浅圆仓整仓通风及局部高温处理

结合中央储备粮镇江直属库2010年浅圆仓的通风情况，通过大功率离心风机、小功率轴流风机、小功率离心风机等几种风机在整仓通风中的使用，对整仓粮温及局部高温的实际处理效果进行对比分析，探索了在大型浅圆仓通风降温中风机的选择及搭配的具体办法。对浅圆仓通风降温的实施及降低各项费用具有一定的参考意义。     

小型轴流风机在浅圆仓通风降温中的应用

通过小型轴流风机与大型离心风机在浅圆仓通风降温中的应用效果对比，研究在浅圆仓降温通风中使用小型轴流风机的可行性。试验结果表明：通过使用小型轴流风机，降低了浅圆仓内粮食温度，达到了预期目的，并且取得了降低能耗的良好效果。     

秋冬季环流均温通风在浅圆仓储粮中的应用

为有效解决浅圆仓机械通风过程中存在的通风死角严重、通风时间长、水分损失严重、通风均匀性差、通风能耗高等问题,我库对通风工艺进行了改进。常规机械通风将平均粮温降至目标范围内后,再利用两台离心风机配合单管风机对浅圆仓进行内环流均温通风,充分利用四周粮堆冷源,均衡中心部位的高温粮。较好地解决了浅圆仓常规机械通风中存在的问题。     

机械通风在浅圆仓中的应用

国家投资3800万元，在我市兴建了一批大型浅圆仓，该仓的优点是单仓储量大，机械化程度高。这在一定程度上缓解了我市部分库仓容的紧张局面。但浅圆仓也有一定的缺点，如因粮层高装粮时容易产生自动分级现象。本项研究就是针对北方地区的气候特点和我市的实际情况，充分利用自然条件，按照机械通风技术的要求，选择在冬季对浅圆仓进行通风降温，以达到科学保粮效果。[第一段]     

浅圆仓径向通风技术研究

为提高浅圆仓储粮通风均匀性,解决因入库自动分级产生的通风死角问题,同时提高通风效率,降低吨粮保管费用,基于计算机数学仿真模拟技术,研发了浅圆仓径向通风系统。通过实仓试验发现,该系统基本解决了浅圆仓中心单点入库后的通风均匀性,以及通风过程中水分分层较大的问题,有效提高了储粮稳定性。     

谷物冷却机在浅圆仓储粮中的应用研究

通过对浅圆仓内储藏的小麦进行谷物冷却机冷却通风处理，实时检测入仓冷空气的温湿度、粮食温度及含水量的变化，探索谷冷机在浅圆仓中应用的可行性和经济性。结果表明通过谷物冷却通风可迅速有效地降低储粮的温度，并减少粮堆内的温差和水分梯度，提高了储粮的安全性和稳定性。     

浅圆仓辅助风网通风比较研究

在浅圆仓梳形地槽风网上增设竹笼辅助风网，进行通风比较试验研究，结果表明：增设竹笼辅助风网通风，其通风降温效果优于单独梳形地槽风网通风，降温更均匀，单位能耗低，提高了梳形地槽风网通风的效率，值得完善推广应用，有利于浅圆仓低温储粮。     

两种筒型仓通风降水效果研究

采用机械通风法,将试验仓型分成东南、东北、西南、西北四个区域,研究两种仓型对高水分稻谷通风降水的效果。结果表明:钢板仓降水能力优于浅圆仓。通风一个月后,钢板仓稻谷平均水分由16.5%降至14.9%;浅圆仓稻谷平均水分由15.9%降至15.5%。四个区域中,两种仓型东部两区的降水效果均好于西部两区。     

中温高湿储粮区的进口大豆浅圆仓绿色集成工艺储藏实践

针对进口大豆储藏特性差的特点，以中温高湿储粮区的进口大豆浅圆仓存储为例，集成机械通风技术、富氮气调技术、内环流均温技术和空调控温技术等绿色储粮措施，结合储粮区气候特点，选择适当的储粮技术应用时机，开展了进口大豆浅圆仓绿色集成工艺储藏实践。结果表明：该绿色集成储藏工艺可实现中温高湿储粮区浅圆仓进口大豆长期安全储藏，可降低0.595 kW·h/t的吨粮保管能耗。以期为中温高湿储粮区的进口大豆浅圆仓绿色储藏技术应用提供参考。     

浅圆仓不同风机通风降温效果

分别对比研究了22 kW风机组和5.5 kW风机组对华南地区浅圆仓冬季通风降温的效果,结果显示：5.5 kW风机组不仅可以实现对浅圆仓的冬季通风降温目的,而且在降低能耗及水分损耗方面有突出优势。     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.