Economic Analysis of Composting Crab Processing Waste

A study of composting crab processing waste (CPW) was performed to identify a cost-effective alternative to landfilling. If CPW could be economically recycled into a useful value-added product, the waste would not have to go to landfills, and could be sold commercially to the landscaping and nursery industries. Economic models of three systems were constructed and analyses performed using a variety of investment and operating costs. To ensure robust model analysis, several factors of the cost components were varied. The equivalent-uniform-annual-costs were used to compare the alternatives, Ag-Bag, windrowing, and landfilling the waste. Profit analysis was also performed for each of the proposed systems. The average annual cost for the processes of Ag-Bag 1, Ag-Bag 2, and windrowing was $62,903, $73,796, and $53,533 respectively. While none of the methods analyzed were profitable, windrowing results in the smallest loss of $?0.066/kg ($?63.08/ton) for all economic models considered, followed by Ag-Bag 1 with an average loss of $?0.107/kg ($?100.18/ton) and Ag-Bag 2 with an average loss of $?0.117/kg ($?109.80/ton). Although having the least loss, windrowing has drawbacks such as offensive odors. A sensitivity analysis to determine how much additional throughput would have to be utilized to create a profit was performed. This analysis found that the windrow system is the only system capable of ever garnering a profit, with a total throughput exceeding 1,003 tons/year. Under current market conditions, composting CPW by one of the systems described herein is not feasible.     

In-Vessel Cocomposting of Green Waste With Biosolids and Paper Waste

In comparison to traditional windrow composting, in-vessel composting techniques often represent more effective waste management options due to the reduced production of bioaerosols and leachate and the potential for better process control. Chemical processes occurring during the cocomposting of three common wastes (green waste, biosolids and paper processing waste) were studied using the forced aeration, static pile, in-vessel EcoPOD® composting system. Since no turning of the compost occurs within the static piles, spatial differences in the vessel were also monitored. These measurements revealed significant spatial gradients in temperature; however, this did not result in spatial differences in nutrients within the composting vessel. Significant differences in soluble N production were observed during the composting process following the series: green plus paper waste < green waste < green waste plus biosolids. After the active compost phase was over, and the compost was removed from the vessel and matured outside, we demonstrated that covering the compost was essential to preserve compost quality. Our study clearly shows that cocomposting of common waste feedstocks can be used to successfully manipulate the chemistry of the final compost making it suitable for multiple end uses. In addition, our study demonstrated that careful management of the compost maturing phase is also required to maximise quality and minimize pollution.     

青藏高原高寒牧区家畜粪便堆肥化处理技术研究

堆肥化处理是有效利用青藏高原高寒牧区牲畜粪便、减轻环境影响的可行途径。本文针对高寒牧区低温和劳动力资源缺乏的问题,研究了一种静态通气方式和保温措施对堆腐效果的影响。静态通气通过埋植于堆体中的通气管实现,而保温通过堆体外的双层塑料膜的温室效应实现。实验结果表明,埋入通气管与翻堆相比可以显著提高堆体内部和堆体外层的温度,有效加快腐熟速度,减少堆腐过程中养分的损失,降低劳动力投入,可以作为高寒牧区替代翻堆的更好通气手段。双层保温膜与单层膜相比能够有效辅助通气管维持堆体高温。堆肥原料中添加磷肥虽然可提高堆腐温度,但同时也增加了堆腐过程中有机质和氮素的损失,需要根据当地实际情况选用。     

不同处理对高含水率奶牛粪便好氧堆肥的影响

针对奶牛养殖场粪便含水率高,堆肥处理成本高的特点,采用以干燥玉米秸秆为调理剂,在较高初始含水率条件下（70%～80%）,进行了强制通风堆肥槽和翻转式堆肥仓的对比试验,并且探讨了晾晒脱水作为预处理对堆肥效果的影响。结果表明,各处理堆体升温迅速,且均在50℃以上维持8～12d,满足堆肥无害化的卫生标准（GB7959—1987）要求。至堆肥结束时,各处理含水率均降至40%以下,C/N均降至20以下,WSOC均低于16g·kg-1,NH4＋-N含量均低于0.4g·kg-1;除采用堆肥槽在初始含水率为65%下堆肥NH4＋-N/NO3--N〉3尚未腐熟完全外,其他处理NH4＋-N/NO3--N均小于0.5,腐熟情况较好;所有处理的GI均大于50%,其中采用堆肥槽在较高初始含水率堆肥和晾晒预处理后堆肥GI已达80%,基本消除了植物毒性。采用较为开放的堆肥槽时,以玉米秸秆作调理剂,在较高的初始含水率条件下堆肥效果更好;以晾晒脱水作为预处理后堆肥,可减少所需调理剂的用量,节约了堆肥的成本。     

Intermittent Aeration for In-vessel Composting Of Crab Processing Waste

A crab processing waste/wood shaving mixture was composted in-vessel with four intermittent aeration strategies. The composting process was monitored to assess the efficacy of the aeration methods. Temperature, moisture content and volatile solids of the compost were monitored along with the interstitial oxygen concentration. There was no significant difference in temperature profiles between constant frequency aeration and temperature feedback controlled aeration methods. An increased frequency of aeration resulted in significantly more drying than the less frequent aeration using the same total air volume. Results indicated that air volume could be reduced after the first five days of composting, and the in-vessel composting retention time could be reduced to 15 to 17 days for odor and vermin/vector problems prevention.     

Valorization of Mediterranean Livestock Manures: Composting of Rabbit and Goat Manure and Quality Assessment of the Compost Obtained

The purpose of this work was to study the viability of the composting of goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) manure (GM) and rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) manure (RM) and to evaluate the quality of the compost obtained. For this, a mixture of these manures was prepared at a goat/rabbit ratio of 44:56 (fresh-weight basis) and 50:50 (dry-weight basis). The mixture was composted by the Rutgers static pile composting system, with forced aeration and controlled temperature. Throughout the composting process, the temperature was monitored and physicochemical, chemical, and biological parameters were evaluated. The temperature evolution showed the suitable development of the composting process, with thermophilic values (>40 °C) maintained for more than 90 days. The finished compost had stabilized and humified organic matter. However, the pH (9.4) and the salinity (EC of 13.4 dS/m) could limit its potential agricultural use.     

Microbial Population Dynamics and Enzyme Activities During Composting

The changes in population size of different microbial groups (total aerobic heterotrophs, actinomycetes, fungi, fecal coliforms, ammonium- and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, and denitrifying bacteria) and the activities of 19 different enzymes (three phosphatases, three esterases, two proteases, three amino-peptidases, and eight glycosyl-hydrolases) were examined during cocomposting of poultry litter (a mixture of poultry manure, waste feed, feathers, and wood shavings) and yard trimmings (a mixture of grass clippings, leaves, and wood barks). Three piles with forced aeration were established by mixing 2:1 (v/v) ratio of poultry litter and yard trimmings. During composting, samples were taken at three different locations (top, middle, and bottom) of the forced aeration piles for microbial and enzyme analyses. Results demonstrated that population size of different microbial groups was not a limiting factor in this composting process as the microorganisms in the poultry litter + yard trimmings compost are in great abundance. Although the numbers of these microbial groups were reduced by high temperature, their populations multiplied rapidly as composting progressed. Fecal coliforms were eliminated by day 49, suggesting that the poultry litter + yard trimmings compost showed an overall increase in diversity and relative abundance of extracellular enzymes present as composting progressed. The population of fungi and actinomycetes (microorganisms active in degradation of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) were positively correlated with esterase, valine amino-peptidase, α-galactosidase, β-glucosidase, and lipase. Of all 19 enzymes examined, ß-galactosidase (enzyme involved in the hydrolysis of lactose) had the most significant positive correlation with microbial populations, such as total aerobic heterotrophs, ammonium- and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, and fecal coliforms. Cystine amino peptidase, chymotrypsin, and trypsin showed no evidence of activity during the entire period of composting. This composting process represented a combined activity of a wide succession of environments in the compost pile as one microbial group/enzyme overlapped the other and each emerged gradually as a result of the continual change in temperature as well as moisture content, O₂ and CO₂ level, and progressive breakdown of complex compounds to simpler ones.     

Comparative Study of Static Pile Composting Using Natural,Forced and Passive Aeration Methods

Poultry manure slurry amended with sphagnum peat was composted by natural aeration (NA), forced aeration (FA) and passive aeration (PA). Compost piles were built in trapezoidal shape with a volume of 5 m³. A total of nine replicates, three for each treatment method, were built. A total of 231 thermocouples were used to establish a three-dimensional temperature regime in each pile.

The results showed that, for the selected configuration of aeration pipes and aeration schedule, temperature drop occurred almost two weeks sooner in PA and FA process than NA process. Also, temperature inside PA and NA processes stayed above 55°C for a longer time than FA process. Both FA and PA methods were effective in providing more oxygen. Low O₂ concentrations were measured at the bottom and middle of NA pile and middle of PA pile during the early stages of the process which is an indication of anaerobic conditions. A total mass reduction of 32 percent and volumetric reduction of 16 to 22 percent were observed. The mass reduction was mainly due to water evaporation, around 550 liters of water per each pile. C/N ratio dropped from the initial value of 21.9 to 18.9, 19.8 and 20.9 for NA, PA and FA, respectively.

The influence zone of aeration pipes in FA and PA composting was determined using a statistical procedure involving the verage of absolute differences (AAD) of temperature readings and two-way ANOVA. By comparing analogous thermocouple locations between PA with NA as well as FA with NA piles, it could be established whether inclusion of the aeration pipes affected the temperature at that location. A three-dimensional influence zone was mapped for PA and FA composting. Results indicate that for the selected configuration of aeration pipes and aeration schedule, PA pipes influenced temperatures in the bottom half of the PA pile while FA pipes affected the interior part of the pile. Near the pile surface, aeration was predominantly by diffusion, as these positions were not influenced by the aeration pipes. The results obtained were also verified by Cluster analysis.     

Stability Evaluation of Mixed Food Waste Composts

As interest in food waste composting grows, so does the need for proven composting methods. Stability testing has been proposed as a compost quality assurance tool. We conducted this study to: (i) to evaluate the efficacy of simple outdoor composting methods in producing a compost with a low, stable decomposition rate, and (ii) to determine the reliability of simple, 4-h compost stability evaluation methods. Composting was conducted outdoors in winter and spring in Eugene, Oregon without moisture addition. Mixed food waste was combined with screened dairy solids and ground yard trimmings. Sawdust was used to cover windrows for the first 27 d of composting. Compost windrow temperatures remained above 55°C for 30+ d. Carbon dioxide evolved with several 4-h test methods was strongly correlated (r² > 0.7) with CO₂ evolved using a 48-h test. A limited-turn windrow (LTW) composting system produced compost with slightly greater stability than a passively aerated windrow (PAW) composting system. Food waste compost samples had a low CO₂ evolution rate after 71 to 99 d using either composting system. Compost CO₂ evolution rate at 25°C decreased with composting time, reaching approximately 1 to 4 mg CO₂-C g compost C^?1 d^?1 for the PAW method and 0.5 to 2 mg CO₂-C g compost C^?1 d^?1 for the LTW method. Putrescible organic matter in food waste was effectively decomposed in outdoor windrows using composting methods that did not employ forced aeration, self-propelled windrow turners, or manufactured composting vessels. Several 4-h stability tests showed promise for implementation as quality assurance tools.     

猪粪堆肥快速发酵菌剂及工艺控制参数初步研究

采用L（934）正交设计在模拟发酵池中研究了辅料配比（秸秆添加量梯度为5%、7.5%、10%）、物料含水量（梯度为40%、50%、60%）、通风量（通风时长为10、20、30min）以及外源菌剂（空白、BN1菌剂、EM菌剂）等因素对猪粪堆肥效果的影响。其中BN1为课题组自制菌剂,在测定了菌种纤维素酶活性的基础上,作为外源菌剂接种猪粪堆肥。通过监测堆肥过程中各处理的温度变化,测定堆肥样品总养分含量、堆肥结束后的C/N,并进行感官分析等对堆肥效果进行加权评分。结果表明,猪粪堆肥最佳环境控制参数为秸秆添加量为5%,通风量为每立方米物料102m^3·d^-1,物料含水量60%,自制菌剂BN1能促进猪粪堆肥快速发酵。     

Optimization of Medlar Pruning Waste Composting Process by Cattle Manure Addition

In this study, medlar pruning waste (MPW) was composted with and without cattle manure (CM). Two piles were prepared: one contained only MPW (pile 1) and one contained MPW augmented with CM (pile 2). Both piles were composted in an enclosed composting vessel with passive aeration and aeration by turning. During the composting process, temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), OM losses, total organic carbon (C_org), total nitrogen (N_T), C_org/N_T ratio, and germination index (GI) were measured. Pile 2 produced a faster increase of the temperature and had a longer thermophilic phase than pile 1. However, the rate of OM degradation was faster in pile 1 than in the pile containing CM (pile 2). The addition of CM also resulted in an increased pH and salt content. In both piles, C/N ratio decreased throughout the process, presumably as a result of the faster organic carbon degradation compared to N mineralization. However, only pile 2 had a final C/N ratio <20, the limit accepted for compost by the Spanish legislation on fertilizer. Also, both composts had GI > 50 percent, indicating an absence of phytotoxicity.     

Recycling of Two-Phase Olive-Mill Cake “Alperujo” by Co-composting with Animal Manures

The use of poultry manure or goat/sheep manure in the co-composting of the two-phase olive-mill cake “alperujo” (ALP) with olive leaf (OL) is compared by studying organic-matter mineralization and humification processes during composting and the characteristics of the end products. For this, two different piles (P1 and P2) were prepared using ALP with OL mixed with poultry manure (PM) and goat/sheep manure (GSM), respectively, and composted by the turned windrow composting system. Throughout the composting process, a number of parameters were monitored, such as temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), OM losses, total organic carbon (C_org), total nitrogen (N_t), C_org/N_t ratio, and the germination index (GI). In both piles, the temperature exceeded 55 °C for more than 2 weeks, which ensured maximum pathogen reduction. Organic-matter losses followed a first-order kinetic equation in both piles. The final composts presented a stabilized OM and absence of phytotoxins, as observed in the evolution and final values of the C_org/N_t ratio (C_org/N_t < 20) and the germination index (GI > 50 percent). Therefore, composting can be considered as an efficient treatment to recycle this type of waste, obtaining composts with suitable properties that can be safely used in agriculture.     

木薯茎秆基质化的堆肥工艺及评价

该研究以木薯茎秆为主要原料,鸡粪、蔗渣、有机废物发酵菌曲为辅料将其堆肥基质化处理,旨在探讨木薯茎秆堆肥基质化处理的最佳发酵工艺及评价不同处理腐熟后的品质。研究结果表明,基质发酵过程中,其主要理化指标堆温、总碳（TC）、总氮（TN）、碳氮比（C/N）、pH值、全K（TK）、全P（TP）、电导率（EC）等随堆制时间呈现一定的变化规律。基质腐熟后的各项理化指标基本达到栽培基质的要求。综合基质的发酵温度、腐熟周期及无土栽培基质对基质各项理化性质的要求,处理2（木薯茎秆+菌+鸡粪）、处理3（木薯茎秆+菌+鸡粪+甘蔗渣）更适合木薯茎秆堆肥基质化处理。     

Small-Scale Composting of Horse Manure Mixed with Wood Shavings

There is an increased interest in composting manure on small horse farms (1-5 horses). It is known that simple backyard, food waste composters do not efficiently reduce pathogens due to their small scale. However, it was not clear if small-scale manure composting on horse farms could ensure pathogen reduction during all seasons. Furthermore, because of potential human health concerns, the release of Aspergillus fumigatus on small horse farms was of interest. The objective of this study was to evaluate pathogen reduction in a simple shed composter and the release of Aspergillus fumigatus emissions from fall to spring under typical farm operational conditions. Horse manure mixed with wood shavings (bedding) was composted for 4-8 weeks in the fall, winter, early spring and late spring. Fecal streptococci and eggs of strongyles, which are a major recognized health concern for horses, were used as pathogen indicator organisms. Temperatures increased in all composting piles during all seasons, but tended to be higher in warmer weather. After 4 weeks, the fecal streptococci reduction was about 10- to 100-fold and, after 8 weeks, about 100- to 1000-fold. There was some effect of season on fecal streptococci levels, with the higher composting temperatures appearing to provide greater reductions. Strongyle eggs in this study were very low and were reduced over time. Levels of viable A. fumigatus spores during turning ranged from 12-2084 CFU m^?3, while background levels ranged between 6 - 300 CFU m^?3. Overall, this study indicates that composting horse manure mixed with wood shavings reduces pathogens. A. fumigatus levels are elevated during turning, but the levels are lower than those found at sewage sludge/municipal solid waste composting facilities or inside barns.     

Preliminary Study of the Effect of Continuous and Intermittent Aeration on Composting Hog Manure Amended With Sawdust

The effects of using intermittent aeration during composting on ammonia emissions and dry matter loss were determined during composting of hog manure amended with sawdust. Composting trials lasted three weeks and used pilot-scale 200 liter vessels (four). The experimental design used replication of two treatments, continuous aeration (CA) and intermittent aeration (IA), in two series of experiments (total of eight tests). In the CA sequence, compost temperatures were controlled at 60°C using feedback control on high and low air flow fans while the IA sequence consisted of five minutes of air flow followed by 55 minutes of rest. Mixing ratios of hog manure to sawdust were 1:1.1 and 1:1.7 dry weight basis with resulting C:N ratios of 18.2 ± 1.2 and 23.7 ± 2.2 for the two series of tests. Airflow reduction was 63 percent for IA compared to CA. Percent nitrogen loss between treatments were moderately statistically different (α = 0.14) with average percent nitrogen loss at 29.7 percent for CA and 23.0 percent for IA. Nitrogen loss as ammonia-N was higher for CA than IA (25.9 versus 14.3) but was not statistically different. No significant differences existed in dry solids loss between treatments and the physical and chemical properties of the compost produced from IA were similar to that from CA for each series. Results showed that IA compared to CA may be a practical way to reduce nitrogen loss and ammonia emissions during composting of swine manure with sawdust.     

摘脱后切割搂集茎秆成条铺的稻 (麦)联收机

英国发明的悬挂在联收机上的摘脱台在中国使用中有两个缺点:摘脱后的基秆未能切割搂集成条铺和落粒损失,尤其在低速时较大。此文报导了用气流吸运脱出物的摘脱滚筒,从而省去了原摘脱台上的输送螺旋推运器和输送带3类的输送装置,为了处理大量的脱出物,作者发明了立式的“4合1”处理装置。它具有升运、分离、清选和自循环4个功能。田间试验表明落粒损失减少,作者发明的设置于摘脱流通筒后面的切割搂集装置工作性能良好:割茬低条铺放在两履带之间。     

Regional Inventory of Organic Industrial Wastes: Case Study in New Brunswick,Canada

? This study was undertaken to investigate the possibility of composting organic industrial wastes which are currently being generated in the Canadian province of New Brunswick. Four types of this waste stream were identified: Fish wastes; Agricultural wastes; Pulp and paper and sawmill wastes; and Food processing wastes. Other objectives of this study were to establish valid cost estimates of selected solid waste composting approaches and to address the potential of a value-added compost product.

In the past 20 years, fish landings in the province averaged approximately 136,000 metric tons annually. Processing in fish transformation plants leads to fresh and pickled fish wastes that must be either discarded by dumping or processed into usable byproducts.

Animal manure is the principal waste currently being generated by the agricultural industry with 1,333,000 metric tons of manure produced in 1986. There are also approximately 90,000 metric tons of potato culls produced by the potato industry per year. Most of these agricultural wastes are presently being used or applied on land.

The forest industry is the biggest in New Brunswick and as such produces the largest amount of industrial wastes. Wood residues are generated in two sectors of the forest industry: Logging and Wood Processing organizations.

The food processing industry is a diversified enterprise processing items such as fruit products, vegetable products and meat products. Potato processing companies produce one of the most significant vegetable wastes of the province, with about 50,000 metric tons of wastes annually.     

基于CGA-BP神经网络的好氧堆肥曝气供氧量预测模型

为提高好氧堆肥曝气供氧量的曝气效率以及预测精度,该研究利用遗传算法（genetic algorithm, GA）对标准反向传播（back propagation, BP）神经网络的初始权值和阈值进行优化,再利用克隆选择算法（clonal genetic algorithm, CGA）优化遗传算法中的变异算子并复制算子,加快获取最优参数的速度,构建基于CGA-BP神经网络的曝气供氧量预测模型。为验证CGA-BP模型的有效性,与BP模型、GA-BP模型预测结果进行对比。试验结果表明：克隆遗传算法优化BP神经网络能加快获得最优解,效率相比BP模型和GA-BP模型分别提高了75.36%、51.30%;在曝气供氧量预测模型中,CGA-BP模型具有更准确的预测效果,预测精度为99.65%,而BP模型与GA-BP模型预测精度分别为96.99%、99.26%;CGA-BP模型评价指标的均方误差、平均绝对误差、平均绝对百分误差分别为0.003 4、0.038 9和0.350 6,均小于BP神经网络和GA-BP神经网络模型评价指标的误差;利用CGA-BP好氧堆肥曝气供氧量预测模型对好氧堆肥发酵过程进行精准...     

废弃烤烟茎秆与鸡粪堆肥化利用的研究

采用特制的堆肥箱,对废弃烤烟茎秆与鸡粪的堆肥化利用进行了研究。结果表明,烤烟茎秆＋鸡粪（处理A）混合堆肥处理的堆温保持在50℃以上的时间为10d,而烤烟茎秆＋碳酸氢铵（处理B）处理的仅为2d。堆肥30d时,处理A的碳素含量基本趋于稳定,C／N为15．8;处理B的碳素含量仍不稳定,C／N为23．5;处理A的铵态氮与硝态氮的比值为0．43,处理B的达0．60。堆肥20d时,处理A堆料浸出液浸种后的种子发芽指数比处理B的高15个百分点,差异达极显著水平。堆肥50d时,两处理的种子发芽指数差异不明显,种子发芽率均达到100％。烤烟茎秆与鸡粪堆肥成品的有机质和总养分（N、P2O5、K2O）含量、重金属（As,Hg,Ph,Cd,Cr）含量控制标准等完全达到有机肥质量的要求。     

适量通风显著降低鸡粪好氧堆肥过程中氮素损失

【目的】研究不同通风量对鸡粪好氧堆肥过程中温度、含水率、种子发芽指数 (GI) 及氮素形态转化的影响，以期在达到鸡粪无害化要求的前提下，为减少鸡粪好氧堆肥过程中的氮素损失、提高堆肥成品品质、优化通风曝气工艺参数和节省能耗提供参考。【方法】试验在山东某有机肥厂好氧堆肥车间开展，以鸡粪和稻壳为原料，按照1∶1(质量比) 混合均匀之后作为堆肥初始物料。在间歇性强制通风和翻抛条件下，设置低、中、高3个通风水平，即通风量依次为0.1、0.2和0.3 m3/(m3·min)，好氧堆肥周期为28 天。通过现场定期采样，测定温度、全氮、NH₄+-N、NO₃–-N、pH、含水率和发芽指数等指标，研究不同堆肥阶段各指标的变化和氮素形态的转化。【结果】在整个好氧堆肥周期内，堆体温度呈现先升高后降低的趋势，低、中和高通风量的最高温度分别达到68.3℃、71.8℃和68.6℃，高温 (≥ 50℃) 持续时间均超过12 天，达到了畜禽粪便无害化卫生要求；含水率逐渐下降，各通风量处理分别由最初的63.2%、62.1%和64.5%降低到32.4%、30.1%和29.2%；pH先升高后降低，至好氧堆肥结束时，各通风处理的pH均处于7.5～8.0 之间；种子发芽指数 (GI) 均大于80%，说明经过28 天的好氧堆肥后，三个通风处理条件下的鸡粪堆肥成品均达到了腐熟度要求。NH₄+-N含量均呈现先增长后逐渐降低的趋势；NO₃–-N含量呈现明显的增加趋势；总氮 (TN) 含量在整个好氧堆肥周期内整体上呈现先降低后增加的趋势；经过28 天的好氧堆肥结束之后，低、中、高通风处理的氮素损失率分别为19.8%、20.2%和29.6%，低通风量与中通风量之间差异不显著，高通风量显著高于低通风量和中通风量 (P ≤ 0.05)。【结论】在鸡粪进行好氧堆肥过程中，通风量为0.1、0.2和0.3 m3/(m3·min) 下，堆肥成品均能达到腐熟度和无害化要求，其中采用中通风量0.2 m3/(m3·min) 时的氮素损失较少，且种子发芽指数较高。综合以上指标及实际工厂化运行过程的影响因素，在鸡粪好氧堆肥过程中建议采用的通风量为0.2 m3/(m3·min)。