钙水平对无限生长型番茄钙吸收利用及果实品质和产量的影响

利用基质栽培水肥一体化技术,设计不同钙素营养供给水平(0,1,3,6 mmol/L),研究钙对无限生长型番茄钙吸收利用及果实品质和产量的影响。结果表明:钙在番茄植物各部位中的分布极不均匀,且同一部位不同时期钙含量差异也很大,植物体内钙的分布和变化受钙素营养水平和气温的影响;随着钙水平的提高,番茄果实钙含量不断增加,缺钙将降低果实的产量和品质,虽然钙与K、Mg、P、N元素之间存在拮抗作用,但是高钙不会造成果实产量和品质的下降;高温会诱导植株缺钙症状及果实脐腐病的出现,严重影响番茄的产量和品质,高钙处理对高温胁迫具有一定的缓解作用。     

猪粪与化肥配比对基质栽培番茄生长与产量的影响

研究了猪粪与化肥N配比对苏南地区温室基质栽培番茄(辽宁英石大红)生长与产量的影响,试验设猪粪N占总N的比例为0%、30%、50%、70%、100%与无肥对照(CK)6个处理.结果表明:与纯化肥处理比较,猪粪N显著地增加番茄的茎粗、果枝台数、座果数与茎叶生物量,茎粗与座果数分别增加16.8%～27.4%与32.1%～53.6%,但对番茄的株高、叶片数、第一果枝位高度影响较小.②猪粪处理的番茄产量显著地高于化肥处理,比化肥处理增产26.6E.6%,不同猪粪处理之间差异不显著.随着猪粪N增加,番茄前中期果的比例减少、病果率增加,但30%猪粪N处理的番茄不仅产量最高(69.9t/hm2),而且前中期果实的产量与比例也最高(60.7%),是合适的有机无机N的比例.③以腐熟的猪粪与化肥作基肥为主,配合一次追施少量化肥,试验期间仅以水灌溉,能基本满足番茄107天生育期内的养分供应,获得60.7～69.9t/hm2的番茄产量.     

有机肥替代部分化学氮肥对春小麦产量与氮肥利用率的影响

用田间试验的方法,研究不同比例有机肥替代化学氮肥对土壤养分及小麦(籽粒、秸秆、颖壳)养分吸收、产量和氮肥利用率的影响,寻求有机肥替代化学氮肥的合理范围,以期在提高肥料利用率、增加小麦产量的同时减少土壤过量施用化肥的负面作用。田间试验设不施肥(CK)、有机肥替代100%化学氮肥(N0)、有机肥替代50%化学氮肥(N0.5)、有机肥替代25%化学氮肥(N0.75)及100%化学氮肥(N1)5个处理;其中,100%化学氮肥处理为当地化学氮肥常规用量。结果显示:小麦收获期N0.75处理土壤有机碳含量最高;N0和N0.5处理土壤有机碳含量较CK处理下降,而N0.75处理和N1处理土壤有机碳含量较CK处理增加,但处理之间差异不显著。有机肥替代化学氮肥处理可影响小麦籽粒、秸秆(叶和茎秆)、颖壳中N、P2O5、K2O养分含量,小麦生物量和籽粒产量随施用化学氮肥比例的增加而增加。相关分析结果显示,施用氮化肥比例与小麦籽粒氮素含量之间呈极显著正相关关系(P <0.01);小麦秸秆和颖壳中N含量均以N0.5处理较高,P2O5含量处理之间差异不显著,K2O含量以N1和N0.5处理最高、且处理间差异显著。...     

Effects of Continuously Applied Vermicompost on Media Properties,Growth, Yield,and Fruit Quality of Two Tomato Varieties

In the first and second seasons, growth and yield of tomato were also influenced by different vermicompost (VC) rates and reused VC. Obviously, increasing VC proportion led to the augmentation of electrical conductivity (EC), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) in planting media in both seasons. However, in the first season, the nutrient absorbent ability of tomato was remarkably higher compared to those in the second season due to higher available nutrient in the media of the first season. This may influence the shoot dry weight as well as the yield of tomato in both seasons. In T4 treatment, the yield attained the highest value in the first season for both varieties with the values of 562.3 and 812.4 g/plant for small honey (V1) and graces (V2), respectively. In the second season, the N, P, K, Ca, and Mg in media significantly decreased compared to those in the first season (496.4 g/plant-V1 and 508.3 g/plant-V2). In comparison, the yields in the first season were higher those in second season by 13.2% and 59.8% for V1 and V2, respectively. However, in the second season, the maximum yield found in T5 (508.3 g/plant-V1 and 682.2 g/plant-V2) and declining by 10.6 and 19.1% compared to those in the first season for V1 and V2, respectively. This can be explained that amounts of nutrients from the media in the first season had supported the growth and development of tomato, resulting deficiency of nutrients in the media for the second season.     

禾神元多效微生物菌肥对玉米生长发育和产量的影响

为了给玉米生产中施用微生物菌肥提供依据,在榆中县石头沟和甘州区平原堡研究了禾神元微生物菌肥水剂和颗粒剂对玉米生育期、生物性状、经济性状和产量的影响。结果表明,施用禾神元微生物菌肥后玉米的株高、穗长、穗粗、茎粗、穗位高均较常规施肥有所增加,产量较常规施肥增加5.24%、6.40%,且喷施禾神元微生物菌肥水剂较撒施禾神元微生物菌肥颗粒剂增产0.63%、1.79%,对玉米的生长发育和产量提升效果最好。     

控释氮肥对基质栽培番茄产量和品质的影响

通过施用传统营养液、控释氮肥及控释氮肥配合营养液进行基质栽培番茄,探讨了控释氮肥与营养液配合对番茄产量和品质的影响。结果表明,施用等氮量控释氮肥配合磷钾营养液(UL2)较传统营养液(NS)果实产量无显著差异,但较施用等氮量速效氮肥配合磷钾营养液(UL1)果实产量显著增加了22.0%;当底施肥料替代全部营养液氮、磷、钾时,等氮量控释尿素(CRU2)较等氮量速效尿素(Urea)果实产量显著增加了28.1%,且高50%,施氮量控释尿素(CRU3)较传统营养液果实产量无显著差异;UL2较UL1糖酸比显著增加了29.6%,且番茄果实硝态氮含量较NS显著降低了50.0%。因此,控释氮肥在基质栽培番茄上较速效氮肥有显著的增产及提高品质的效果。与传统营养液相比,等氮量控释氮肥配合磷钾营养液的施用可以保证产量和品质,既简化了营养液配方,又降低了番茄果实中硝态氮含量,提高了食用安全性,可以在基质栽培生产上广泛地推广应用。     

滴灌条件下水肥耦合对温室番茄产量效应的研究

以番茄为供试作物,在温室内采用二次D-饱和最优设计进行水肥试验,探讨了滴灌条件下水、肥交互对温室番茄产量的影响。试验结果表明:影响番茄产量的主要因素是灌水量与钾肥用量的交互作用,其次是氮肥用量;仅从产量角度评价,以中等氮肥用量、高钾肥用量和高灌水量为水肥调控的最佳组合。     

富硒有机肥、复合肥和灌水量对番茄产量和品质的影响

以樱桃番茄"千禧"为供试材料,采用大田小区试验的方法,研究了膜下滴灌条件下富硒高钙有机肥和复合肥配比(每667 m2分别施50 kg复合肥(F1),500 kg富硒高钙有机肥+25 kg复合肥(F2),1 000 kg富硒高钙有机肥(F3))和灌水量(100%灌水量(W1)和80%灌水量(W2))对番茄产量和品质的影响。结果表明:(1)富硒高钙有机肥和复合肥配施,比使用同量氮磷钾的富硒高钙有机肥或复合肥,产量都显著提高;(2)随着富硒高钙有机肥施肥量比例的增加,番茄果实中硒含量、番茄红素含量、维生素C含量和可溶性糖含量均显著增加;(3)滴灌可以有效提高水分利用效率,80%灌水量在产量降低不显著的情况下,番茄果实中硒的含量和果实品质均有不同程度的提高。因此,膜下滴灌80%灌水量时,富硒高钙有机肥和复合肥配施(各占50%)在保证果实品质和硒含量达到富硒农产品标准的同时,产量达到最佳。     

生物质炭施用量对土壤性状和番茄产量品质的影响

本试验以南方地区设施黄棕壤为供试土壤,樱桃番茄为试验材料,通过测定土壤有机碳、速效养分、酶活性以及番茄的产量品质等指标,研究生物质炭施用量对菜田土壤性状及樱桃番茄产量与品质的影响,为在蔬菜栽培中合理使用生物质炭提供依据.试验设3个生物质炭施用量处理,分别为200(T1)、400(T2)、600 kg/667m2(T3),以不施用生物质炭处理为对照(CK).研究结果表明:施用生物质炭能提高土壤有机碳、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量.在番茄生长前期,以T1处理的土壤蔗糖酶活性最高,但3个处理的脲酶和中性磷酸酶活性与对照的差异不显著;到生长后期,T1处理的蔗糖酶活性依然保持最高,脲酶和中性磷酸酶活性也逐渐提高且高于对照及其他处理.生物质炭可提高番茄单株坐果率,降低单株僵果率,以T1处理的单株坐果率最高,T3处理的单株僵果率最低.3个生物质炭施用量均可提高番茄产量,折合单位面积产量分别为5157.99、4539.05和4610.31 kg/667m2,分别较对照增产20.44%、5.99%和7.65%,以T1处理产量最高.在本试验中,以生物质炭施用量为200 kg/667m2的增产效果最好.     

氮钾肥配施对番茄幼苗生长及前期产量构成的影响

以尿素和硫酸钾为主要氮、钾肥料,以草炭和蛭石为育苗基质进行番茄育苗试验,研究分析了育苗基质中不同氮、钾肥料配施方案对番茄幼苗生长及其前期产量构成的影响,结果表明:番茄育苗过程中氮、钾肥料不同配比对番茄幼苗生长及前期产量存在显著影响,偏施氮肥或钾肥均可降低番茄出苗率、抑制番茄幼苗生长与干物质积累,氮、钾肥料合理配施可明显提高番茄幼苗素质,增加番茄前期开花数与座果数从而增加番茄前期产量,番茄基质育苗过程中氮、钾(N∶K2O)肥料最佳配比为1∶1.2。     

不同施肥对鲜食玉米生长及肥料农学利用率的影响

通过田间小区试验,分析比较了不同施肥处理对鲜食玉米生长指标、产量、品质、光合特性、土壤酶活性以及肥料农学利用率等指标的影响.试验共设置5个处理,分别为:CK(不施用任何肥料),T1(常规化肥用量+普通有机肥),T2(常规化肥用量+生物有机肥),T3(化肥减施30％+生物有机肥),T4(化肥减施30％+生物有机肥+氨基酸...     

外源5-氨基乙酰丙酸对番茄成熟过程中果实品质和矿质元素含量的影响

5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)为高等植物中叶绿素等卟啉类化合物的生物合成前体,在促进作物生长、增强抗逆性及提高产量方面发挥着重要作用。为探究ALA对番茄果实成熟过程中品质和矿质元素含量的影响,本研究以原味1号品种为试验材料,向绿熟期番茄果实表面涂抹不同浓度(0、50、100、200、300 mg·L^-1)ALA溶液,筛选出促进设施栽培番茄成熟及品质形成的最佳ALA施用浓度,并进一步研究其对设施番茄果实成熟过程中硬度、可溶性固形物以及矿质元素含量的影响。结果表明,外源ALA通过降低果实硬度促进了果实的成熟,并通过提高番茄果实中可溶性固形物含量提升了果实品质。另外,在坐果后40 d,200 mg·L^-1ALA处理的K、Ca和Fe元素含量分别比对照提高了21.82%、56.25%和12.86%,但P、Mg和Cu元素含量分别比对照降低了9.92%、21.74%和25.00%。相关性分析结果表明,可溶性固形物含量与K含量呈正相关关系,与Cu含量呈负相关关系;果实硬度与K含量呈负相关关系。成熟期番茄果实中P含量与Cu含量呈正相关,与Mn、K和Ca含量呈负相关...     

Relationship of Leaf Macronutrient Concentrations in New Tomato Varieties to Fruit Yield

Abstract

This study was performed to evaluate the response of different newly established tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars (Búfalo [control, a widely cultivated variety], Corindon, Dombelo, GC‐773, GC‐775, Nancy, Noa, Sarky, Yunque, Volcani, 617/83, and 2084/81), all cultivated under identical greenhouse conditions, in relation to the efficiency in macronutrient utilization to ascertain whether the genotype and the plant developmental stages affect the concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S) in leaves. The cultivar with greater foliar‐biomass production (Volcani) or greater concentration of nutrients as organic N (Noa, Yunque, 617/83) showed less marketable and more non‐commercial fruit production. The phenological phases of developing and ripening fruits significantly increased the concentration of P and reduced the concentration of all N forms and total K, as well as Na, Ca, Mg, and S forms in the leaves.     

Effect of Timing of Sulfur Fertilizer Application on Growth and Yield of Rapeseed

Abstract

There is usually a positive yield response when sulfur (S) is applied to rapeseed (Brassica rapa L.) plants grown on S-deficient soils. Recommendations include application of some of or the entire amount of S at planting, but the plant requirement as well as availability of S to rapeseed during its various phenological stages is not well documented. In a field trial, 40 kg S ha^?1 was applied as gypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O) at planting (T₁), during vegetative (T₂, 30 days after sowing), flowering (T₃, 50 days after sowing), and pod-filling (T₄, 65 days after sowing) stages, and in split doses (T₅). Biomass accumulation, leaf-area index, and leaf photosynthetic rate were studied at various growth stages. Seed S (sulfate and organic S) and yield parameters were studied at harvest. Sulfur (40 kg S ha^{? 1}) applied in three split doses during different growth stages caused maximum increase in these parameters, followed by T₂ and T₁. However, no significant discernable difference was observed for the application at planting (T₁) and during vegetative stage (T₂). No significant response was seen following the application of T₃ and T₄ when compared with the control (T₀). On the basis of these results, we concluded that application of S fertilizer in split doses during growth stages is better than application of the entire amount of S at any stage for obtaining optimum yield of rapeseed.     

生物菌肥与化肥配施对青椒生长、产量及果实品质的影响

用田间试验的方法研究了生物菌肥对青椒生长、产量及果实品质的影响。田间试验于2018年在山西省长治市进行,共设不施肥(处理1)、施化肥(处理2,青椒座花座果期间隔7 d、4次施用复合肥,每次用量20 kg 667m-2)、施生物菌肥(处理3,青椒移栽定植时地力旺菌肥100倍液灌根,每次用量1 kg 667m-2;座花座果时叶面喷施地力旺菌肥80倍液4次,每次用量1 kg 667m-2,两次喷施间隔10 d)、施化肥+生物菌肥(处理4,青椒移栽定植时用地力旺菌肥100倍液灌根,每次用量1 kg 667m-2,青椒座花座果期施用复合肥4次,每次20 kg 667m-2,两次施肥隔7 d;同时叶面喷施地力旺菌肥80倍液4次,每次用量1 kg 667m-2,两次喷施间隔10 d)4个处理,于青椒不同生育时期调查其生长指标、产量指标、果实品质性状。结果表明,与对照相比,施用化肥、菌肥均能促进青椒生长、提高青椒产量并改善其品质,其中以化肥+生物菌肥处理效果最好。化肥+菌肥处理青椒的株高、茎粗、根长、地上部干物质重、单果重达95.55 cm、14.57 mm、2566 cm、45.365 g、180....     

Effect of Vermicompost in Media on Growth,Yield and Fruit Quality of Cherry Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentun Mill.) Under Net House Conditions

Effects of VC application on tomato production and media properties can last for the third successive season, which was verified in this study to evaluate effects of VC application on growth, productivity and fruit quality of cherry tomato for the third season. Six treatments were designed similarly in the first and second seasons (unchanged design compared to the previous season), including: VC with rice husk ash (RHS) and coconut fiber (CF) 0% VC+ 50% RHS +50% CF (T1- control), respectively. 20%VC + 40% RHS + 40% CF(T2), 40% VC+ 30% RHS + 30% CF(T3), 60% VC + 20% RHS + 20% CF(T4), 80% VC + 10% RHS + 10% CF(T5), and 100% VC(T6). The results showed that the pH, EC, N, P, K, Ca, and Mg available in media were increased with the addition of VC. This finding revealed that the addition of VC significantly improved the physic-chemical media properties, increasing the EC and also increasing the macronutrients in the media resulting in substantial increased the yield and quality of tomato fruits. It is concluded that EC of VC was the key factor for the positive increase of the productivity and quality of tomato and the salinity (EC at 3.52 dS/m) causing restriction of water to fruits that resulted in the increase of the total soluble solids in tomato fruit and without affecting yield reduction.     

Effects of Salinity Stress at Different Growth Stages on Tomato Growth,Yield, and Water-Use Efficiency

This study investigated the effects of salinity stress at different growth stages on the growth, yield, fruit quality, and water-use efficiency (WUE) of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants cultivated under soilless conditions. Six different growth stages were exposed to the same salinity stress treatments using a completely randomized design, with three pots (six plants) per treatment. It was found that short-term (<21 days) salinity stress during any of the growth stages did not affect tomato growth or WUE, and during the vegetative stage did not affect yield. Salinity stress during the flowering and fruiting stages caused a reduction in tomato yield, which was due to a reduction in the number of fruit produced rather than the fruit size. However, salt exposure at the fruiting stage also improved fruit quality. The effect of salinity stress on the yield and fruit quality of the frontal and later truss depended on the developmental stage of the truss at the time when the stress occurred.     

新型生物有机肥(NAEF)对番茄生长及土壤活性质量效应研究

应用盆栽试验研究了新型生物有机肥(NAEF)对番茄生长发育、产量及土壤活性质量等方面的作用效果。结果表明,NAEF能够明显提高番茄幼苗质量和促进后期生长发育,具有显著的增产效果,并能够不同程度的增加土壤中细菌、真菌、放线菌数量,增强脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶及过氧化氢酶活性。     

减施化肥配施有机肥对荔枝生长、产量品质及肥料利用率的影响

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