坚持预防为主 加大防控力度 切实做好高致病性禽流感防控工作

<正> 日前,农业部召开全国高致病性禽流感防控工作视频会议,通报近期国外高致病性禽流感疫情,分析国内高致病性禽流感防控形势,部署全国高致病性禽流感防控工作。农业部副部长尹成杰在讲话中要求,各地畜牧兽医部门要认真贯彻落实中央关于防控高致病性禽流感工作的方针、政策和措施,坚持预防为主,坚持依法防治,坚持科学防治,坚持实行综合防控措施,切实做好防控高致病性禽流感各项工作。会议指出,目前我国高致病性禽流感防控形势较为严峻。一些国家高致病性禽流感疫情呈明显扩大态势,疫情形势十分复杂。现在正值候鸟迁徙季节,全球有三条候鸟迁徙路线经过我国,带毒迁徙候鸟与家禽接触,容易引发新的疫情。国内部分地区家禽饲养方式相对落     

特别关注

农业部发布秋冬季防控禽流感应急实施方案为防止秋冬季高致病性禽流感疫情发生,切实做好各项应对准备工作,农业部制定下发了《2005年秋冬季防控高致病性禽流感应急实施方案》。目前,我国高致病性禽流感防控形势较为严峻。一些国家高致病性禽流感疫情呈明显扩大态势,形势十分复杂。世界卫生组织(WHO)等国际组织日前发出警告,禽流感疫情有大规模暴发的危险,呼吁各国提高警惕,做好应对准备。现在正值候鸟迁徙季节,全球有三条候鸟迁徙路线经过我国,带毒迁徙候鸟与家禽接触,容易引发新的疫情。国内部分地区家禽饲养方式相对落后,活禽流通和跨区…     

坚持预防为主 加大防控力度 切实做好高致病性禽流感防控工作

本刊讯，9月29目，农业部召开全国高致病性禽流感防控工作视频会议，通报近期国外高致病性禽流感疫情，分析国内高致病性禽流感防控形势，部署全国高致病性禽流感防控工作。会议指出，目前我国高致病性禽流感防控形势较为严峻。一些国家高致病性禽流感疫情呈明显扩大态势，疫情形势十分复杂。现在正值候鸟迁徙季节，全球有三条候鸟迁徙路线经过我国，带毒迁徙候鸟与家禽接触，容易引发新的疫情。国内部分地区家禽饲养方式相对落后，活禽流通和跨区域调运频繁，防控工作还存在一些薄弱环节。我国高致病性禽流感防控任务相当艰巨。     

农业部发布秋冬季防控禽流感应急实施方案

为防止秋冬季高致病性禽流感疫情发生,切实做好各项应对准备工作,农业部制定下发了《2005年秋冬季防控高致病性禽流感应急实施方案》。目前,我国高致病性禽流感防控形势较为严峻。一些国家高致病性禽流感疫情呈明显扩大态势,形势十分复杂。世界卫生组织(WHO)等国际组织日前发出警告,禽流感疫情有大规模暴发的危险,呼吁各国提高警惕,做好应对准备。现在正值候鸟迁徙季节,全球有三条候鸟迁徙路线经过我国,带毒迁徙候鸟与家禽接触,容易引发新的疫情。国内部分地区家禽饲养方式相对落后,活禽流通和跨区域调运频)繁,防控工作还存在一些薄弱环节…     

要闻与行业动态

农业部发布秋冬季防控禽流感应急实施方案为防止秋冬季高致病性禽流感疫情发生,切实做好各项应对准备工作,农业部制定下发了《2005年秋冬季防控高致病性禽流感应急实施方案》。目前,我国高致病性禽流感防控形势较为严峻。一些国家高致病性禽流感疫情呈明显扩大态势,形势十分复杂。世界卫生组织(W H O)等国际组织日前发出警告,禽流感疫情有大规模暴发的危险,呼吁各国提高警惕,做好应对准备。现在正值候鸟迁徙季节,全球有3条候鸟迁徙路线经过我国,带毒迁徙候鸟与家禽接触,容易引发新的疫情。农业部2005年秋冬季防控应急实施方案在总结2004年…     

新疆地区高致病性禽流感流行特点及防控

高致病性禽流感(HPAI)对新疆养禽业及公共卫生安全构成严重的威胁,防控形式十分严峻:新疆是老疫区,近年来疫情发生频繁;新疆有特殊的地理位置,与多个国家接壤,周边国家高致病性禽流感疫情形势复杂,从国外传入疫情的风险很大;新疆湿地面积大,是候鸟迁徙必经栖息地,在确定的中国候鸟3条主要迁徙路线中,新疆就占据了其中的1条,候鸟传播疫情的风险加大。而新疆在动物疫情监测及流行病学研究工作等方面相对滞后,不能满足疫病防控的需要,严重制约着本病的防治效果,因此对新疆地区高致病性禽流感的发生、流行规律和流行趋势开展流行病学调查及研…     

高致病性禽流感流行病学研究——东洞庭湖区迁徙鸟类调查

近年来,高致病性禽流感疫情已引起全球广泛关注,中国、美国、欧盟、日本等都投入大量财力和人力,试图找到预防疫情发生的方法,从已研究的高致病性禽流感传播途径来看,流行病学专家和鸟类专家普遍认为,候鸟是传播高致病性禽流感的主要途径之一。我国地处世界候鸟迁徙路线的关键位置,世界上8条重要候鸟迁徙通道中,有3条迁徒通道与我国候鸟迁徙有密切关系,从我国过境迁徙的候鸟种类和数量约占世界20%和25%左右。加强候鸟疫源疫病监测防控是从源头上防范H5N1型高致病性禽流感疫情的有效措施。湖南地处候鸟迁徙主要通道和越冬区,农业部公布的3条…     

吉林省查干湖地区高致病性禽流感风险评估报告

查干湖位于吉林省西北部松原市境内,是鸟类栖息及迁徙的理想场所,每年有近千万只候鸟迁徙至此,加之该地区养殖业发达,因此存在较高的禽流感病毒释放和暴露风险。一旦暴发高致病性禽流感疫情,将对该地区经济、社会、环境等多方面造成巨大影响。本文深入分析了查干湖地区高致病性禽流感风险状态,提出一系列降低禽流感发生和传播的风险管理措施,以期为完善查干湖地区高致病性禽流感防控体系的提供参考。     

近期全球H5N8亚型禽流感疫情分析

近期H5N8亚型高致病性禽流感疫情相继在欧洲、亚洲和大洋洲部分地区的14个国家暴发。其中,欧洲疫情呈现出传播迅速、野禽传染家禽的特点。分析发现,此次流行的H5N8亚型禽流感病毒属于第2.3.4.4分支,与2014—2015年在全球流行的H5N8病毒属于同一个分支,但病毒已发生了较大变异;此次在欧洲开始暴发的H5N8疫情主要由野生鸟类引起,候鸟在此次禽流感病毒环球传播中起主要作用。伴随着候鸟迁徙和周边国家的疫情形势,我国家禽发生禽流感疫情的风险较大,提示应做好疫苗的免疫工作,加大对家禽和野鸟的监测力度,提高养殖场的生物安全防护水平。     

亚洲传统兽医学会筹备会宣告成立

根据农业部通报，近期，我国周边国家H5N1亚型高致病性禽流感疫情频频发生．泰国、越南疫情不断，俄罗斯新西伯利亚州、阿尔泰边疆区和秋明州．哈萨克斯坦北部的巴普洛达尔州相继发生．日本、印尼等国家也有发生。秋季来临，候鸟迁徙频繁，周边国家的侯鸟迁徙将经过我国，对禽流感防控工作造成威胁。为此，省农委近日发出通知，提出防控候鸟迁徙引发高致病性禽流感发生蔓延的措施。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.