森林风景区景观生态规划研究现状与展望

回顾森林游憩发展的历史,探讨现代森林游憩建设中存在的法律法规不健全、开发利用不合理、景观管理薄弱等问题,认为应该通过景观生态规划使之不断完善,并从森林景观生态学基础研究、森林风景区景观生态评价、森林风景区景观生态规划模型和森林风景区景观管理4个方面综述国内外景观生态规划研究的成果,指出森林风景区景观生态规划研究发展的趋势,认为单纯的景观生态学的研究已经不能适应景观生态规划研究多学科的需要,森林风景区景观生态规划的研究应该大力加强与其他学科,诸如经济学、社会学和公共管理学的联系,并在此基础上,提出在未来森林风景区景观生态规划研究中,需要在理论研究、方法探讨和技术支撑方面进行全面的革新.     

森林风景区景观生态规划研究现状与展望

回顾森林游憩发展的历史,探讨现代森林游憩建设中存在的法律法规不健全、开发利用不合理、景观管理薄弱等问题,认为应该通过景观生态规划使之不断完善,并从森林景观生态学基础研究、森林风景区景观生态评价、森林风景区景观生态规划模型和森林风景区景观管理4个方面综述国内外景观生态规划研究的成果,指出森林风景区景观生态规划研究发展的趋势,认为单纯的景观生态学的研究已经不能适应景观生态规划研究多学科的需要,森林风景区景观生态规划的研究应该大力加强与其他学科,诸如经济学、社会学和公共管理学的联系,并在此基础上,提出在未来森林风景区景观生态规划研究中,需要在理论研究、方法探讨和技术支撑方面进行全面的革新。     

太平湖风景区生态公益林体系建设规划

对平湖风景区森林结构进行了分析，按照林业分类经营的原则，对其生态公益林体系建设提出了一些建议。     

瘦西湖风景区森林生态系统建设

瘦西湖风景区森林生态系统建设是城市森林生态体系研究与示范扬州试验点的重要组成部分。本文利用历史遗存植物造景、坚持乡土树种地被植物应用、加强生物多样性原则、开发水生湿地植被景观、推进生物防治管理等,阐明了景区森林生态系统建设的基本原则;并就自然植被资源保护、湿地植物景观以及生态绿地模式建没等设想,对景区森林生态系统可持续发展的建设目标进行了探讨。       

浙江永康森林城市建设规划探讨

指出了森林城市建设是实施以生态建设为主的林业发展战略的重要内容,科学编制森林城市建设规划是保证森林城市合理有序地进行建设的前提和基础。以浙江永康森林城市建设规划为例,通过对城市现状的分析,按照森林城市建设的要求,提出了森林城市规划的理念、体系及建议。     

云龙示范区城市森林生态系统建设

在实地考察调研的基础上,运用森林生态学、景观生态学的方法和理论,提出了建设云龙示范区城市森林生态系统的原则。意在为该区建设成为生态环境优良、城市景观丰富、生态效益良好的两型生态城市提供参考。     

云龙示范区城市森林生态系统建设

在实地考察调研的基础上,运用森林生态学、景观生态学的方法和理论,提出了建设云龙示范区城市森林生态系统的原则。意在为该区建设成为生态环境优良、城市景观丰富、生态效益良好的两型生态城市提供参考。     

森林生态系统综合优化设计规划模型技术

介绍了森林生态系统综合优化设计规划模型技术的内容、功能及适用范围,对该系统的应用效果进行了评价。     

森林生态系统综合优化设计规划模型技术

介绍了森林生态系统综合优化设计规划模型技术的内容、功能及适用范围,对该系统的应用效果进行了评价。     

扬州瘦西湖风景区植物景观历史风貌及其延续性

植物景观作为风景园林的重要组成部分,对于中国古典园林意境的形成、文化内涵的体现,是其他任何园林构成要素所无法替代和超越的。文中根据史料概括介绍了扬州瘦西湖风景区植物景观的历史风貌及延续性。     

旅游区森林景观改造模式探讨

通过搜集和调查旅游区森林景观资源的现状,分析其森林景观存在树种单一、林相单调、森林景观较差等问题,并结合旅游区森林景观特点,提出了自然、乔木林、竹林、灌木林、乔竹、乔灌、乔草、灌草和竹草等9种风景林改造模式。     

千岛湖森林风景资源特征与保护

论述了千岛湖森林风景资源成因、形态、构成特征及保护价值,指出存在的问题,提出千岛湖森林风景资源保护策略。     

Evaluation of the forest ecosystem health in Beijing area

The evaluation of ecosystem health has become one of the main research topics of ecosystem science, thus more and more assessment methods and frameworks have been put forward in recent years. However, the attention people pay to ecosystem health is actually more about what the social functions the ecosystem affords, which depend on the integrity and maintenance of the ecosystem structure and function, and the intensity of disturbance from outside. Accordingly, this research commenced from three main aspects, selected the evaluation indices, and then established the Evaluation Index System of Beijing Forest Ecosystem Health (EIS-BFEH). In the EIS-BFEH, each of the three foundations contained an easily-operated and standard sub-index system, which compounded the specific natural and social conditions of Beijing and was concrete enough to measure and evaluate. Then with the method of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), the comprehensive index (CI) could be obtained, which represented the health of the forest ecosystem. As a case study, the forest ecosystems in the Badaling area were sampled, evaluated, compared and ranked by use of the EIS-BFEH. The result show that the health of natural forests is much better than that of plantations in the Badaling forest center: the average comprehensive index of the former is 7.9, while the latter is only 6.6. From the results, it could also be found that there are nine units in the healthy state, two units in the subhealthy state, and only one unit of Robinia pseudoacacia in the morbid state.     

迭部林区冰雪灾害受损森林生态系统恢复技术

雪灾给林区的森林生态系统造成了巨大影响,在灾后调查研究的基础上,分析了冰冻灾害给林区生态带来的影响及存在问题,提出受损森林生态系统恢复技术,对灾后重建具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。     

Conservation of forest biodiversity and ecosystem properties in a pastoral landscape of the Ecuadorian Andes

High Andean cloud forests are home to a diversity of unique wildlife and are important providers of ecosystem services to people in the Andean regions. The extent of these cloud forests has been widely reduced through conversion to pasture for livestock, which threatens the forests’ ability to support biodiversity and provide ecosystem services. This paper explores whether impacts on woody plant biodiversity and four ecosystem properties (woody plant species richness, juvenile timber tree abundance, soil organic matter content and soil moisture) from converting forest to pasture can be mitigated if some woody forest vegetation is maintained within pastures. Woody vegetation in pastures was found to conserve those woody plant species that are more tolerant to exposure and grazing, but conservation of the high montane cloud forest community required areas of forest from which livestock were restricted. The sampled sites clustered according to woody plant species cover; these clusters represented a gradient from pasture with patches of shrubs to mature forest. Clusters differed in both woody plant species richness and number of juvenile timber trees whereas soil organic matter and soil moisture were observed to be similar among all clusters. This suggests that the different habitats may have some equivalent ecosystem properties. We conclude that the presence of woody vegetation in pastures may reduce some of the impacts of converting forest to pasture, but should not be considered a substitute for protecting large areas of forest, which are essential for maintaining woody plant species diversity in high Andean cloud forest.     

洞庭湖区防浪林林分林冠结构的研究

对洞庭湖区河洲、滩地上的不同林龄的旱柳、杨树防浪林、芦苇林进行了标准地调查,选取标准株(地),对其茎杆、枝条、叶片的空间分布进行了测定,通过对其差异进行比较分析,旨在间接测定不同防浪林的防浪效益的差异。     

The changing Himalayan landscape: pine-oak forest dynamics and the supply of ecosystem services

This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on pine and oak forest dynamics in the mid-montane central Himalayan forest and the ecosystem services associated with these vegetation types. Forest ecosystems play a crucial role in the livelihood of the central Himalayas as well as the adjacent plains, providing a number of tangible and intangible ecosystem services, at each stage of succession. The successional sequence starts from warm temperate grasslands, followed by early successional pine forests, mid-successional pine-oak mixed forests and eventually culminating in a late successional oak community. This successional sequence is considerably influenced by disturbances like fire, grazing, and lopping, which maintain the vegetation types in their current form and can act as potential drivers of change. Fire and grazing in grasslands and pine forests inhibit the successional process by hindering the establishment of pioneer and late successional species, respectively. Potential land-cover changes with forest succession can lead to changes in ecosystem services supply. We found that the number of ecosystem services associated with these vegetation types increase from early to late successional community. Current management approaches fail to include the dynamic nature of vegetation, which is essential for maintenance of ecosystem service supply. In conclusion, the trade-offs between ES of global (biodiversity and carbon) and local importance (fuel wood and fodder) have to be examined carefully in order to have effective conservation and management plans for the region.     

环洞庭湖防护林生态服务价值评估

采用对环洞庭湖防护林体系的野外调查数据和湖南省林业厅项目记录,依据《森林生态系统服务功能评估规范》(LY/T1721—2008),利用市场价值法、费用代替法、替代工程法等方法定量评价了2009年环洞庭湖防护林的生态服务功能总价值。结果表明,环洞庭湖防护林生态系统服务功能价值为129 772.18万元,其中涵养水源为48 450.44万元,水质净化为7 837.3万元,固土价值为24.50万元,保肥价值为6 755.98万元,固碳价值为21991.20万元,释氧价值为31 810万元,净化大气价值为12 902.83万元。     

千岛湖生态景观林林相改造树种选择与配置模式探讨

根据景观生态学及林相改造的相关理论,对千岛湖森林的原生植被、林地类型、目的阔叶树种丰缺度和立地质量等4要素进行了调查,以地带性顶级群落及进展演替中期的森林植被类型为目标景观林分,提出了林相改造11种树种配置模式。     

Influence of forest planning alternatives on landscape pattern and ecosystem processes in northern Wisconsin,USA

Incorporating an ecosystem management perspective into forest planning requires consideration of the impacts of timber management on a suite of landscape characteristics at broad spatial and long temporal scales. We used the LANDIS forest landscape simulation model to predict forest composition and landscape pattern under seven alternative forest management plans drafted for the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest in Wisconsin. We analyzed 20 response variables representing changes in landscape characteristics that relate to eight timber and wildlife management objectives. A MANOVA showed significant variation in the response variables among the alternative management plans. For most (16 out of 20) response variables, plans ranked either directly or inversely to the extent of even-aged management. The amount of hemlock on the landscape had a surprising positive relationship with even-aged management because hemlock is never cut, even in a clear cut. Our results also show that multiple management objectives can create conflicts related to the amount and arrangement of management activities. For example, American marten and ruffed grouse habitat are maintained by mutually exclusive activities. Our approach demonstrates a way to evaluate alternative management plans and assess if they are likely to meet their stated, multiple objectives.