柑橘全爪螨的致死率,通过单因素试验测试不同培养基、碳源、氮源、温度、pH及紫外线对CQBBW8菌株生长、产孢及其分生孢子萌发的影响。结果表明,CQBBW8菌株对柑橘全爪螨Panonychus citri(McGregor)的校正致死率为54.42%,LC_(50)为1.2×10~6个/mL,LT_(50)值为5.175 9d。最佳生长和产孢培养基分别为PDA和SEA;菌丝生长最适碳源和氮源为甘露醇和蛋白胨,产孢最适碳源和氮源为可溶性淀粉和氯化铵;最适生长温度为25℃,最适产孢和分生孢子萌发温度为30℃;最适生长和产孢pH为6.0,最适萌发pH为7.0;紫外线对菌丝生长影响不明显,对产孢影响较大,紫外线照射时间越长,孢子萌发率越高。综上,CQBBW8菌株对柑橘全爪螨有较强的毒力,对营养需求不高,环境适应性较强,具有开发为杀螨真菌制剂的潜力。     

5-(4-氨基苯基/苄基)-2,4-咪唑啉二酮芳基磺酰胺的合成及其生物活性

以5-(4-氨基苯基/苄基)-2,4-咪唑啉二酮为原料,在三乙胺或吡啶作傅酸剂的条件下与取代磺酰氯反应,得到44个新的5-(4-氨基苯基/苄基)-2,4-咪唑啉二酮芳基磺酰胺类化合物,其结构均经1H NM R、HR-M S和元素分析确证。初步生物活性测试结果表明,部分化合物对供试植物病原菌和稗草Echinochloa crusgalli显现出一定的抑制活性,其中化合物4p和4u在50μg/m L下对油菜菌核病菌Sclerotinia scleotiorum的抑制率分别为76.0%和75.2%,化合物3j在100μg/m L下对稗草生长的抑制率为50%。     

氨基甲酸-2-氯吡啶-5-甲酯化合物的合成与抑菌活性

以芳香硝基化合物、2-氯-5-吡啶甲醇和一氧化碳为原料,在Pd-Fe/TiO2催化下进行羰基化反应,合成了11个新型氨基甲酸-2-氯吡啶-5-甲酯化合物,其结构经 1H NMR和MS表征。初步抑菌活性测定结果表明:在50 mg/L下,大多数目标化合物对4种供试病原菌具有一定的抑制活性,其中化合物 3f (4-甲氧基苯基氨基甲酸-2-氯吡啶-5-甲酯、3h (2,4-二氯苯基氨基甲酸-2-氯吡啶-5-甲酯)和 3j (3,4-二氯苯基氨基甲酸-2-氯吡啶-5-甲酯)对小麦赤霉病菌Gibberella zeae的抑制率达77.3%以上, 3f 对苹果轮纹病菌Physalospora piricola的抑制率达82.5%,与对照药多菌灵接近;所有化合物在50 mg/L下对番茄灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea的抑制活性均优于对照药多菌灵。     

5-(羟基亚甲基)-2,4-咪唑啉二酮酯的合成及除草活性

在实验室原有的AdSS酶抑制剂研究工作基础上,以丝氨酸为原料设计合成了9个未见文献报道的2,4-咪唑啉二酮酯类化合物,其结构经核磁共振氢谱、红外光谱、元素分析或质谱等验证。初步生物活性测试结果表明,化合物 3g 在质量浓度200 μ g/mL下对拟南芥Arabidopsis thaliana的发芽抑制率达到70%,表现出一定的除草活性。     

Dimethoxypyrimidines as novel herbicides. Part 4. Quantitative structure–activity relationships of dimethoxypyrimidinyl(thio)salicylic acids

The activity of a number of O-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)salicylic acids and their thio analogs inhibiting acetolactate synthase (ALS) preparation was measured. The effects of substituents on the salicylic-benzene ring on the inhibitory activity were analyzed quantitatively with physicochemical substituent parameters. For 6-substituted (thio)salicylic acids, the activity was shown to vary parabolically with the ‘intramolecular’ steric parameter ( E_s ). In addition, the higher steric dimension of substituents in terms of the STERIMOL width or length parameter lowered the activity. The field-inductive electron-withdrawing property of the 6-substituents in terms of the Swain–Lupton–Hansch F was favorable for the activity of salicylic acid series. In 5-substituted salicylic acids, the activity was increased by electron-donating substituents with smaller size. The relationships between ALS inhibitory and herbicidal activities were also analyzed with some weed species. Both pre- and post-emergence activities against barnyard grass, Echinochloa crus-galli, were linearly related to the ALS inhibitory activity after allowing for the hydrophobic factor that may contribute to the transport processes. Those against two broad-leaved weed species, Polygonum convolvulus and Abutilon theophrasti were linearly related to the in-vitro activity with no significant participation of the hydrophobic factor. © 1998 SCI     

Synthesis and insecticidal/acaricidal activity of novel 3‐(2,4,6‐trisubstituted phenyl)uracil derivatives

A series of novel 3‐(2,4,6‐trisubstituted phenyl)uracil derivatives has been synthesised and assayed for insecticidal/acaricidal activity. The assay indicated certain requirements for optimal insecticidal activity, which can be summarised as follows: (a) the substituents on the phenyl ring should possess hydrophobicity and electron‐withdrawing properties, and the sum of their volumes determines the level of activity; (b) the substituent at the 6‐position on the uracil ring should also possess electron‐withdrawing properties and hydrophobicity, together with the correct volume; (c) the 1‐position on the uracil ring should be unsubstituted for activity against Nephotettix cincticeps and Epilachna vigintioctopunctata, but substituents with length C3 to C4 may be optimal for activity against Tetranychus urticae; (d) certain substituents at the 5‐position of the uracil ring give activity against E vigintioctopunctata and T urticae, but not against N cincticeps; (e) a thiocarbonyl group at the 2‐position of the uracil ring is less effective than a carbonyl group. Of the compounds assayed, 3‐(2,6‐dichloro‐4‐trifluoromethylphenyl)‐6‐trifluoromethyluracil showed high activity against all the species assayed. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

藜不同溶剂提取物的杀蚜活性

以萝卜蚜为试虫,对4种不同溶剂藜提取物的杀蚜活性进行了研究。结果表明,石油醚和乙醇提取物的杀虫活性最为显著,对萝卜蚜有很强的触杀和拒食作用,石油醚提取物72 h的平均拒食率为73.33%,拒食中浓度AFC_(50)为61.731 mg/mL,触杀校正死亡率为97.69%,LC_(50)为22.431 mg/mL;乙醇提取物72 h的触杀校正死亡率为93.82%,LC_(50)为34.698 mg/mL,与对照组具有显著差异。此外,藜其他溶剂提取物也表现出一定的杀蚜活性。