饲料酸化剂对断奶仔猪生产性能的的影响

以玉米—豆粕—鱼粉型日粮饲喂,试验研究不同酸化剂对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响,试验结果：柠檬酸组、磷酸组、得卡肥组与对照组相比,断奶仔猪日增重分别提高7．46％（P＜0.05％）、4．48％（P＞0．05）和13．93％（P＜0．01）,饲料报酬分别提高2．91％（P＞0．05）、1．16％（P＞0．05）和5．23％（P＜0．05）,腹泻率分别降低48．89％、42．23％和60％,死亡率分别降低8．89％、6．67％和11．11％。结果表明,三种酸化剂对提高仔猪生产性能的作用都有效果,尤以复合型酸化剂（得卡肥）效果显著。     

不同酸化剂在仔猪日粮中的应用

就不同酸化剂对仔猪生产性能的作用进行了试验研究。试验结果：柠檬酸组、磷酸组、得卡肥组与对照组相比，仔猪日增重分别提高7.96％、5．88％和11．41％；饲料报酬分别提高2．94％、O.07％和6．62％;腹泻率分别降低41．67%、33．33％和52．78%;死亡率分别降低8.33%、5.56%和11.11%。结果表明，3种酸化剂对提高仔猪生产性能的作用都有效果，尤以复合型酸化剂（得卡肥）效果显著。     

复合酸化剂对仔猪生长性能及腹及腹泻的影响

试验选取24头28日龄、体重8．4千克左右的杜长大三元杂交仔猪，随机分成2组，每组2个重复，每个重复6头猪。分别饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮和在此基础上添加0．2％复合酸化剂的饲粮。结果表明：添加酸化剂能提高仔猪日增重9．2％（P〈0．05），降低料肉比8．7％，降低腹泻率42％（P〈0．05）。     

调控日粮降低早期断奶仔猪腹泻（下）

4应用生理调节剂 据报道，在仔猪日粮中添加柠檬酸，对仔猪增重提高3．60％～38．67％；添加延胡索酸，仔猪增重提高7．0％-13．8％；添加剂复合酸，可提高仔猪日增重11．41％，饲料报酬提高6．62％，仔猪腹泻率降低52．78％。与添加柠檬酸和磷酸组相比，日增重提高3．45和5．5个百分点，饲料报酬提高3．68和6．5个百分点。综合酸化剂对仔猪日增重和饲料报酬的作用表明，复合酸的效果优于单一酸。     

仔猪日粮中添加酸化剂和酶制剂的效果

本试验选择84头杜大长28日龄断奶仔猪，将其分为4组，每组21头，处理1饲喂基础日粮＋0.15％酸化剂＋0．1％酶制剂，处理2喂基础日粮＋0．15％酸化剂，处理3喂基础日粮＋0．1％酶制剂，对照组只喂酸化剂＋0．1％酶制剂．处理2喂基础日粮＋0．15％酸化剂，处理3喂基础日粮＋0．15％酶制剂，对照组只喂基础日粮。经28天的试验结果表明，处理1、处理2、处理3比对照组日增重分别提高18．61％（P＜0．01）、9．78％（P＜0．05）、8．83％（P＜0．05），饲料转化率分别提高13．5％、8．19％、7．56％，腹泻率分别低于对照组28．58、19．05、14．29个百分点。     

复合酸化剂对仔猪生长性能及腹泻的影响

试验选取24头28日龄、体重8．4kg左右的杜长大三元杂交仔猪．随机分成2组，每组2个重复，每个重复6头猪。分别饲喂玉米——豆粕型基础饲粮和在此基础上添加0．2％复合酸化剂的饲粮。结果表明。添加酸化剂能使仔裤日增重提高9．2％（P〈0．05）．料肉比降低8．7％，腹泻率降低42％（P〈0．05）。说明添加政化剂能显著增加仔猪生产的经济效益。     

复合酸化剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、胃肠道酸度及消化酶活性的影响

选择28日龄断奶、体重（6±1．04）kg的杜长大杂种健康仔猪200头,按遗传和体重相近的原则随机分为5个处理组,每组4个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组在每千克基础饲粮中添加15mg黄霉素（1组）,不添加酸化剂;4个试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加0．1％磷酸型酸化剂（2组）、0．3％磷酸型酸化剂（3组）、0．1％乳酸型酸化剂（4组）和0．3％乳酸型酸化剂（5组）代替等量玉米,均不添加抗生素。研究并比较了两种酸化剂以不同水平添加时对断奶仔猪生长性能、胃肠道酸度及消化酶活性的影响。结果表明,添加磷酸型酸化剂和乳酸型酸化剂均可显著增加仔猪日采食量、提高日增重、改善饲料转化率、降低腹泻率,其中以添加0.3％乳酸型酸化剂效果最佳;添加磷酸型酸化剂和乳酸型酸化剂都可显著降低仔猪胃和十二指肠食糜pH,显著提高仔猪胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶活性。     

柠檬酸在仔猪开食料中的应用

本试验以柠檬酸作为酸化剂，在仔猪饲料中添加2％，结果表明使用柠檬酸试验组从仔猪采食到全部采食都明显早于对照组，胃肠道疾病发病率降低27．3％，35日龄平均个体成活率提高7．8％。     

日粮中添加酸化剂对断奶仔猪的影响

选择２８ 日龄断奶仔猪６４ 头，就不同的酸化剂对其生产性能、腹泻率的影响作了试验研究。试验结果，柠檬酸组、乳香酸组和得卡肥组与对照组相比，仔猪日增重分别提高了１３－４２％ 、１７－８１ ％ 、１５－８１％ ；饲料报酬分别提高了５－９５％ 、９－７３ ％ 、９－７３％ ；腹泻率分别降低了７１－３０％ 、８７－０２％ 、８３－３３％ 。结果表明，３ 种酸化剂对提高仔猪的生产性能均有效果，尤以复合酸化剂类———乳香酸、得卡肥显著。     

不同剂型的酸化剂对乳猪生产性能的影响

本试验旨在研究不同剂型的酸化剂对40日龄以前乳猪采食量、蛋白质消化能力和生产性能的影响。选择母猪体况、胎次和仔猪初生重相近．出生10日龄左右仔猪12窝（DLY、约120头），随机分为3组、每组4个重复、每个重复1窝（约10头），分别饲喂添加了脂埋型酸化剂（2k鲈）、混合型酸化剂（2k矾）和不添加酸化剂的日粮，统计哺乳期间的采食量。所有试验猪均在25日龄断奶、称重，并按性别、体重大小进行调整以确保各试验组猪之间性别和体重保持一致，进入第二个试验期。试验结果表明：哺乳期间脂埋型酸化剂组猪的采食量比混合型酸化剂组猪的采食量提高32．0％（P〈0．01），比对照组提高23．6％（P〈0．05）；混合型酸化剂组猪采食量比对照组猪采食量降低12．4％（P〈0．05）。保育前期（26～40日龄）脂埋型酸化剂组采食量、增重和蛋白质表观消化率分别比混合型酸化剂组提高提高16．4％（P〈0．05）、19．5％（P〈0．01）和6．3％（P〈0．05），而混合型酸化剂组猪采食量、增重和蛋白质表观消化率与对照组猪采食量、增重和蛋白质表观消化率基本一致。由此可见．加工工艺所形成的不同剂型可以显著地影响复合型酸化剂的使用效果，其中以脂埋型酸化剂的使用效果最佳．     

小肽添加剂对生长猪生长性能的影响

试验研究三种不同的小肽添加剂制品对生长猪生长性能的影响。试验选用72头初始体重在(34.64±8.32)kg的杜×长×大三元阉公猪,随机分为4个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复3头猪试验各组分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组),基础日粮加100mg/kg小肽A(小肽A组),基础日粮加100mg/kg小肽B(小肽B组),基础日粮加50mg/kg小肽C(小肽C组),试验期28d。测定其对生长猪的生长性能的影响,结果表明,与对照组相比,小肽A组、小肽B组和小肽C组的生长猪的平均采食量分别提高了9.8%、7.0%和12.5%(P0.05),平均日增重分别提高了15.8%、12.8%和21.7%(P0.05),料肉比分别降低了5.1%、6.3%和8.5%(P0.05)。     

饲粮添加银耳多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和腹泻的影响

试验旨在研究银耳多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和腹泻的影响。试验选取健康、体重接近的断奶仔猪72头,采用单因素完全随机化设计分为3个处理,即对照组(饲喂基础饲粮)、无抗组(在对照组饲粮基础上饲喂完全不含抗生素的饲粮)和TP组(在无抗组饲粮的基础上补充0.2%的银耳多糖)。每个处理3个重复,每个重复8头猪。试验期24 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,仔猪饲喂无抗饲粮日采食量增加0.95%、日增重增加1.75%、料重比下降了0.98%、腹泻率增加12.54%,但是对断奶仔猪的日采食量、日增重、料重比和腹泻率均无显著影响,表明不添加抗生素未对断奶仔猪生长性能造成负面影响;与无抗组相比,饲粮添加0.2%银耳多糖,仔猪日采食量提高9.76%、日增重提高12.98%、料重比下降2.46%、腹泻率下降17.80%,表明饲粮添加0.2%银耳多糖能够显著提高断奶仔猪的生长性能;与对照组相比,饲粮添加0.2%银耳多糖,仔猪日采食量提高10.80%、日增重提高14.95%、料重比下降3.41%、腹泻率下降7.49%,表明添加0.2%银耳多糖能够显著提高仔猪的生长性能。研究表明,饲粮中不添加抗生素会增加仔猪腹泻率,但未对其他生长性能造成负面影响;添加0.2%银耳多糖能够降低腹泻率、显著提高仔猪生长性能,并且能够替代抗生素发挥作用。     

Effects of providing a water-soluble globulin in drinking water and diet complexity on growth performance of weanling pigs

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of providing a water-soluble globulin in the drinking water on growth performance of weanling pigs. In Exp. 1, 360 weanling pigs (5.0 +/- 1.2 kg; 17 +/- 3 d of age; PIC) were blocked by initial weight and allotted to one of six treatments in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement. Treatments included three diet complexity regimens with or without water-soluble globulin (3 and 1.5% solutions; d 0 to 7 and d 0 to 14, respectively) provided in the drinking water. The 35-d study was divided into three phases (d 0 to 7, 7 to 14, and 14 to 35) with corresponding lysine levels of 1.6, 1.5, and 1.35%. Soybean meal replaced specialty protein and lactose sources to provide three different complexity regimens. From d 0 to 7, a water-soluble globulin x diet complexity interaction (P < 0.05) was observed for average daily gain (ADG) and gain:feed (G/F). Increasing diet complexity increased ADG and G/F for pigs provided water, whereas the medium diet complexity regimen optimized performance for pigs offered water-soluble globulin. From d 0 to 14, pigs fed the two more complex regimens had greater ADG and G/F (P < 0.01) than the pigs fed the least complex regimen. Pigs offered water-soluble globulin had decreased (P < 0.01) ADFI, but increased (P < 0.001) G/F from d 0 to 14. For overall performance (d 0 to 35), increasing diet complexity increased (P < 0.03) ADG and ADFI, whereas water-soluble globulin offered from d 0 to 14 had no effect. In Exp. 2, 360 weanling pigs (5.2 +/- 1.6 kg; 19 +/- 4 d of age) were used in a 21-d growth assay. The trial was arranged as a 2 x 3 factorial with pigs fed the low- or medium-complexity diets (Exp. 1) with water or a 3% solution of water-soluble globulin offered for 4 or 8 d after weaning. From d 0 to 4, pigs offered water-soluble globulin had increased (P < 0.001) ADG and G/F compared with pigs provided water, whereas from d 4 to 8, pigs provided water had increased (P < 0.05) ADG and G/F compared with pigs offered water-soluble globulin. Pigs fed the medium-complexity diet had increased ADG and G/F (d 4 to 8 and d 8 to 12) compared with pigs fed the low-complexity diet. From d 0 to 8 and d 0 to 21, pigs provided water-soluble globulin for 4 or 8 d after weaning had improved G/F compared with pigs provided water. Results demonstrate that providing water-soluble globulin through the water source of weanling pigs improves ADG and G/F immediately after weaning.     

育成期红腹锦鸡适宜蛋白质水平的研究

试验选取健康、体重一致、12周龄的红腹锦鸡15只,随机分为5个处理,每个处理设3个重复,每个重复1只,试验期为12周,分别饲喂蛋白质水平不周的5种试验日粮（A组16．78％,B组17．76％,C组18．75％,D组19．75％,E组20．67％）。在试验期间,采用全收粪法收集所有样品,并测定样品。研究日粮蛋白质水平对育成期红腹锦鸡生长性能、营养物质消化率的影响。结果表明：日粮代谢能在同一水平上（12．14MJ／kg）,蛋白质水平为18．75％时,平均日增重为3．13g,平均日采食量为21．51g,料重比为6．87。日增重和料重比均与其他各组差异显著（P〈0．05）。平均目采食量在各组之间差异不显著（P〉0．05）。蛋白质水平为18．75％时的蛋白质消化率明显高于其他各组（P〈0．05）。目粮代谢能为12．14MJ／kg,蛋白质水平为18．75％时,为红腹锦鸡育成期适宜粗蛋白质需要量。     

不同饲养阶段快大型黄羽肉鸡异亮氨酸需要量研究

试验旨在研究不同饲养阶段快大型黄羽肉鸡异亮氨酸需要量。分别选取0、22和43日龄快大型岭南黄鸡2400、2160和1920只,按照性别和体重随机分为8个异亮氨酸梯度水平饲粮处理,每个处理6个重复(栏),公、母各3个重复,0~21、22~42、43~63日龄3个阶段每栏分别为50、45和40只鸡。各阶段基础饲粮异亮氨酸水平分别为0.55%、0.50%和0.45%。3个阶段各处理组饲粮均在基础饲粮中呈梯度添加异亮氨酸,组间间隔水平均为0.05%,各处理饲粮除异亮氨酸外其他营养水平均一致。试验鸡地面平养,自由采食颗粒料和自由饮水。结果显示,异亮氨酸水平和性别对3个阶段鸡生长性能均有显著影响,且异亮氨酸水平和性别间存在显著互作效应(P<0.05)。随着异亮氨酸水平提高,平均日增重和料重比均呈显著或极显著二次曲线变化(P<0.05;P<0.01)。双斜率折线模型预测结果显示,0~21日龄阶段,公鸡、母鸡和公母混合鸡群的异亮氨酸需要量,以平均日增重为衡量指标分别为0.77%、0.72%和0.73%,以料重比为衡量指标分别为0.75%、0.70%和0.73%;22~42日龄阶段,公鸡、母鸡和公母混合鸡群的异亮氨酸需要量,以平均日增重为衡量指标分别为0.68%、0.64%和0.66%,以料重比为衡量指标分别为0.66%、0.62%和0.64%;43~63日龄阶段,公鸡、母鸡和公母混合鸡群的异亮氨酸需要量,以平均日增重为衡量指标分别为0.64%、0.59%和0.61%;以料重比为衡量指标分别为0.61%、0.57%和0.59%。黄羽肉鸡异亮氨酸营养需要量随日龄增加而降低,各个饲养阶段公鸡的异亮氨酸需要量均显著高于母鸡,以料重比为评定指标得到异亮氨酸营养需要量低于以平均日增重为衡量指标得的需要量推荐值。     

不同饲养阶段快大型黄羽肉鸡异亮氨酸需要量研究

试验旨在研究不同饲养阶段快大型黄羽肉鸡异亮氨酸需要量。分别选取0、22和43日龄快大型岭南黄鸡2 400、2 160和1 920只,按照性别和体重随机分为8个异亮氨酸梯度水平饲粮处理,每个处理6个重复（栏）,公、母各3个重复,0~21、22~42、43~63日龄3个阶段每栏分别为50、45和40只鸡。各阶段基础饲粮异亮氨酸水平分别为0.55%、0.50%和0.45%。3个阶段各处理组饲粮均在基础饲粮中呈梯度添加异亮氨酸,组间间隔水平均为0.05%,各处理饲粮除异亮氨酸外其他营养水平均一致。试验鸡地面平养,自由采食颗粒料和自由饮水。结果显示,异亮氨酸水平和性别对3个阶段鸡生长性能均有显著影响,且异亮氨酸水平和性别间存在显著互作效应（P<0.05）。随着异亮氨酸水平提高,平均日增重和料重比均呈显著或极显著二次曲线变化（P<0.05;P<0.01）。双斜率折线模型预测结果显示,0~21日龄阶段,公鸡、母鸡和公母混合鸡群的异亮氨酸需要量,以平均日增重为衡量指标分别为0.77%、0.72%和0.73%,以料重比为衡量指标分别为0.75%、0.70%和0.73%;22~42日龄阶段,公鸡、母鸡和公母混合鸡群的异亮氨酸需要量,以平均日增重为衡量指标分别为0.68%、0.64%和0.66%,以料重比为衡量指标分别为0.66%、0.62%和0.64%;43~63日龄阶段,公鸡、母鸡和公母混合鸡群的异亮氨酸需要量,以平均日增重为衡量指标分别为0.64%、0.59%和0.61%;以料重比为衡量指标分别为0.61%、0.57%和0.59%。黄羽肉鸡异亮氨酸营养需要量随日龄增加而降低,各个饲养阶段公鸡的异亮氨酸需要量均显著高于母鸡,以料重比为评定指标得到异亮氨酸营养需要量低于以平均日增重为衡量指标得的需要量推荐值。     

低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮对早期断奶仔猪腹泻和生产性能的影响

本研究选用１８头２８±１日龄断奶的杂交仔猪（平均体重约５．５ｋｇ），研究低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮对早期断奶仔猪腹泻和生产性能的影响。试验结果显示：（１）低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮使仔猪血浆挥发性盐基氨含量、血浆尿素氨含量和腹泻指数降低（Ｐ＜０．０５或０．０１）。（２）采食全植物蛋白型氨基酸平衡饲粮（ＣＰ１８．３％）的仔猪，其平均日增重（ＡＤＧ）、平均日采食量（ＡＤＦＩ）和料肉比（Ｐ／Ｇ）与采食复合蛋白型对照饲粮（ＣＰ１９．７％）的仔猪差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５），但前者的增重成本比后者降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）３１％。（３）采食复合蛋白型氨基酸平衡饲粮（ＣＰ１８．４％）的仔猪的生产性能优于采食复合蛋白型对照饲粮（ＣＰ１９．７％）的仔猪，前者的ＡＤＧ和ＡＤＦＩ分别提高（Ｐ＜０．０５）６１％和３２％，Ｆ／Ｇ和增重成本分别下降（Ｐ＜０．０５）２４％和３７％。（４）采食全植物蛋白型氨基酸平衡饲粮的仔猪，其ＡＤＧ和ＡＤＦＩ低于（Ｐ＜０．０１）采食复合蛋白型氨基酸平衡饲粮的仔猪。前者的Ｆ／Ｇ和增重成本趋于高于后者，但差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。以上结果表明，低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮可显著降低仔猪断奶后腹泻和提高仔猪生产性能。复合蛋白型?     

铜的不同添加量对肉鸭生长的影响

将１８０只１４日龄樱桃谷鸭随机分成３组,每组３个重复,在含酮７．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ（测定值）的基础日粮中分别添加１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ,９５ｍｇ／ｋｇ和１５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ的铜,进行２１ｄ的饲养试验。结果,随着日粮中铜水平的提高,肉鸭的日增重有增加趋势,日采食量不受影响,饲料转化率略有下降。     

Influence of Feed Intake Fluctuation,Feeding Frequency,Time of Feeding,and Rate of Gain on Performance by Limit-Fed Steers

Four experiments were conducted to determine the effects of feed intake fluctuation, feeding frequency, time of feeding, and rate of gain on performance by limit-fed steers. Mean initial BW for steers in Experiments 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 378 ± 43, 225 ± 19, 227 ± 20, and 249 ± 17 kg, respectively. All experiments were complete random designs, and pen was the experimental unit. In Experiment 1, 10% daily variation in feed intake resulted in decreased (P<0.10) ADG and ratio of gain to feed (G/F) compared with steers fed either a constant amount or a 10% weekly variation in feed intake. In Experiment 2, steers fed once daily at 0800 h; once daily at 1700 h; twice daily at 0800 and 1700 h; or thrice daily at 0800, 1230, and 1700 h did not affect (P>0.10) ADG or G/F. Average daily gain and G/F by steers programed to gain 1.25 kg/d were not affected (P>0.10) by 10% fluctuation in feed intake or twice daily feeding in Experiment 3. Treatments used in Experiment 4 consisted of 1) steers fed to gain 0.9 kg/d, 2) steers fed to gain 0.9 kg/d with 10% daily feed intake fluctuation, 3) steers fed to gain 1.25 kg/d, and 4) steers fed to gain 1.25 kg/d with 10% daily feed intake fluctuation. Fluctuation in feed intake did not affect (P>0.10) ADG at either rate of gain. Results suggest that feed intake fluctuation in limit-fed cattle might decrease performance early in the feeding period; however, cattle seem to adapt to fluctuating feed intake as the feeding period progresses. Time and frequency of feeding did not affect performance by limit-fed steers.     

Selection for postweaning gain in rats: I. Correlated response in feed utilization and body composition

Response to selection for up (U) and (D) 3- to 9-wk gain in rats on average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADI), gain/feed (G/F), body composition (BC), fasting metabolic rate per unit metabolic size (MR) and partial efficiency of weight gain (ADG/Fg) was evaluated after 34 generations of mass selection. At 3-wk weaning, 120 litters representing F1 crosses of two replicates within each of the U, D and control (C) selection lines were divided within sexes between bulk-feeder and tube-feeder cage types for recording feed intake until 9 wk of age. Rats from tube-feeder cages representing 16 litters/line were utilized for MR and BC data. Response in ADG was asymmetrical; 16% higher for U line but only 8% lower in D line, compared with C line. Correlated responses were positive and significant in both U and D lines for ADI (6% and -3%) and G/F (5% and -5%). Line differences in MR were not significant but both selected lines were slightly higher than C line in MR at 6 wk of age, and the reverse at 9 wk of age. Over the period of 6 to 9 wk of age, maintenance requirements per unit metabolic size and ADG/Fg were 1 and 5% above for the U and -1 and -4% for D lines, relative to C line. Females of both selected lines were fatter than C line (P less than .05) at 9 wk of age, but only D line males were fatter than C line.