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1.
Accumulation of carbon (C) in biomass and soil, and using forest residues for bioenergy are examples of forestry’s contribution to reducing the enhanced concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The aim of this report was to study the effect of rotation length on carbon accumulation in biomass and soil, and on the amount of forest residues that could substitute fossil fuel during 2000–2100. Two models, based on inventory data from the Swedish National Forest Inventory, were used to simulate the effects of a changed rotation length in the region of Dalarna (1.8 × 106 ha), in central Sweden. During the studied period, the accumulation of carbon in biomass was 32 kg C ha?1 yr?1 larger for the prolonged rotation period and 105 kg C ha?1 yr?1 smaller for the shortened rotation period compared with the base scenario. The build-up of carbon in forest soil was 23 kg C ha?1 yr?1 larger for the prolonged rotation than for the base scenario, whereas the shortened rotation was 24 kg C ha?1 yr?1 smaller than the base scenario. The potential to substitute fossil fuel was 37 kg C ha?1 yr?1 larger for the shortened rotation and 17 kg C ha?1 yr?1 smaller for the prolonged rotation compared with the base scenario. The annual accumulation of carbon in biomass decreased in all scenarios, which resulted in a prolonged rotation scenario possibly being a poor long-term solution (> 100 yrs). The amount of forest residues that could substitute fossil fuel increased in all scenarios during the studied period.  相似文献   

2.
本文根据黄土高原地区284个县气象多占1951~1985年的气候资料,应用动态聚类分析法,把黄土高原地区划分成6个不同类型的林业气候区。区划结果与实际考察基本相符合。  相似文献   

3.
通过对净月潭国家森林公园28年森林火灾资料统计分析,结果表明:28年来累积发生森林火灾17次,其中12次为人为火引起,占起火原因的70.6%,春季为林火高发期。根据园区目前森林火灾与防火现状,提出加强森林防火管护力度、加强森林防火宣传设施建设、加强森林防火宣传力度、提高游客森林防火意识、加强森林火灾安全隐患排查力度5项对策。  相似文献   

4.
农林生物质的高效、无公害、资源化利用   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
研究了农林生物质同时制取气、炭、液产品的工艺、设备及三种产品的高效、无公害、资源化利用途径.将农林生物质送入气化炉,有限量的供氧使其同时转化为炭、气、液三种产物,并可通过改变工艺条件调整三种产品的产量和质量.该过程产生大量的可燃气体,经气液分离、纯化后可用于发电或供气;冷凝同收得到的醋液可用于家畜饲养的消毒液、除臭剂或用于农药、肥料的助剂、促进作物生长的叶面肥,在有机作物中效果奇特;得到的生物质炭产品富含作物生长的必需营养元素,对水和肥有长效缓释作用,对重金属污染、退化的土壤具有改良、修复作用,可制成有机复合肥或钢铁工业的保温材料等.  相似文献   

5.
As forest fuel demand increases, new logistical solutions are needed. Most of the increase in use is expected to take place in large heat and power production units which set special requirements for the supply as both procurement volumes and transport distances increase. Biomass fuel terminals broaden the spectrum of available supply options by offering cost-effective large-scale biomass storage and processing options for securing the fuel supply in all conditions. This study aimed to study different costs of a satellite terminal and to produce important concept and cost information for developing forest fuel logistics based on future terminals. The figures indicate that terminals do not create direct cost benefits per se: direct supply chains are more economical compared to supply through terminals. However, there are several indirect benefits that can be reached via fuel supply through terminals: regional fuel procurement can be widened to a national scale, security of supply increases through easily available storages, large supply volumes can be delivered by an individual operator, prices remain more stable and a more even quality of delivered fuel can be achieved.  相似文献   

6.
With increasing CO2 in the atmosphere, there is an urgent need of reliable estimates of biomass and carbon pools in tropical forests, most especially in Africa where there is a serious lack of data. Information on current annual increment (CAI) of carbon biomass resulting from direct field measurements is crucial in this context, to know how forest ecosystems will affect the carbon cycle and also to validate eddy covariance flux measurements. Biomass data were collected from 25 plots of 13 ha spread over the different vegetation types and land uses of a moist evergreen forest of 772,066 ha in Cameroon. With site-specific allometric equations, we estimated biomass and aboveground and belowground carbon pools. We used GIS technology to develop a carbon biomass map of our study area. The CAI was estimated using the growth rates obtained from tree rings analysis. The carbon biomass was on average 264 ± 48 Mg ha−1. This estimate includes aboveground carbon, root carbon and soil organic carbon down to 30 cm depth. This value varied from 231 ± 45 Mg ha−1 of carbon in Agro-Forests to 283 ± 51 Mg ha−1 of carbon in Managed Forests and to 278 ± 56 Mg ha−1 of carbon in National Park. The carbon CAI varied from 2.54 ± 0.65 Mg ha−1 year−1 in Agro-Forests to 2.79 ± 0.72 Mg ha−1 year−1 in Managed Forests and to 2.85 ± 0.72 Mg ha−1 year−1 in National Park. This study provides estimates of biomass, carbon pools and CAI of carbon biomass from a forest landscape in Cameroon as well as an appropriate methodology to estimate these components and the related uncertainty.  相似文献   

7.
苏北海堤防护林主要造林树种林分生物量与生产力的研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
对海堤防护林水杉、刺槐和柳杉林分生物量进行测定,建立了林木干、皮、枝、叶、根及全树生物量相对生长模型。据此模型和每木检尺数据估算,柳杉、刺槐和水杉林分乔木层的现存生物量分别为110.87、89.51和72.18t/hm^2,年均净生长量分别烽4.81t/hm^2。刺槐、水杉干材最大,占林分总生物量66 ̄62%,柳杉干材仅占47.6%,而枝叶约占30%。  相似文献   

8.
丛燕  魏云敏 《林业科技》2011,36(3):54-56
采用空间序列代替时间系列的方法,对不同程度火烧迹地中阔叶林和白桦落叶松林生物量变化进行动态研究的结果表明:在中、重度火烧迹地中,灌木生物量曲线波动幅度剧烈,草本生物量曲线波动幅度较小,最后都逐渐趋于稳定;在轻度火烧迹地中,草本、灌木生物量开始阶段迅速增加,之后呈现较小幅度波动,最后逐渐趋于稳定。乔木生物量在轻、中、重度火烧迹地中都呈增长趋势;在阔叶林和白桦落叶松林两种林型的不同程度火烧迹地中,总生物量与火后时间具有较强的相关性。  相似文献   

9.
丛燕  魏荣华  袁强 《林业科技》2011,36(2):17-19
采用空间序列代替时间系列的方法,对阔叶林和白桦落叶松林火烧迹地生物量变化进行研究的结果表明:在阔叶林和白桦落叶松林的火烧迹地中,总生物量随着火烧后时间的延长呈增长趋势;在中、重度火烧迹地中,草本生物量、灌木生物量占总生物量的比例在火烧后15年间波动比较大,15年后趋于稳定;在轻度火烧迹地中,火烧1年后波动趋于平缓。  相似文献   

10.
森林土壤呼吸在陆地生态系统的碳平衡中发挥了重要作用,准确估算森林土壤呼吸量对于了解陆地碳平衡的变化至关重要。这项研究以全球气候数据、全球森林土壤呼吸数据库为基础数据,通过开发人工神经网络(ANN)模型建立由年平均气温(MAT)、年平均降水(MAP)、森林类型驱动的土壤呼吸模型,预测全球森林土壤呼吸变化。模型估算的结果表明,从 1960 年到 2017 年,全球森林平均年土壤呼吸量为 40.10±0.48 Pg C yr-1,全球森林土壤对全球土壤呼吸的贡献在 40.9% - 49.8% 之间。人工神经网络模型预测的准确度达到 0.63,进一步改善了全球森林土壤呼吸模型预测的精度。  相似文献   

11.
不同类型油松林生物量碳密度的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
综合分析了油松林生物量碳密度的估算方法,对油松人工林与天然林、纯林与混交林碳密度进行比较,结果显示:油松天然林乔木层的碳密度(63.34t/hm2)是人工林(42.14t/hm2)的1.5倍,且其变化幅度大于人工林;油松天然林生态系统的碳密度(154.98t/hm2)大干人工林(103.46t/hm2),其变化幅度也较人工林大。油松纯林乔木层碳密度(42.60t/hm2)大于混交林(28.31t/hm2),而生态系统碳密度(95.89t/hm2)小于混交林(109.26t/hm2)。  相似文献   

12.
    
Abstract

Even though stumpwood may become a significant part of the future fuel mix for combined heat and power plants in Sweden, the harvesting of stumps after regeneration felling is still only performed on a trial basis. Results from time studies on two, 23 tonne, excavators fitted for stump lifting, together with follow-up data on stump lifting and forwarding, are presented. Lifting, splitting, and piling the stumps accounted for 17, 32, and 32%, respectively, of the total productive work time. A predictive model was developed to estimate operational times and productivities when lifting pine and spruce stumps. Stump diameter, species, and terrain conditions contributed significantly to the fit of the model. The model predicts that productivity of stump lifting in spruce sites with easy terrain conditions and average stump diameters of 20 and 40 cm will be 1.23 and 4.19 oven-dry tonnes (ODT) per productive work hour, respectively. This is 43% higher than in pine sites with difficult terrain conditions and the same diameters. In the follow-up data, the productivity in stump lifting varied from 1.5 to 2.9 ODT per productive work hour while the cost for lifting and extraction to roadside varied from 37.8 to 59.4 €/ODT.  相似文献   

13.
气候变化对中国森林火险的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
[目的]在全国尺度上研究气候变化对森林火险的影响,为我国宏观林火管理提供科学参考依据。[方法]研究区包括中国的主要森林分布区,并根据中国生态地理系统分成6个区域,研究过去50年和未来2021-2050年的主要气候特征及火险变化。地面气候资料包括824个国家级基准、基本站的日值观测资料(1961-2010年)数据集,利用距离方向加权平均法把各气象因子差值到空间分辨率为0.25°×0.25°的网格点。气候情景数据包括4个情景(RCP2.6、RCP4.5、RCP6.0和RCP8.5)下5个全球气候模式(GFDL-ESM2M、HadGEM2-ES、IPSL-CM5A-LR、MIROC-ESM-CHEM和NorESM1-M)的日值数据(1951-2050年),水平分辨率为0.5°×0.5°。分别根据观测数据和订正后的气候模式预测数据计算每个格点每日的森林火险天气指数。因子突变检验采用Mann-Kendall法。[结果]历史观测数据表明,基准时段(1971-2010年)研究区平均气温呈上升趋势,但降水量无明显变化。1961-2010年各森林分布区的火险期平均气温增加趋势显著,而降水量只有中温带干旱地区荒漠针叶林区显著增加,其他区域的变化不显著。1976-2010年各生态地理区内森林分布区的火险期指数平均值大部分表现出增加趋势。区域气候情景模型预测2021-2050年森林分布区的平均气温将增加1.6~2.1℃,降水将增加2.3%~4.8%。2021-2050年各生态区防火期的平均气温在都比基准时段显著增加,但降水量只有寒温带湿润地区针叶林区和中北亚热带湿润地区阔叶林、人工植被区显著增加。RCP2.6、RCP4.5、RCP6.0和RCP8.5情景下火险天气指数95th百分位数比基准时段分别增加13.5%,18.9%,14.9%和22.33%;不同气候情景下的火险天气指数的未来增量存在空间差异,其中南方和西南林区的高火险天气日数将明显增加。[结论]1976-2010年我国的森林火险指数表现出增加趋势。气候模式对气温与降水的模拟基本和观测值一致,其预测的2021-2050年我国森林分布区的平均气温和降水量都将有所增加,导致火险期气候呈现暖干化变化趋势,大部分区域的火险指数将升高,尤其南方比北方林区的增幅更加显著,华北和西南地区将是未来森林火灾预防的重点区域。目前气候模型还不能很好地模拟极端气候事件,这对森林火险的分析会有一定的影响,但研究结果可以反映森林火险天气的变化趋势。未来需要更加注重极端气候事件对森林火险和潜在火行为影响的研究。  相似文献   

14.
秃杉混交林生产力研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
对秃杉、杉木、火力楠混交林,秃杉、杉木混交林以及秃杉、杉木纯林的生物量及其空间结构进行了研究。结果表明:秃杉混交林比秃杉纯林具有更高的生产力,混交林中又以秃杉、杉木、火力楠混交林的生产力最高,林分总蓄积量达75.06 m3/hm2,总生物量达81.57t/hm2,分别比秃杉纯林高34.4%和37.7%。混交林林分具有一定成层性,林分结构比秃杉纯林更有利于生物量的积累,而且秃杉比杉木曼速生。  相似文献   

15.
伊春林区有丰富的林木生物质,伊春市林木生物质年生长量331万t,相当于231.7万t标煤,可发电55.4亿度,林木生物质储藏量4176.57万t,相当于3341万t标煤,可发电799亿度。无论是林木生物质历史存量还是年增长量,资源潜力都是巨大的。发展生物质能发电项目,营造能源林,形成林区能源产业带,具有得天独厚的条件。实现热电联产可以节省大量冬季取暖供热煤炭消耗,创造巨大的经济效益。经过不断发展形成林区能源产业带,不但可以带动能源林建设的发展,还可以安置大量人员就业,社会效益十分显著。  相似文献   

16.
湖南省油茶林产量调查研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过连续7年对湖南省25个油茶林样地的产量状况进行调查测定,结果表明:油茶自然低产林平均产果量只有2 382 kg/hm~2,油茶低产林经改造后产量提高2.01倍,4年平均产果量达到了4 788 kg/hm~2。油茶林采用良种+良法,造林第四年产果量1 249.5 kg/hm~2,第五年产果量3 075 kg/hm~2,第六年产果量5 497.5kg/hm~2,盛产期产果量9 757.5 kg/hm~2。油茶花期,油茶花芽分化与油脂转换高峰期的气候条件对油茶产量有较大的影响,尤其是油茶盛产期良种林,由于其产量高,对水、养分等需求量大,更容易受花期低温阴雨、高温干旱等灾害性气候的影响。  相似文献   

17.
细根在森林生态系统物质循环和能量流动中具有十分重要的和不可替代的作用.为了解川西亚高山/高山森林生态系统功能,研究了川西亚高山/高山冷杉林(PFF)、20 a生和10 a生粗枝云杉林(SF20和SF10)以及红桦次生林(BF)的细根生物量及其碳储量.所有生态系统的细根生物量及碳储量均随着土壤深度增加而递减,并与土壤剖面结构和物种有关.61.5%细根分布在0-20 cm层,13.3%和25.2%细根分布在有机层和深层土壤.由于表层土壤具有较高的养分含量,因而吸收根系分布在表层土壤有利于林木的生长发育.PFF、SF20、SF10和BF的细根生物量分别为1489 Kg·hm-2、938 kg·hm-2、838 kg·hm-2、773 ks·hm-2,根系碳储量分别为0.775MgC·hm-2、0.469 MgC·hm-2、0.419 MgC·hm-2、0.387 MgC·hm-2.  相似文献   

18.
紫珠无性系人工林生物量的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
对湘西南地区紫珠无性人工林进行了生物量的研究,结果表明:不同品种生物量以紫珠品种最多,2 a生为21.43 t/hm2,大叶紫珠品种次之;品种中各器官生物量排序,紫珠和大叶紫珠相同(即茎>根>叶>枝>果),而长叶紫珠和红紫珠则各不同,说明前2个品种的生物特性和物质运转分配规律相似;从不同品种各器官生物量分配的比较中,则看出各品种各有其生长特点和优势,例紫珠品种结实量比例较其他品种多,后代繁殖较快,大叶紫珠主茎生长较好,干形高大;造林密度生物量以45 000~60 000株/hm2较好,无论对群体或个体都能保持较高的产量水平;径级生物量以平均地径1.1~1.4 cm的林分最多;幼龄阶段生物量随年龄增大而增加,2 a生以前叶>枝,在这以后枝>叶;萌芽更新生物量以经营2代萌林最多。这些规律的研究为充分利用资源潜力,营造速生丰产林药材制定各项经营措施提供科学依据。  相似文献   

19.
U.S. forests, including family-owned forests, are a potential source of biomass for renewable energy. Family forest owners constitute a significant portion of the overall forestland in the U.S., yet little is known about family forest owners' preferences for supplying wood-based biomass. The goal of this study is to understand how Massachusetts family forest owners feel about harvesting residual woody biomass from their property. The study estimates the probability that Massachusetts landowners will harvest biomass as part of a timber harvest using data from a survey of 932 Massachusetts family forest owners. Logistic regression results suggest that the likelihood of harvesting for biomass is quite low, and that the supply of participation in biomass harvesting is inelastic with respect to price. These low probabilities may be due to the method used to account for preference uncertainty, as well as the unique nature of Massachusetts forests, forest markets, and landowner attitudes in comparison to other states (e.g., Minnesota). The study suggests that it would be more effective to target renewable energy policy toward different regions and/or markets rather than develop a uniform national policy.  相似文献   

20.
世界私有林补贴制度形成过程纵向分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
文中以时间为序列, 以工业革命为主线, 利用逻辑推理的方法, 概括了世界私有林补贴制度形成的3个阶段:木材需求的急剧扩张——根源, 缓解木材需求紧张政策的提出——演进, 林业扶持政策的拓展——形成, 得出了世界私有林补贴制度的形成具有滞后性的结论, 然后从经济学的角度对其原因进行分析, 揭示了私有林补贴制度诞生的客观必然性, 勾勒出世界性私有林补贴制度的发展轨迹。  相似文献   

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