Effects of Resveratrol on in vitro Fertilization of Sheep Oocytes

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of resveratrol (RES) at different concentrations (0,0.5,2.0,5.0 μmol/L) on in vitro fertilization (IVF) and antioxidant capacity of ovine oocytes and the secretion of steroid hormones by cumulus cells.Sheep oocytes were fertilized in vitro after maturated in different concentrations of RES for 24 h,and the in vitro maturation (IVM) medium was collected for detecting the enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD),glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and the content of monochrome display adapter (MDA).The ELISA method was used to detect the concentration of estradiol (E₂) and progesterone (P₄).The results showed that when compared to the control group,adding 0.5 μmol/L RES to the IVM medium significantly increased the cleavage rate (P<0.05),but had no significant effect on the fertilization rate and blastocyst rate (P>0.05);5.0 μmol/L RES significantly reduced the fertilization rate,cleavage rate and blastocyst rate (P<0.05),which had an inhibitory effect on embryonic development.Adding 0.5 μmol/L RES to IVM and IVC (in vitro culture,IVC) medium significantly increased the fertilization rate,cleavage rate and blastocyst rate (P<0.05).Compared to the control group,the addition of RES to IVM solution had a certain inhibitory effect on the secretion of E₂ by cumulus cells,5.0 μmol/L RES significantly reduced E₂ concentration (P<0.05);0.5 μmol/L RES significantly increased the P₄ secretion of cumulus cells (P<0.05).0.5 and 2.0 μmol/L RES increased the activity of SOD,GSH-Px and other enzymes,but there was no significant difference when compared with the control group (P>0.05),but significantly reduced MDA content (P<0.05),while 5.0 μmol/L RES significantly reduced the activity of antioxidant enzymes and increased the content of MDA (P>0.05).In conclusion,0.5 μmol/L RES simultaneously added to IVM and IVC medium could enhance the antioxidant capacity of oocytes and concentration of P₄,and reduced the content of MDA,thus improved the cleavage rate and blastocyst rate.     

白藜芦醇对绵羊卵母细胞体外受精的影响

本试验旨在研究不同浓度（0、0.5、2.0、5.0 μmol/L）白藜芦醇（resveratrol,RES）对绵羊卵母细胞体外受精（in vitro fertilization,IVF）、卵母细胞抗氧化能力及卵丘细胞分泌类固醇激素的影响。绵羊卵母细胞在含不同浓度RES的体外成熟（in vitro maturation,IVM）液中培养24 h以后进行体外受精,并收集IVM液,测定超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px）的活性及脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（monochrome display adapter,MDA）的含量;用酶联免疫法测定雌二醇（estradiol,E₂）和孕酮（progesterone,P₄）的浓度。研究结果表明,与对照组相比,在IVM液中添加0.5 μmol/L RES显著提高卵裂率（P<0.05）,但对受精率和囊胚率没有显著影响（P>0.05）;5.0 μmol/L RES显著降低受精率、卵裂率和囊胚率（P<0.05）,对胚胎发育有抑制作用;在IVM和体外培养（in vitro culture,IVC）液中分别添加0.5 μmol/L RES均显著提高受精率、卵裂率和囊胚率（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,在IVM液中添加RES对卵丘细胞分泌E₂有一定的抑制作用,5.0 μmol/L RES显著降低E₂浓度（P<0.05）;0.5 μmol/L RES显著提高卵丘细胞P₄分泌量（P<0.05）。0.5和2.0 μmol/L RES增加SOD和GSH-Px等酶的活性,但与对照组相比无显著差异（P>0.05）,却显著降低MDA含量（P<0.05）;而5.0 μmol/L RES显著降低抗氧化酶活性并增加MDA含量（P<0.05）。综上所述,在IVM和IVC液中同时添加0.5 μmol/L RES,通过增强卵母细胞抗氧化能力和P₄的浓度,并降低MDA含量,从而提高胚胎卵裂率和囊胚率。     

The effect of insulin and relaxin upon mitosis (in vitro) in mammary tissue from pregnant and lactating pigs

The rate of cellular proliferation in the mammary glands of pigs during late gestation and lactation was assessed by measuring the incorporation of ³H-thymidine (T₁) into the DNA of mammary gland explants in vitro. The T₁ showed a linear response over the first 9 hr in vitro, and was not affected by the addition of 500 ng insulin/ml medium. From day 100 to parturition the T₁ rose, reached a peak at 2 d after parturition and declined during lactation to the lowest levels seen at day 21 of lactation.

The inclusion of 0–1000 ng relaxin/ml medium on T₁ at 24–72 hr in vitro had no effect in stimulating T₁ in mammary tissue explants taken from either pregnant or lactating pigs.     

白藜芦醇对体外培养的水牛卵丘细胞增殖活力及其相关基因mRNA表达的影响

[目的] 研究白藜芦醇（resveratrol,RES）对水牛卵丘细胞体外培养过程中细胞增殖活力、激素分泌、卵丘扩展及抗凋亡和抗氧化能力的影响。[方法] 用不同浓度（0（对照组）、1、10、20、30、40、50和60 μmol/L）RES培养卵丘细胞,用CCK-8试剂盒测定细胞增殖活力,筛选最佳RES处理浓度及时间用于后续试验。用ELISA法测定培养液中卵丘细胞分泌的雌二醇（estradiol,E₂）和孕酮（progesterone,P₄）的含量,实时荧光定量PCR法测定卵丘细胞扩展、凋亡和抗氧化相关基因的相对表达量。[结果] 与对照组相比,在体外培养24~36 h内,1、10和20 μmol/L RES组水牛卵丘细胞的增殖活力均有升高趋势,10 μmol/L RES处理36 h细胞活力最强,因此用于后续试验中细胞的处理。体外培养36 h时,10 μmol/L RES组细胞增殖能力和E₂、P₄的分泌显著增加（P<0.05）;10 μmol/L RES组卵丘细胞扩展相关基因穿透素3（PTX3）、前列腺素内过氧化物合酶2（PTGS2）、抗凋亡基因B淋巴细胞瘤-2（Bcl-2）和超氧化物歧化酶1（SOD1）基因mRNA相对表达量显著或极显著增加（P<0.05;P<0.01）,而促凋亡基因Bcl-2相关蛋白（Bax）、半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3（Caspase-3）和p21的表达量显著或极显著降低（P<0.05;P<0.01）,透明质酸合酶2（HAS2）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的表达量无显著差异（P>0.05）。[结论] 培养液中添加10 μmol/L RES能够提高水牛卵丘细胞体外培养的增殖活力,促进卵丘细胞激素分泌和卵丘细胞扩展,并增强卵丘细胞抗氧化能力并减少细胞凋亡。     

Effect of Human Menopausal Gonadotropin,17β-estradiol and Epidermal Growth Factor on the Quality of in vitro Maturation Bovine Oocytes

For optimizing in vitro maturation system of bovine oocytes,we firstly examined the influence of four different hormonal regimes(FSH+LH,HMG,FSH+LH+E₂ and HMG+E₂) on oocyte maturation rates.Then we studied the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the above defined medium on bovine oocyte maturation,in vitro development and quality of parthenogenetic embryos.The cell apoptotic index of parthenogenetic blastocysts was detected by TUNEL.No significant difference was observed in maturation rates in four groups supplemented with different hormones.However,human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) provided steady maturation results in replicates.Maturation of oocytes was promoted by supplementation with 17β-estradiol (E₂).Combination of HMG and E₂ gave rise to steady and efficient mature results.The presence of EGF at 30 ng/mL concentration significantly increased maturation rate and blastocyst rate and reduced apoptotic cells in parthenogenetic blastocysts.Therefore,the optimal oocyte maturation solution could be supplemented with 0.075 IU/mL HMG,1 μg/mL E₂ and 30 ng/mL EGF.     

人尿促性腺激素、雌二醇及表皮生长因子对牛卵母细胞体外成熟质量的影响

试验旨在研究不同激素配比及表皮生长因子(EGF)浓度对牛卵母细胞体外成熟及卵母细胞质量的影响。将随机分组的卵丘-卵母细胞复合体于添加FSH+LH、HMG、FSH+LH+E₂、HMG+E₂ 4种不同激素组合配比的成熟基础液中培养,对比其体外成熟率,比较了EGF对牛卵母细胞体外成熟率和孤雌胚胎体外发育的影响,并采用TUNEL法检测添加不同浓度EGF的牛孤雌激活囊胚细胞凋亡情况。结果表明,添加HMG的成熟试验结果稳定,E₂对牛卵母细胞成熟有一定的促进作用,HMG+E₂联合使用可以得到高效稳定的成熟结果;在此基础上,在成熟液中添加30 ng/mL EGF对牛卵母细胞的成熟质量、胚胎发育及降低胚胎细胞凋亡都有明显的促进作用。因此,在体外成熟培养液中添加0.075 IU/mL HMG、1 μg/mL E₂和30 ng/mL EGF对牛卵母细胞的成熟和质量较为有益。     

双氢睾酮通过调控孕酮、雌二醇和细胞凋亡参与绵羊子宫功能

旨在探究双氢睾酮（dihydrotestosterone,DHT）是否通过调节孕酮（progesterone,P₄）、雌二醇（oestrogen,E₂）和细胞凋亡参与影响绵羊子宫功能,以揭示其在绵羊生殖生理中的潜在作用。本试验以1.5岁左右的雌性小尾寒羊为试验动物,检测卵泡期、黄体期和妊娠期子宫中DHT合成酶和雄激素受体（androgen receptor,AR）的表达变化。随后,体外培养绵羊子宫内膜上皮细胞,并用DHT （10^-10~10^-7 mol·L^-1）和AR拮抗剂氟他胺（Flu,10^-8 mol·L^-1）处理（n=3）。通过酶联免疫吸附试验、细胞免疫荧光、蛋白质印迹法和实时荧光定量PCR检测P₄和E₂水平、合成酶和受体表达。此外,还检测经DHT和Flu处理后,绵羊子宫内膜上皮细胞中凋亡因子Bcl-2相关X蛋白（Bcl-2-associated X protein,Bax）、B细胞淋巴瘤蛋白2（B cell lymphoma protein 2,Bcl-2）、半胱天冬酶3（caspase 3,CASP3）和活化半胱天冬酶3（active-caspase 3,Act-CASP3）的表达变化。结果表明,绵羊子宫不同时期DHT的合成和AR的表达存在差异,妊娠期子宫DHT合成及AR表达显著低于卵泡期和黄体期（P<0.05）。10^-10~10^-7 mol·L^-1DHT处理后,P₄合成酶表达显著上调（P<0.05）,在10^-8~10^-7 mol·L^-1 DHT时P₄合成显著增加（P<0.05）,在10^-10~10^-8 mol·L^-1 DHT时孕酮受体蛋白表达显著增加（P<0.05）,但10^-7mol·L^-1 DHT时孕酮受体蛋白表达显著下降（P<0.05）;在10^-8~10^-7 mol·L^-1 DHT时E₂相关合成酶显著减少,并且E₂水平显著下降（P<0.05）,在10^-9和10^-7 mol L^-1 DHT时E₂受体ERα蛋白显著下调（P<0.05）,在10^-10~10^-7 mol·L^-1 DHT时ERβ和GPER显著增加（P<0.05）。经Flu处理后部分解除DHT对P₄和E₂的调控。此外,10^-10~10^-7 mol·L^-1 DHT显著促进子宫内膜上皮细胞凋亡（P<0.05）。本研究证实DHT至少部分通过AR调节P₄和E₂合成及受体表达,影响细胞凋亡,参与调节子宫功能,这为进一步阐明雄激素参与调节子宫功能提供了新的基础和相关数据。     

水牛发情周期生殖激素变化规律及唾液结晶的分析

试验对水牛发情周期血清和唾液中雌二醇(E_2)和孕酮(P_4)的浓度变化规律、水牛唾液结晶与卵泡发育变化分别进行了分析研究,为进一步探讨水牛发情规律、指导生产提供依据。采用酶联免疫分析法(ELISA)测定发情母水牛血清和唾液中E_2和P_4的浓度变化,并对血清和唾液的激素变化规律进行相关性分析。结果表明,水牛血清和唾液中的E_2和P_4呈波动性变化。发情前期,唾液中P_4浓度一直维持在6.50～7.10 ng/mL,发情第13天达到11.09 ng/mL,随后快速下降。唾液中E_2浓度在发情第3～5天出现一个峰值178.53 pg/mL,在第14～17天唾液中E_2浓度显著升高,出现第二个峰值179.10 pg/mL。母水牛唾液中E_2和P_4浓度的变化趋势与其在血清中的变化趋势基本一致,均呈显著相关(P<0.05);唾液中E_2与P_4浓度呈极显著相关(P<0.01)。水牛发情当天唾液结晶呈现明显的蕨类作物形状且分维值显著低于其他时间点(P<0.05)。水牛发情周期唾液结晶图形的变化与卵巢卵泡发育基本同步,可作为监测水牛发情及预测排卵的可靠指标之一。     

芦荟大黄素对衰老蛋鸡卵泡氧化应激的缓解作用

旨在提高衰老蛋鸡的产蛋量,蛋鸡腹腔注射10 mg·kg^-1芦荟大黄素,每天1次,连续7 d,研究天然的芦荟大黄素对580日龄(D580)衰老蛋鸡卵巢重量、卵泡数量和体重变化的影响。本试验建立D-gal诱导的衰老卵泡模型,探究芦荟大黄素对卵泡衰老过程中抗氧化能力、细胞凋亡和增殖的影响,然后检测芦荟大黄素对体外衰老卵泡模型中Nrf2/HO-1信号通路相关蛋白和基因表达水平的影响,以及Nrf2激活剂和阻断剂对芦荟大黄素引起的衰老卵泡氧化应激缓解作用的变化。结果表明,芦荟大黄素处理可提高各级卵泡的数量(P < 0.05),其中,大黄卵泡、小黄卵泡、大白卵泡和小白卵泡数量分别提高32.00%、34.62%、50.00%和54.21%。同时,芦荟大黄素处理使D580蛋鸡血清中雌二醇(E₂)和孕酮(P₄)水平分别提高34.14%和680.00%。芦荟大黄素处理还可提高卵泡中雌激素受体(ERα和ERβ)和肝中甘油三酯(triglyceride, TG)的含量(P < 0.05)。D580蛋鸡肝组织中脂肪酸合成相关基因的转录水平显著下调,但芦荟大黄素处理可提升这些基因的转录水平。此外,芦荟大黄素通过提高卵泡抗氧化酶的活性、Nrf2/HO-1信号通路相关蛋白和基因的表达,缓解自然衰老和D-gal诱导的衰老卵泡的氧化应激。芦荟大黄素处理可促进衰老卵泡细胞增殖,抑制其凋亡。综上表明,芦荟大黄素通过激活Nrf2/HO-1信号通路缓解蛋鸡卵泡的氧化应激,提升蛋鸡衰老过程中卵泡雌激素受体基因和肝卵黄生成相关基因的表达量、血清E₂和P₄水平、卵泡抗氧化能力以及肝TG合成能力,从而缓解卵泡衰老。     

活性氧对猪卵母细胞SUMO-1表达及其质量的影响

本研究旨在调查活性氧过氧化氢（hydrogen peroxide,H₂O₂）对猪卵母细胞体外成熟（in vitro maturation,IVM）过程中蛋白质类泛素SUMO-1表达及精-卵结合能力的影响。试验分为0（control）、10、50、75和100 μg/mL H₂O₂处理组。利用Western blotting、流式细胞术、实时荧光定量PCR、Hoechst染色等方法检测猪卵母细胞体外成熟、蛋白质类泛素SUMO-1含量、细胞活力、凋亡基因mRNA表达、透明带（zona pellucid,ZP）溶解度和精子-卵母细胞结合的表达。结果表明,75 μg/mL H₂O₂组与对照组、10和50 μg/mL H₂O₂组比较卵母细胞体外成熟率及细胞活力显著降低;75 μg/mL H₂O₂组与其他H₂O₂组相比ZP溶解时间显著延长,并减少了精子黏附在成熟卵母细胞透明带上的数量（P<0.05）。在77和18 ku处出现SUMO-1蛋白标记,75 μg/mL H₂O₂组与对照组、10和50 μg/mL H₂O₂组比较SUMO-1蛋白含量显著降低（P<0.05）。75 μg/mL H₂O₂与对照组、10和50 μg/mL H₂O₂组比较显著下调了Bcl-2基因,而Caspase-3基因表达与对照组和10 μg/mL H₂O₂组比较显著升高（P<0.05）,50 μg/mL H₂O₂与对照组和10 μg/mL H₂O₂组相比显著上调了Bax基因水平（P<0.05）。综上所述,H₂O₂能调控猪卵母细胞体外成熟过程中类泛素化水平以及精-卵结合能力。     

可变剪接体WNT4-β对山羊卵泡颗粒细胞增殖和激素分泌的影响

旨在研究WNT4的一个可变剪接体（WNT4-β）对山羊卵泡颗粒细胞增殖的影响。本研究选取4~6月龄健康母羊20只,采集双侧卵巢,体外分离卵泡颗粒细胞进行培养。通过免疫荧光染色技术确定WNT4-β的表达位置;在山羊颗粒细胞中过表达或干扰WNT4-β后,利用RT-qPCR、Western blot检测WNT4-β和WNT信号通路中关键标记因子ROA1、RHOA及颗粒细胞增殖标记基因cyclin-D2、CDK4的表达变化;CCK-8技术检测颗粒细胞增殖情况;并通过ELISA分析颗粒细胞中生殖激素水平的变化。免疫荧光染色结果显示,WNT4-β只在山羊卵泡颗粒细胞中表达,在卵母细胞不表达;过表达WNT4-β后,WNT4-β和颗粒细胞增殖因子cyclin-D2、CDK4的mRNA相对表达量极显著增加（P<0.01）,蛋白表达水平显著增加（P<0.05）;WNT信号通路标记因子ROA1、RHOA mRNA表达水平显著增加（P<0.05）,β-catenin蛋白表达水平显著增加（P<0.05）;干扰WNT4-β后,WNT4-β、cyclin-D2、CDK4、ROA1和RHOA 的mRNA表达显著降低（P<0.05）,WNT4-β、cyclin-D2、CDK4及β-catenin蛋白表达显著降低（P<0.05）。CCK-8结果显示,过表达WNT4-β促进颗粒细胞增殖（P<0.05）;ELISA结果显示,过表达WNT4-β后,颗粒细胞中雌二醇（estradiol,E₂）水平显著增加（P<0.05）,孕酮（progesterone,P₄）水平升高但不显著（P>0.05）;干扰WNT4-β后则结果相反,颗粒细胞增殖受到抑制（P<0.05）,E₂和P₄的水平显著降低（P<0.05）。综上所述,WNT4可变剪接体WNT4-β通过调控WNT信号通路促进山羊卵泡颗粒细胞增殖及类固醇激素分泌,本研究为解析WNT4调控山羊颗粒细胞增殖的潜在分子机制提供理论基础。     

Effect of a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor on in vitro and in vivo secretion of estradiol and on the estrous cycle in ewes.

Three experiments were performed to study effects of decreased concentrations of estradiol-17β (E₂) on lifespan and function of ensuing ovine corpora lutea (CL). In experiment 1, 52 follicles were collected from 10 ewes and placed into individual culture with 0 or .01 μCi ³H-androstenedione (10 ng; ³H-A) and 0, 10⁻¹¹, 10⁻⁹, 10⁻⁷, or 10⁻⁵ M of a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor, CGS16949A (CGS). Concentrations of E₂ secreted into the medium, and synthesis of estrogens as estimated by formation of ³H-water from ³H-A were decreased by 10⁻⁵ and 10⁻⁷ (P<.01), but not 10⁻⁹ or 10⁻¹¹ M CGS. In experiment 2, luteolysis was induced in 24 ewes by injection of PGF₂ on days 5 to 10 of the estrous cycle (0 hr). Ewes received 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 or 4.0 mg CGS per kg BW i.v. at −12, 0, 12 and 24 hr, and an ovulatory dose of hCG at 36 hr. Jugular (P<.001) and vena caval (P<.001) concentrations of E₂ were decreased by CGS at all doses tested for 8 to 10 hr, but had returned to levels similar to control ewes by the time of the next injection. Concentrations of E₂ around the time of the LH surge were similar in control and treated ewes. During the subsequent luteal phase, concentrations of progesterone (P₄) were similar in control and treated ewes. Thus, transient decreases in E₂ during the follicular phase were not deleterious to the subsequent luteal phase. In experiment 3, luteolysis was induced in 18 ewes by injection of PGF₂ on days 6 or 7 (0 hr) of the estrous cycle. Ewes received 0 or 1 mg CGS per kg BW i.v. every 8 hr from 0 to 40 hr. Ovulation was induced with hCG at 36 hr. CGS reduced jugular (P<.001) and vena caval (P<.001) concentrations of E₂, prevented an endogenous surge of LH (P<.05) and increased (P<.001) concentrations of FSH. All ewes had ovulated a marked follicle by 72 hr, but onset of the luteal phase, as assessed by concentrations of P₄, was delayed (P<.01) in ewes receiving CGS. Delayed luteal phases were not solely attributable to the presence of new CL or to luteinization of follicular cysts. When data were aligned according to the day ewes were observed in estrus, profiles of P₄ did not differ with treatment. Therefore, normal luteal function ensued following estrus whether or not ewes re-ovulated. In conclusion, decreased secretion of E₂ by the preovulatory follicle was not involved in the ontogeny of CL of short lifespan or subnormal function. Instead, adequate production of E₂ or precisely timed E₂ secretion may be required during follicular development for subsequent functional luteinization.     

黄体期注射PGF2α对母羊血清生殖激素及相关细胞因子的影响

旨在研究黄体期不同阶段注射前列腺激素(PGF2α)对育成母羊生殖激素和生殖相关细胞因子的影响。本研究选择健康、体况良好、体重相近、发情周期正常的湖羊育成母羊60只,用“孕酮栓(MAP)+PMSG”法进行发情周期同步化处理后,选择发情正常的48只母羊随机均分为6组。发情当天记为第0天,黄体前期试验组、中期试验组和末期试验组母羊分别在第6(黄体前期)、11(黄体中期)、16天(黄体末期)注射1 mL PGF2α(0.1 mg),黄体前期对照组、中期对照组和末期对照组母羊分别在第6、11、16天注射1 mL生理盐水,每次注射后0.5、1、2、3 h采血,用于血液指标检测。结果表明,所有试验组和对照组母羊于注射后的0.5~3 h间血清中FSH、LH、PRL、P₄、E₂水平以及TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IFN-β无显著变化(P＞0.05);母羊在黄体期不同阶段注射PGF2α对0.5、1、2、3 h血清中FSH、LH、PRL及IL-1β、IFN-β无显著影响(P＞0.05),前期试验组注射后3 h P₄水平显著低于前期对照组,E₂和IL-6水平显著高于前期对照组(P＜0.05),前期试验组注射后2和3 h TNF-α水平显著高于前期对照组(P＜0.05);中期试验组注射后1 h P₄水平显著低于中期对照组(P＜0.05)。黄体前期注射PGF2α后,前期试验组0.5~ 3 h内FSH、E₂、TNF-α、IL-6整体水平显著高于前期对照组(P＜0.05),P₄整体水平显著低于前期对照组(P＜0.05),对LH、PRL、IL-1β和IFN-β无显著影响(P＞0.05);黄体中期注射PGF2α后,中期试验组0.5~3 h内E₂整体水平显著高于中期对照组(P＜0.05),P₄整体水平显著低于中期对照组(P＜0.05),对FSH、LH、PRL、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6和IFN-β无显著影响(P＞0.05);黄体末期注射PGF2α对生殖激素与相关细胞因子没有显著性影响(P＞0.05)。本研究结果表明,PGF2α对黄体的溶解作用存在阶段性差异,母羊在黄体前期对PGF2α的短期应答反应强于黄体中、末期,且黄体前期时,卵巢可以响应PGF2α为卵泡发育营造更佳的发育环境。     

单宁酸对猪卵母细胞体外成熟及胚胎发育能力的影响

研究旨在探讨单宁酸对猪卵母细胞体外成熟质量及其胚胎发育能力的影响。在猪卵丘卵母细胞复合体（COCs）体外成熟培养液中添加不同浓度（0、1、10、100 μg/mL）单宁酸培养42 h后,检测COCs的扩散程度和卵丘细胞扩散指数,统计COCs的体外成熟率,检测成熟卵母细胞内谷胱甘肽（glutathione,GSH）、活性氧（reactive oxygen species,ROS）和生长分化因子9（growth differentiation factor 9,GDF9）的水平,并统计孤雌激活及体外受精胚胎48和168 h的卵裂率、囊胚率及囊胚总细胞数。结果显示,与对照组相比,10 μg/mL单宁酸组卵丘细胞扩散指数显著提高（P<0.05）,100 μg/mL单宁酸组显著降低（P<0.05）;1和10 μg/mL单宁酸组卵母细胞成熟率差异不显著（P>0.05）,100 μg/mL单宁酸组卵母细胞成熟率显著降低（P<0.05）;1和10 μg/mL单宁酸组GSH和GDF9水平显著提高（P<0.05）,ROS水平显著降低（P<0.05）。孤雌胚胎和体外受精胚胎发育能力结果显示,与对照组相比,各单宁酸组卵裂率差异不显著（P>0.05）,10 μg/mL单宁酸组孤雌胚胎囊胚率及体外受精胚胎囊胚率显著提高（P<0.05）,100 μg/mL单宁酸组孤雌胚胎囊胚细胞数及体外受精胚胎囊胚细胞数均显著低于其他各组（P<0.05）。以上结果表明,10 μg/mL单宁酸可通过提高卵丘细胞扩散能力及GSH和GDF9水平、降低卵母细胞内ROS水平,改善猪卵母细胞成熟质量,提高孤雌胚胎及体外受精胚胎的发育能力。     

Contribution of AIDA-I to the pathogenicity of a porcine diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and to intestinal colonization through biofilm formation in pigs

In order to evaluate the role of the AIDA-I of porcine diarrheagenic Escherichia coli strain PD20 serogroup O143 (AIDA-I⁺, STb⁺), a mutant strain PD20M (AIDA-I⁻, STb⁺) was generated from strain PD20 by an allelic exchange procedure. In addition, the full-length aidA gene was reintroduced into strain PD20M to generate the complemented strain PD20C (pTaidA, AIDA-I⁺, STb⁺). A non-pathogenic E. coli strain PD71 was used as negative control. Each strain was inoculated to newborn pigs via stomach tube. Severity of diarrhea was evaluated clinically and intestinal colonization was assessed by histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) including immunogold electron microscopy (IGEM). The adhesion pattern to HeLa cells, bacterial auto-aggregation and biofilm formation were evaluated in vitro. Pigs infected with strains PD20 or PD20C developed diarrhea 16 and 28 h after inoculation, respectively, in contrast to pigs infected with strains PD20M or PD71. Histology, IHC, TEM and IGEM examinations showed heavy bacterial colonization with biofilm formation in the large intestine, and marked in vivo expression of AIDA-I protein in pigs infected with strains PD20 or PD20C in contrast to pigs infected with strains PD20M or PD71. The in vitro assays showed marked diffuse adherence to HeLa cells, enhanced bacterial auto-aggregation and significant biofilm formation (p < 0.05) by the AIDA-I⁺ strains, when compared to AIDA-I⁻ strains. These results demonstrate that expression of AIDA-I is essential for intestinal colonization and in vitro bacterial autoaggregation and biofilm formation. Thus, AIDA-I may be considered a significant virulence determinant in development of diarrhea caused by porcine diarrheagenic AIDA-I⁺ E. coli PD20 in piglets.     

Effects of Estrogen and Progesterone on Canine Endometrial Stromal Cells Proliferation and Progesterone Receptor Expression

In this study different digestion and isolation methods were applied to obtain canine endometrial stromal cells (ESCs), different concentration levels were set for estrogen (E₂) and progesterone (P₄), then MTT method was used to measure their effect on cell proliferation in vitro, also cell immunohistochemistry was used for cell identification and measurement of effect on progesterone receptors (PR) expression.The results indicated that E₂ (15, 30 and 100 pg/mL) showed no significant regulations on both cell proliferation and PR expression, P₄ (15 and 30 ng/mL) had significant promoting effect on proliferation of ESCs (P<0.05), P₄ (3, 15 and 30 ng/mL) showed significant inhibitory effect on PR expression (P<0.05), the regulation level was related to concentration and acting time.     

雌激素和孕酮对犬子宫内膜基质细胞增殖和孕酮受体表达的影响

本试验应用不同消化分离途径获取犬子宫内膜基质细胞,调节培养液中雌激素(E₂)和孕酮(P₄)的浓度,采用MTT法测定E₂和P₄浓度水平对犬子宫内膜基质细胞体外增殖的影响,利用细胞免疫组织化学法鉴定细胞并测定细胞孕酮受体(PR)表达与激素浓度水平的相关性。结果表明,E₂浓度变化(15、30、100 pg/mL)对犬子宫内膜基质细胞的增殖和PR的表达均没有显著的调节作用(P>0.05);P₄(15、30 ng/mL)对犬子宫内膜基质细胞的增殖有显著促进作用(P<0.05),P₄(3、15、30 ng/mL)对犬子宫内膜基质细胞PR的表达具有显著的抑制作用(P<0.05),其影响程度与浓度和作用时间关系密切。     

CYP19A1调控内源性雌激素合成促进牦牛COCs细胞自噬和早期发育能力

旨在探索牦牛卵母细胞成熟过程中细胞色素P450芳香化酶(cytochrome P450arom, CYP19A1)对内源性雌激素(17β-estradiol, E₂)分泌、卵母细胞自噬和后续胚胎发育能力的影响。本研究在牦牛卵丘卵母细胞复合体(cumulus-oocyte complexes, COCs)体外成熟过程中,分别用等体积生理盐水、最佳浓度E₂(10^-7 mol·L^-1)、CYP19A1诱导剂黄曲霉毒素B1(aflatoxin B1, AFB1)、CYP19A1抑制剂双酚A(bisphenol A, BPA)处理,实时荧光定量PCR(real-time quantitative PCR, qRT-PCR)、Western blot和免疫荧光技术检测各组成熟COCs中CYP19A1表达水平,酶联免疫吸附方法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)检测诱导和抑制CYP19A1处理组牦牛成熟COCs培养液中E₂水平;分析不同处理组C...     

盐酸米诺环素络合物温敏凝胶的制备及初步评价

【目的】试验旨在制备一种能在局部递送盐酸米诺环素的络合物温敏凝胶。【方法】将盐酸米诺环素与Ca²⁺形成的络合物装载入泊洛沙姆407（P407）与泊洛沙姆188（P188）制备形成的温敏凝胶中，对其温敏性、表征结构、药物含量、稳定性、体外释放效果及抗菌性能进行研究。【结果】本研究制备的盐酸米诺环素温敏凝胶，在其组方为每50 mL凝胶中含米诺环素0.25 g、P407 8 g、P188 1.5 g、CaCl₂ 0.01 g、乙酸调pH至4.0±0.2、其余量为去离子水时，外观性状显示为淡黄色澄清溶液，透明度均匀，无沉淀及药物析出，温敏性能良好（31℃即可发生胶凝）；扫描电镜下可见该凝胶形成的网格孔洞结构致密且分布均匀；平均粒径为11.5 nm，Zeta电位为－3.8 mA；体外释放药物时间长达48 h，与原料药相比明显延长；在抗菌性能检测中，与原料药相比，同浓度盐酸米诺环素络合物温敏凝胶的抑菌能力没有降低，且体外抑菌时间明显延长，抑菌效果良好。【结论】本研究成功制备了一种盐酸米诺环素络合物温敏凝胶，通过模拟体外释放试验及体外抑菌曲线表明该凝胶能显著延长药物作用时间，提高药物利用率，可为临床使用盐酸米诺环素提供一种新的给药方式。     

不同月份产羔母羊泌乳期生殖激素与生长激素监测

为了解不同月份生产的奶山羊泌乳期生殖激素与生长激素(GH)变化规律,随机抽取1、3、5和8月份分娩的奶山羊各10只,于分娩后0 d、7 d、1~8个月(每月的第15天)时采集母羊静脉血,分离血清,采用ELISA试剂盒检测母羊外周血中催乳素(PRL)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)、雌激素(E₂)、孕酮(P₄)和GH水平变化。结果显示:不同月份产羔母羊泌乳期间外周血中同一激素的动态变化趋势一致;在整个泌乳期间,1、3、5、8月份产羔母羊PRL、FSH、LH、P₄、E₂、GH含量的动态变化范围分别为446.17~221.72 ng·L^-1、9.49~3.82 U·L^-1、351.17~218.16 pg·mL^-1、4086.83~3568.15 pmol·L^-1,33.74~22.30 ng·L^-1、30.36~11.57μg·L^-1;不同月份产羔母羊外周血中GH水平在相同泌乳期均无显著差异(P>0.05),FSH水平在0 d有显著差异(P<0.05),P₄水平在8个月时有显著差异(P<0.05),PRL水平在泌乳的0 d和2、3、8个月时有显著差异(P<0.05),LH水平在泌乳的0 d、2个月时有显著差异(P<0.05),E₂水平在泌乳0 d、3个月和8个月时有显著差异(P<0.05)。结果表明:奶山羊产羔月份的不同对泌乳期间的激素水平有一定的影响,但动态变化趋势一致。