转内切葡聚糖酶植物乳杆菌对断奶獭兔生产性能与免疫性能的影响

本试验通过饮水添加转内切葡聚糖酶基因植物乳杆菌(L.plantarum pLEM-cel),探究L.plantarum pLEM-cel对30日龄断奶獭兔生产性能和免疫性能的影响。将30日龄健康獭兔随机分为3组(每组20只,每只为1个重复)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在饲喂基础日粮的基础上分别饮水添加L.plantarum pLEM-cel和植物乳杆菌(L.plantarum)。试验期31d。结果显示,饮水添加L.plantarum pLEM-cel可提高平均日增重,显著降低断奶獭兔的料重比(P<0.05);显著提高断奶獭兔的全净膛率和胸腺指数、十二指肠绒毛高度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度(v/c)以及回肠绒毛高度(P<0.05)。添加L.plantarum pLEM-cel可显著提高断奶獭兔的血清IgG和肠黏膜SIgA含量、小肠黏膜IFN-γ及IL-2基因的相对表达量。结果表明,饮水添加L.plantarum pLEM-cel,可以提高断奶獭兔的生产性能,改善机体的免疫水平。     

加温饲养和定时饲喂对断奶仔猪肠黏膜形态和肠道发育的影响

试验旨在探索对仔猪床进行加温处理以及采用定时饲喂的方式的对早期断奶仔猪不同肠段黏膜形态和肠道发育的影响,从而为确定断奶仔猪适宜的饲养温度和科学的饲喂方式提供理论依据。试验采用2×2因子设计。选用21日龄杜长大断奶仔猪240头,随机分到4个处理组:1):28~30℃的仔猪床加温处理组;2)23~25℃的低温对照组(炉火暖气管道舍内加热);加温处理组和低温对照组中又根据不同的饲喂模式分为每天6次定时饲喂组和自由采食组。每个处理6个重复,每个重复10头猪。经过14 d的试验之后,在每圈仔猪中随机抽取1头,屠宰后取样检测小肠黏膜的绒毛高度、隐窝深度和肠壁厚度。结果表明:加温饲养组(28~30℃)的仔猪空肠中段的绒毛高度显著高于低温对照组(23~25℃)(P<0.05)。加温饲养组十二指肠的隐窝深度和空肠中段的肠壁厚度显著低于低温对照组(P<0.05)。定时饲喂饲养的仔猪空肠后段的绒毛高度显著高于自由采食饲养的仔猪(P<0.05)。定时饲喂组仔猪空肠中段的肠壁厚度和十二指肠隐窝深度显著低于自由采食组(P<0.05)。2因子的互作效应表明:加温定时饲喂组饲养的仔猪空肠后段的绒毛高度显著高于其他处理组。低温自由采食组饲养的仔猪空肠后段的绒毛高度极显著低于其他处理组(P<0.01)。加温定时饲喂组的仔猪空肠中段的肠壁厚度极显著低于其他处理组(P<0.01)。由结果可知,28~30℃的加温饲养组以及定时饲喂的饲喂模式有利于仔猪的肠道黏膜形态的改善,有益于肠道的发育和健康。     

复方穿心莲对AA+肉鸡肠黏膜结构的影响

本试验旨在研究复方穿心莲对AA+肉鸡肠道黏膜结构的影响。将1日龄240只AA+肉仔鸡随机分为A、B、C、D 4组,试验组添加不同浓度的复方穿心莲,饲喂至42日龄,取7、35和42日龄肉鸡肠道组织,制成切片测量其绒毛长度、隐窝深度、肠壁厚度。结果表明,与空白组相比,A、B组肉鸡7、35和42日龄肠绒毛长度显著增加（P＜0.05）;隐窝深度显著降低（P＜0.05）;C组肉鸡35日龄肠壁厚度显著（P＜0.05）高于其它组。复方穿心莲能明显增加AA+肉鸡绒毛长度,降低隐窝深度和肠壁厚度。     

日粮中添加蛋白酶对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道形态和消化酶的影响

为研究日粮中添加蛋白酶对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道形态和消化酶活性的影响,试验采用单因子完全随机试验设计,将50头28日龄断奶仔猪随机分为两组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加0.1%复合蛋白酶制剂。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组断奶仔猪的平均日增重提高5.1%,料重比降低4.67%;试验组空肠的绒毛高度(VH)显著提高40.66μm(P<0.05),且绒毛隐窝比值提高了9.94%(P<0.05);试验组空肠的蛋白酶活性、淀粉酶活性均极显著升高,分别提高了2.89U/mL和23.25U/mL(P<0.01)。综上所述,在饲料中添加蛋白酶明显提高了仔猪的日增重,降低了料重比和成本,且促进了肠道绒毛和隐窝结构的发育和肠道消化酶的活性,改善了仔猪的生长性能。     

低聚木糖对断奶仔猪肠道pH和肠黏膜形态结构的影响

本试验通过在日粮中添加低聚木糖探讨其对早期断奶仔猪肠道结构功能的影响。试验选用72头35日龄、体重9.81±0.41 kg杜＆#215;长＆#215;大三元杂交仔猪,随机分配成4组,每组3个重复,每个重复6头仔猪,公母各半。第1组为对照组,饲喂玉米-豆粕基础日粮;其余3组分别在各组日粮中添加0.01%、0.02%、0.04%低聚木糖作为试验组。试验预饲期2 d,正试期为28 d。于试验的最后1 d从各重复中随机选取1头仔猪屠宰,并测定胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠和结肠内容物的pH及十二指肠、空肠和回肠黏膜上皮的绒毛高度和隐窝深度。试验结果显示,试验组猪的胃及各肠段的pH比对照组均有所降低,尤其是0.02%低聚木糖组,差异显著（P＜0.05）;试验组各肠段的绒毛高度均高于对照组,差异显著（P＜0.05）,隐窝深度低于对照组,但差异不显著（P＞0.05）,绒毛高度与隐窝深度之比显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。本试验结果表明,在早期断奶仔猪的日粮中添加低聚木糖,能降低胃肠道内容物的pH,改善早期断奶仔猪肠道的形态结构,以0.02%低聚木糖组效果最为明显。     

新型发酵豆粕对断奶仔猪生长性能及胃肠道发育的影响

为了研究新型发酵豆粕对断奶仔猪生长性能和胃肠道发育的影响,根据胎次、体重相近原则,选用26日龄断奶体重为(4.75±0.38)kg的90头杜枫姜仔猪分为对照组、试验Ⅰ组(日粮+17.5%发酵豆粕)和试验Ⅱ组(日粮+35%发酵豆粕),每组3个重复,每个重复10头,试验为期20 d。结果:与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ(P<0.05)、Ⅱ组(P<0.01)仔猪日增重效果均显著;料重比分别降低4.21%(P>0.05)、19.47%(P<0.05);腹泻率均显著低于对照组;两试验组仔猪胃内容物pH值均显著降低(P<0.01);而胃黏膜厚度及胃壁厚度显著增加(P<0.01)。试验Ⅱ组的肠绒毛高度、绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值显著高于对照组(P<0.05),隐窝深度和肠壁厚度显著降低;试验Ⅰ组肠道发育也有所改善。表明新型发酵豆粕可提高断奶仔猪生长性能,降低腹泻率,促进仔猪胃肠道发育,且完全替代普通豆粕时效果最佳。     

不同酸化饲料对断奶仔猪影响的研究

本试验选用168头平均35 d断奶的种仔猪,随机分成3组,每组3个重复,每组分别饲喂不同处理的酸化日粮,以酸结合力(BC)和pH表示。其中基础日粮组(第3组)的BC/pH为23.3/6.11,2个试验组(第2组和第1组)的BC/pH分别是14.9/4.9和11.9/4.51。研究酸化日粮对断奶仔猪生产性能、肠道组织结构及生理指标等的影响。结果表明:饲喂不同BC/pH值饲料的仔猪采食量、日增重和饲料转化率差异不显著,但低BC/pH值日粮(11.9/4.51)降低了断奶仔猪的腹泻发生;对应激仔猪十二指肠绒毛高度影响差异显著(P<0.05);对结肠内容物中的大肠杆菌活菌数影响差异显著(P<0.05);对血液内电解质平衡值dEB影响差异不显著(P>0.05);对结肠内容物中的挥发性脂肪酸VFA含量影响差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

地衣芽孢杆菌和低聚木糖对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道形态和通透性及粪便微生物的影响

为研究地衣芽孢杆菌和低聚木糖对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道形态和通透性及粪便微生物的影响,试验采用体重、健康状况相近的(25±1)日龄断奶仔猪160头,随机分为4组(对照组、400mg/kg地衣芽孢杆菌组、200mg/kg低聚木糖组和地衣芽孢杆菌+低聚木糖组),每组5个重复,每个重复8头仔猪。结果表明:(1)地衣芽孢杆菌组和低聚木糖组断奶仔猪的平均日增重显著提高15.1%和12.8%(P<0.05),腹泻率显著降低34.1%和41.2%(P<0.05);地衣芽孢杆菌组断奶仔猪的料肉比显著降低10.6%(P<0.05);(2)地衣芽孢杆菌组和低聚木糖组断奶仔猪空肠的绒毛高度显著提高20.3%和16.3%(P<0.05),绒隐比显著提高31.5%和20.7%;(3)地衣芽孢杆菌组断奶仔猪血清D-乳酸和二胺氧化酶(DAO)水平显著降低14.6%和19.1%(P<0.05);(4)低聚木糖组断奶仔猪粪便乳杆菌数量显著提高5.3%(P<0.05);地衣芽孢杆菌组和低聚木糖组断奶仔猪粪便大肠杆菌数量显著降低12.5%和9.4%(P<0.05),并且两者有显著的互作效应(P<0.05)。因此,断奶仔猪日粮中添加地衣芽孢杆菌和低聚木糖可以改善仔猪的生长性能,降低腹泻率,改善肠道绒毛结构和屏障功能,促进肠道微生物平衡。     

桑叶低聚糖对大口黑鲈生长性能以及肠道消化酶活性、免疫功能和菌群的影响

本试验旨在探究饲料中添加桑叶低聚糖（MLO）对大口黑鲈生长性能以及肠道消化酶活性、免疫功能和菌群的影响。试验选择平均初始体重为（26.89±1.16） g的大口黑鲈幼鱼450尾,随机分成3组,每组3个重复,每个重复50尾。对照组饲喂基础饲料,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲料的基础上添加0.5%和1.0%MLO的试验饲料。试验期80 d。结果表明：1）与对照组相比,试验组大口黑鲈饲料系数（FCR）和脏体比（VSI）显著降低（P<0.05）,1.0%MLO组肝体比（HSI）显著降低（P<0.05）。2）与对照组相比,试验组大口黑鲈肠道α-淀粉酶、脂肪酶和胰蛋白酶活性显著提高（P<0.05）,试验组肠道绒毛高度、绒毛宽度和肌层厚度均无显著差异（P>0.05）。3）与对照组相比,试验组大口黑鲈肠道菌群Sobs指数、ACE指数和Chao1指数显著降低（P<0.05）;0.5%MLO组Simpson指数显著高于对照组和1.0%MLO组（P<0.05）。在门水平上,与对照组相比,试验组大口黑鲈肠道厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）相对丰度显著降低（P<0.05）,肠道...     

虫草多糖对蛋鸡产蛋后期生产性能、蛋品质和肠道形态结构的影响

本试验旨在研究虫草多糖对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和肠道形态结构的影响。试验选取70周龄产蛋率相近的海兰褐蛋鸡270只,随机分为3个组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只鸡。试验设对照组(饲喂基础饲粮)、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组(分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.01%和0.02%虫草多糖的饲粮)。预试期7 d,正试期45 d。以重复为单位每天记录蛋鸡产蛋数、破软蛋数和蛋重,每周记录其采食量,计算产蛋率、破软蛋率、平均日产蛋重、平均日采食量和料蛋比;试验结束后,蛋鸡禁食12 h,取其十二指肠、空肠和回肠,测定肠道绒毛高度、隐窝深度、肠壁厚度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组的蛋鸡产蛋后期的产蛋率以及其空肠、回肠的绒毛高度和十二指肠肠壁厚度显著提高(P<0.05),料蛋比显著降低(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组蛋鸡的平均日产蛋重显著提高(P<0.05),但饲粮中添加不同剂量的虫草多糖对蛋鸡产蛋后期的破软蛋率和蛋品质均无显著影响(P>0.05)。综上所述,蛋鸡产蛋后期饲粮中添加0.01%和0.02%的虫草多糖可提高其生产性能,改善肠道形态结构。     

Effects of adding liquid dl‐methionine hydroxy analogue‐free acid to drinking water on growth performance and small intestinal morphology of nursery pigs

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of adding liquid dl ‐methionine hydroxy analogue free acid (LMA) to drinking water on growth performance, small intestinal morphology and volatile fatty acids in the caecum of nursery pigs. Twenty‐four crossbred pigs (Large White × Landrace, BW ～18 kg) were divided into three groups with four replications of two piglets each. The piglets received drinking water without (control), with 0.05 or 0.10% LMA. The results indicated that adding LMA at 0.10% to drinking water significantly increased their weight gain, average daily feed intake (p < 0.05) and tended to improve the feed conversion ratio. Adding LMA to drinking water significantly increased their water intake and significantly reduced the pH of drinking water (p < 0.01), thus total plate count (p < 0.01) and Escherichia coli in drinking water was reduced (p < 0.05), while the total number of bacteria in the caecum was not significantly affected. Liquid dl ‐methionine hydroxy analogue free acid supplementation in drinking water tended to decrease pH in the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, colon and rectum. Furthermore, adding LMA at 0.10% significantly increased villous height in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum (p < 0.05), and the villous height:crypt depth ratio in the jejunum and ileum (p < 0.01) was higher, whereas acetic acid concentration in the caecum was significantly lower than in the control group. It could be concluded that adding LMA to drinking water improved growth performance of the nursery pigs because of high water quality and high nutrient utilization caused by an improvement of small intestinal morphology (not from nutritional effect of methionine source).     

Effect of HMBi on Slaughter Performance,Intestinal Mucosal Morphology and Intestinal Enzyme Activity of Fujian Yellow Rabbits

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of HMBi on slaughter performance,intestinal mucosal morphology and intestinal enzyme activity of Fujian Yellow rabbits.100 weaning rabbits (half male and half female) with similar weight were randomly allotted to 4 groups with 5 replicates per group and 5 rabbits per replicate.The control group was fed a basal diet,groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were fed the basal diets supplemented with 0.20%,0.40% and 0.60% HMBi,respectively.The pre-test period lasted for 10 days and the trial period lasted for 52 days.The results showed as follows:① Compared with control group,the slaughter weight and dressing percentage in group Ⅱ were significantly and extremely significantly increased (P<0.05;P<0.01),respectively,the carcass weight in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly increased (P<0.05).② Compared with control group,the villous height of duodenum and jejunum in group Ⅱ were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01),the villous height of jejunum and ileum in group Ⅲ were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01);The crypt depth of duodenum and jejunum in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly or extremely significantly decreased (P<0.05;P<0.01),the crypt depth of ileum in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly increased (P<0.05);The V/C of duodenum and ileum in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly or extremely significantly increased (P<0.05;P<0.01),the V/C of jejunum in group Ⅲ was extremely significantly increased (P<0.01).③ Compared with control group,the amylase activity in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly increased (P<0.05).In conclusion,HMBi could enhance dressing percentage,improve intestinal mucosal morphology and increase intestinal enzyme activity of Fujian Yellow rabbits.Under this experiment conditions,the appropriate HMBi level in the diet of Fujian Yellow rabbits was 0.40%.     

蛋氨酸羟基类似物异丙酯(HMBi)对福建黄兔屠宰性能、肠道黏膜形态和肠道酶活的影响

本试验旨在研究蛋氨酸羟基类似物异丙酯(HMBi)对福建黄兔屠宰性能、肠道组织形态和肠道酶活的影响。选取体重相近、健康的断奶福建黄兔100只(公、母各半),随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复5只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在基础日粮中分别添加0.20%、0.40%、0.60% HMBi。预试期10 d,正试期52 d。结果表明,①与对照组相比,Ⅱ组屠体重和屠宰率分别显著和极显著提高(P<0.05;P<0.01),Ⅱ、Ⅲ组胴体重显著提高(P<0.05)。②与对照组相比,Ⅱ组十二指肠和空肠绒毛高度极显著提高(P<0.01),Ⅲ组空肠和回肠绒毛高度极显著提高(P<0.01);Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组十二指肠和空肠隐窝深度显著或极显著降低(P<0.05;P<0.01),Ⅱ、Ⅲ组回肠隐窝深度显著提高(P<0.05);Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组十二指肠和回肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值显著或极显著提高(P<0.05;P<0.01),Ⅲ组空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值极显著提高(P<0.01)。③与对照组相比,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组淀粉酶活性显著提高(P<0.05)。综上所述,HMBi可提高福建黄兔的屠宰率,改善小肠黏膜形态,增加肠道酶活性;在本试验条件下,福建黄兔日粮中HMBi的适宜添加水平为0.40%。     

饲粮纤维源对仔猪生长性能、肠道发育及其消化酶活性的影响

通过检测饲粮中添加不同来源的纤维对猪生长性能、肠道发育及其消化酶活性的影响,初步探讨饲粮纤维源调控仔猪肠道健康的可能机制。试验共选取健康状况良好、体重均一[(9.26±0.17) kg]的仔猪840头(杜×长×大;32日龄),随机分为3个处理组:对照组(control group, CG),苜蓿草粉组(alfalfa meal group, AG),商品浓缩纤维组(commodity concentrated fiber, OG),每个处理4个重复,每个重复70头仔猪。预试期3 d,试验于35日龄开始,60日龄结束时屠宰取样,测量肠道重量及长度,观察小肠段绒毛形态结构并测定消化酶活性。结果发现,AG较CG显著降低仔猪的腹泻率(P<0.05),但对仔猪平均日增重、平均日采食量、料肉比均无显著影响(P>0.05);AG、OG较CG显著提高仔猪的大肠段长度和重量(P<0.05);AG较CG改善了空肠的绒毛高度及绒隐比(P>0.05),AG较OG显著提高了空肠的绒毛高度及绒隐比(P<0.05),OG较CG显著提高了回肠的绒毛高度(P<0.05);OG较CG显著降低了空肠中淀粉酶活性(P<0.05),AG较CG、OG显著提高了糜蛋白酶活性(P<0.05)。结果表明,饲粮中添加适量的苜蓿草粉可以促进仔猪的肠道发育,降低仔猪腹泻率,从而有利于仔猪生长发育。     

3种中草药对断奶仔猪小肠形态学影响的比较研究

本研究旨在比较神曲、麦芽、山楂3种助消化中草药对断奶仔猪小肠不同部位组织形态学的影响。本试验以杜长大三元猪为研究对象,选取40头28日龄、体重为(8.13±1.32)kg断奶仔猪,添加1%的中草药饲喂,分空白组、神曲组、麦芽组、山楂组,每组两个重复,每重复5头,分别在试验第7和14天早晨空腹屠宰取样,经HE染色,200×显微镜下照相,用Image-Pro Plus软件测定小肠各段绒毛高度(VH)、隐窝深度(CD)、肠壁厚度(IWT)、绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值(V/C)。结果显示,神曲组在回肠段的IWT显著或极显著高于空白组(P<0.05;P<0.01);第7天时山楂组的十二指肠和空肠的VH和IWT均极显著低于空白组(P<0.01),回肠段的IWT和第14天回肠段VH均极显著高于空白组(P<0.01);第7天的麦芽组十二指肠和空肠VH及空肠IWT均极显著低于空白组(P<0.01),第7天的回肠段CD及十二指肠和回肠段IWT均极显著高于空白组(P<0.01)。不同单味中草药对仔猪小肠不同部位组织形态学的影响不同,源于肠道消化物质的功能不同,对十二指肠、空肠、回肠影响最大的分别是麦芽、山楂、神曲。     

Comparison Study on Effects of Three Chinese Herbal Medicine on Intestinal Morphology in Weaning Piglets

The objective of this study was to compare the effect of three Chinese herbal medicine (medicated leaven, hawthorn, fructus hordei germinates) on histomorphology of different parts of small intestine in weaning piglets.40 28-day old ternary pigs (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire) with the body weight (8.13±1.32)kg were divided into four groups, control group, medicated leaven group, hawthorn group and fructus hordei germinates group, and feeding with 1% Chinese herbal medicine, there were two repeats in each group and each repeat had 5 piglets, slaughtering and sampling at 7th and 14th day morning, respectively, sections were used for HE staining.The staining tissues were taken pictures under a microscope camera (200×) and measured VH, CD, IWT and V/C in different parts of small intestine with Image-Pro Plus.The result showed that the IWH of ileum in medicated leaven group was significantly or extremely significantly higher than control group (P<0.05;P<0.01).The VH and IWT of duodenum and jejunum at 7th day in hawthorn group were extremely significantly lower than control group (P<0.01);The IWT of ileum and the VH of ileum at 14th day were extremely significantly higher than control group (P<0.01).In fructus hordei germinates group, the VH of duodenum and jejunum at 7th day and IWT of jejunum were extremely significantly lower than control group (P<0.01);The CD of ileum at 7th day, the IWT of duodenum and ileum at 7th day were extremely significantly higher than control group (P<0.01).The effects of different simple Chinese herbal medicine on histomorphology of different parts of small intestine in piglets were different, because of the different digestive functions of small intestine, the most effects of Chinese herbal medicine an duodenum, jejunum and ileum were fructus hordei germinates, medicated leaven and hawthorn, respectively.     

益生菌制剂对早期断奶仔猪肠道pH、黏膜形态结构和挥发性脂肪酸含量的影响

本试验旨在研究益生菌制剂对早期断奶仔猪肠道pH、黏膜形态结构和挥发性脂肪酸含量的影响.选用48头平均体重为(6.39±0.42)kg的(21±2)日龄“杜×长×大”三元杂交断奶仔猪,按性别、体重和窝源基本一致原则随机分为2个组,每个组4个重复,每个重复6头猪.试验1组为对照组,采用基础饲粮;试验2组为益生菌组,每千克基础饲粮中添加1×109 CFU活菌.试验期为21d.结果表明:1)28日龄时,益生菌组回肠内容物pH显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).2)和对照组相比,添加益生菌制剂,28日龄时,显著增加空肠、回肠绒毛高度和上皮内淋巴细胞数量(P＜0.05),显著提高回肠杯状细胞数量(P＜0.05),显著降低回肠隐窝深度(P＜0.05);35日龄时,显著增加空肠、回肠绒毛高度(P＜0.05),显著提高空肠上皮内淋巴细胞数量(P＜0.05),显著降低空肠、回肠隐窝深度(P＜0.05);42日龄时,显著增加空肠、回肠绒毛高度,显著提高空肠上皮内淋巴细胞和杯状细胞数量(P＜0.05),显著降低空肠隐窝深度(P＜0.05).3)28日龄时,益生菌组盲肠内容物中丁酸和乳酸含量显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);35日龄和42日龄时,益生菌组盲肠内容物中乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和乳酸含量显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).由结果可知,添加益生菌制剂能改善断奶应激对绒毛高度和隐窝深度的影响,提高肠道淋巴细胞数量和挥发性脂肪酸含量,降低肠道pH,从而缓解断奶应激对肠道环境的影响.     

微生态制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、器官重及其胃肠道发育的影响

通过给苏淮断奶仔猪饲喂微生态制剂(植物乳杆菌为主)研究其对断奶仔猪生长性能、器官重及其胃肠道发育的影响,分析仔猪生长性能与器官重、小肠形态、肠道pH的相关性,探讨微生态制剂缓解仔猪断奶应激的可能机制。选取健康、胎次和体重相近[(9.34±0.33)kg]的144头28日龄苏淮断奶仔猪,随机分为对照组(基础日粮)、抗生素组(基础日粮+抗生素)、微生态制剂组(基础日粮+微生态制剂),每组6个重复,每个重复8头仔猪。预试期为3d,试验于32日龄开始,59日龄结束时屠宰采样。结果表明,与对照组相比,微生态制剂可显著提高断奶仔猪平均日增重(ADG)和平均日采食量(ADFI)(P0.05),降低料重比(F/G)和腹泻率(P0.05);显著提高(P0.05)断奶仔猪脾脏相对重量;显著增加断奶仔猪十二指肠绒毛高度(P0.05),显著降低十二指肠、空肠、回肠绒隐比(P0.05),十二指肠、空肠、回肠隐窝深度有下降趋势,但差异不显著(P0.05);显著降低(P0.05)断奶仔猪盲肠、结肠pH。与抗生素组相比,微生态制剂组对各指标无显著影响(P0.05)。相关性分析显示,ADG增加与肝脏相对重量增加显著相关(P0.05);ADFI增加与十二指肠和脾脏相对重量、回肠绒隐比增加显著相关(P0.05),与结肠和盲肠pH、回肠隐窝深度降低显著相关(P0.05);F/G降低与结肠相对重量增加呈显著相关(P0.05);腹泻率下降与十二指肠相对重、脾脏相对重量、十二指肠和空肠绒隐比增加呈显著相关(P0.05)。由此看出,微生态制剂可通过增加器官重,改善肠道形态,降低胃肠道pH,提高断奶仔猪生长性能、降低腹泻率,缓解断奶应激对仔猪的影响,该微生态制剂具有替代抗生素的潜力。     

饮水中添加大蒜精油对蛋鸡生长性能、肠道组织形态及盲肠菌群的影响

本试验旨在探究饮水中添加大蒜精油蛋鸡生长性能、肠道组织形态及盲肠菌群的影响.选用200只1日龄健康状况良好且体重相近的农大三号节粮蛋鸡,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只鸡.各组试验鸡饲喂相同的基础饲粮,对照组正常饮水,3个试验组在饮水中添加大蒜精油,使其浓度分别为0.04、0.06和0.08 mL/L,试验期...     

壳聚糖锌对断奶仔猪小肠组织学形态与功能的影响

通过对血浆D-乳酸、内毒素、二胺氧化酶和肠道菌群及肠道黏膜形态等指标的测定,探讨壳聚糖锌(CS-Zn)对断奶仔猪小肠组织学形态和功能的影响。选择体重7.25 kg左右的"杜长大"三元杂交断奶仔猪120头随机分为5组,分别饲喂5种日粮,基础日粮不添加外源锌(对照组),试验组在基础日粮基础上分别添加501、00mg/kgCS-Zn、100 mg/kg硫酸锌和3 000 mg/kg氧化锌(均以锌计),试验期28 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,CS-Zn-100组血浆D-乳酸水平,DAO活性和内毒素含量显著降低(P<0.05),盲肠和结肠内容物中大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌数量显著降低(P<0.05),乳酸杆菌数量显著提高(P<0.05),十二指肠、空肠绒毛高度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度显著提高(P<0.05),隐窝深度显著降低(P<0.05)。结果提示,壳聚糖锌具有调节断奶仔猪肠道菌群平衡、改善肠黏膜形态的作用。