石榴皮多糖的制备及其抗氧化活性研究

采用水浸乙醇沉淀法从怀远石榴皮中提取多糖,通过单因素实验和正交试验,确定石榴皮多糖的最适提取条件为:料液比为1∶10,提取温度为80℃,时间为2 h,提取次数为3次,多糖得率为11.13%。并采用不同的体外抗氧化实验,研究石榴皮多糖的抗氧化活。结果显示,石榴皮多糖具有很强的还原力和清除羟自由基的活性,适度螯合亚铁离子的能力和1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼(DPPH)自由基清除活性。本研究为石榴皮多糖的综合利用以及抗氧化药物的开发提供理论依据。     

茯苓多糖颗粒茶的制备工艺研究

本试验以茯苓多糖为原料,以颗粒的外观形状、吸湿率、成型率做为评价指标,通过单因素实验和正交试验筛选茯苓多糖颗粒茶剂的成型工艺。结果表明,茯苓多糖颗粒茶剂的最佳配方为:原料药与辅料的配比为1:0.7,润湿剂(乙醇)浓度为65%,乙醇的用量为25%,此时制得的颗粒外观颜色、大小均匀,吸湿率、成型率均符合《中华人民共和国药典》颗粒剂项下的相关规定。     

安吉白茶多糖抗肿瘤及免疫调节研究

选用MTT法研究了安吉白茶多糖的体外抗肿瘤活性;采用建立小鼠移植瘤模型,通过测定安吉白茶多糖对荷瘤小鼠抑瘤率和腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬能力,研究其体内抗肿瘤活性和免疫调节作用。结果表明,安吉白茶多糖体外能显著抑制S180细胞的生长,且具有剂量依赖关系。体内试验表明,与模型对照组相比,安吉白茶多糖对小鼠S180实体瘤和H22腹水型肝癌移植瘤的生长均有显著抑制作用(P<0.05),对荷瘤小鼠脾指数和胸腺指数也有较强增高作用。体内免疫调节试验结果显示,安吉白茶多糖可使荷S180实体瘤小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬能力显著升高(P<0.05)。     

响应面法优化金柑多糖碱提取工艺的研究

为研究碱溶液提取金柑多糖的最佳工艺,考察液料比、提取时间、提取温度、Na OH浓度和提取次数等5个因素对金柑多糖得率的影响。在单因素研究的基础上,采用五元二次旋转正交设计对其工艺进行优化,利用SAS 9.2响应面分析程序得到回归方程。结果表明:回归方程达到显著水平,多糖的最佳碱提取工艺条件为:液料比(V/W)41∶1,提取时间3.5 h,提取温度89℃,Na OH浓度0.05 mol/L,提取次数3次。在此条件下,多糖得率为(8.56±0.23)%,与理论预测值基本一致,相比传统热水浸提法,多糖得率提高3.73倍。     

茶多糖对阿霉素抑制肺癌A549细胞增殖作用的影响

肺癌是全世界目前发病率和死亡率最高的癌症之一,当前治疗恶性肿瘤的主要手段之一是化疗,阿霉素是临床常用的化疗药物,然而该药物毒性较大,长期使用可发生剂量依赖性的不可逆的心肌病变、骨髓抑制等,同时其多药耐药性的存在也使它在临床应用受到一定限制。为了减少阿霉素的毒副作用,通过体外培养人肺癌A549细胞,将茶叶提取物茶多糖与阿霉素联用,加入A549细胞,24 h后以噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测细胞存活率。结果表明,当阿霉素质量浓度为3 mg·L~(-1)时,对肺癌A549细胞的抑制效果最明显;不同浓度茶多糖与1、2、3 mg·L~(-1)阿霉素联用,以2 mg·L~(-1)阿霉素与6 mg·L~(-1)茶多糖联用时对肺癌A549细胞的抑制效果最明显,且优于单独使用3 mg·L~(-1)阿霉素的效果。阿霉素可诱导A549细胞凋亡,茶多糖与阿霉素联用可减少阿霉素的使用剂量,增强阿霉素对肺癌A549细胞的增殖抑制作用。     

不同种类真菌多糖对小麦黄矮病的防治效果

为了筛选小麦黄矮病的真菌多糖防治药剂及其适宜浓度,将云芝、灵芝、虫草等13种真菌多糖稀释成0.1、0.5、1.0、2.0g·L-1溶液,以清水为对照,比较分析了叶面喷施真菌多糖对小麦黄矮病的预防和治疗效果,同时对防效好的1.1%云芝葡聚糖(多糖)与常规植物抗病毒药剂的田间防效进行了比较。结果表明,13种真菌多糖对小麦黄矮病的预防作用都显著高于治疗作用,且真菌多糖间和浓度间差异均显著,其中云芝多糖1.0g·L-1、云芝多糖2.0g·L-1、蜜环菌多糖2.0g·L-1、灰树花多糖2.0g·L-1、猪苓多糖2.0g·L-1的预防效果分别为86.88%、86.58%、86.33%、86.04%和85.97%。1.1%云芝葡聚糖800倍液为适宜喷施浓度,其防效64.27%,保产22.70%,说明云芝多糖是一种有前途的新型小麦黄矮病免疫抑制剂。     

乌龙茶多糖调节血脂作用及其机制研究

探讨了乌龙茶多糖（OTPS）对高脂模型小鼠血脂的调节作用及机制。采用高脂饲料饲喂法建立高脂血症小鼠模型,通过不同剂量OTPS灌胃6周后,测定了小鼠的体重、胸腺重量、脾脏重量、肝脏重量、血脂水平、血清和肝脏中丙二醛（MDA）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的含量,以及观察了肝脏的病理变化。结果表明,与高脂模型对照组比较,OTPS剂量组血清总胆固醇（TC）和低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）、血清和肝脏MDA、肝脏指数显示不同程度的降低,胸腺指数、脾指数、血清和肝脏SOD活力则有所上升,肝脏病变有一定程度的减轻,说明乌龙茶多糖具有一定的调节血脂、提高机体免疫力及抗氧化的作用。     

人参多糖抗肿瘤作用的研究

1982年我们首次报告了人参根多糖对免疫机能的影响。实验证明人参多糖对免疫机能有刺激作用。我们基于许多植物多糖兼有免疫刺激和抗肿瘤作用,随即研究了人参根多糖对动物移植肿瘤生长的影响,现将实验结果报告如下。     

国标中人参醚溶性浸出物分析方法的研究探讨

本文采用超声提取法测定人参的醚溶性浸出物含量,并对超声提取与国标法进行了比较,使得用国标法仅迴流提取就需6小时的分析时间缩短为40分钟,分析结果准确、可靠。     

酶法提高大豆分离蛋白酸溶性的研究

通过单因素试验研究了植酸酶添加量、酶解时间、pH、温度和料液浓度对大豆蛋白酸溶度、透光率和料液粘度的影响,在单因素试验的基础上对pH、温度、料液浓度和时间进行四因素三水平的正交试验,结果表明,当植酸酶添加量为0.6%时,酶解的最佳条件组合为pH3.0,温度40℃,料液浓度10%,酶解时间45 min,此时大豆分离蛋白的酸溶度为45.79%,透光率为68.5%,与优化前相比,分别提高了30.65%和29.4%。     

灵芝子实体不同生长阶段多糖与三萜类物质含量的研究

采用分光光度计法研究了灵芝芝蕾、芝柄、分化菌盖及成熟子实体等生长阶段的多糖与三萜类物质含量。结果表明,芝蕾发育阶段多糖含量最高,随着灵芝的生长发育,多糖含量逐渐降低;而三萜类物质含量则相反,芝蕾发育阶段最低,随着灵芝的生长发育逐渐升高,到成熟子实体阶段含量又略有降低。     

茶多糖的提取及分离纯化研究进展

茶多糖是从茶叶提取出来的植物多糖,具有多种生物活性,近些年已发展成为茶学领域的一个新的研究热点.本文主要综述了近年来茶多糖提取、分离纯化等方面的研究进展,并对未来的研究方向和发展前景进行了展望,以期为茶多糖的研究与开发提供理论依据.     

Structural Characterisation of Water-extractable and Water-unextractable Arabinoxylans in Wheat Bran

Water-extractable arabinoxylan (WE-AX) in wheat bran, of which only a minority originates from adherent endosperm, amounted to 6% of the total arabinoxylan (AX) content in such bran. WE-AX had an arabinose to xylose (A/X)-ratio of 0·45. Graded ethanol precipitation (20–80% range) yielded AX with an A/X-ratio increasing from 0·31 to 0·85. A population of molecular weight (MW) of 50 kDa precipitated between 0 and 40% ethanol and one with much lower apparent MW precipitated at higher ethanol concentrations. Wheat bran unextractable cell wall material (UCM) was obtained as the residue withstanding thermostable α-amylase and protease treatments and consisted mainly of AX (ca 45%) and cellulose (30–35%). Two consecutive extractions of UCM with alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP; 2·0%, pH 11·5, 4 h, 60 °C) resulted in a cellulose rich residue (CRR) containing 33% of the AX originally present in UCM. The average A/X-ratio of AX in CRR was lower than that in UCM. The extracted AX polymers (ca 45% of the AX originally present in UCM) had a high A/X-ratio (0·82). Their elution profiles showed two polydisperse peaks with apparent MW of respectively 100–120 kDa and 5–10 kDa. Graded ethanol precipitation resulted in a lowly substituted fraction (A/X=0·40; 0–40% ethanol) of high MW and a fraction of highly substituted AX (A/X>0·95; 40–70% ethanol) containing both low molecular weight (LMW-) as well as high molecular weight (HMW-) AX. At an ethanol concentration of 70% or more, only LMW-AX precipitated.     

Important determinants for fucoidan bioactivity: a critical review of structure-function relations and extraction methods for fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides from brown seaweeds

Seaweeds--or marine macroalgae--notably brown seaweeds in the class Phaeophyceae, contain fucoidan. Fucoidan designates a group of certain fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides (FCSPs) that have a backbone built of (1→3)-linked α-L-fucopyranosyl or of alternating (1→3)- and (1→4)-linked α-L-fucopyranosyl residues, but also include sulfated galactofucans with backbones built of (1→6)-β-D-galacto- and/or (1→2)-β-D-mannopyranosyl units with fucose or fuco-oligosaccharide branching, and/or glucuronic acid, xylose or glucose substitutions. These FCSPs offer several potentially beneficial bioactive functions for humans. The bioactive properties may vary depending on the source of seaweed, the compositional and structural traits, the content (charge density), distribution, and bonding of the sulfate substitutions, and the purity of the FCSP product. The preservation of the structural integrity of the FCSP molecules essentially depends on the extraction methodology which has a crucial, but partly overlooked, significance for obtaining the relevant structural features required for specific biological activities and for elucidating structure-function relations. The aim of this review is to provide information on the most recent developments in the chemistry of fucoidan/FCSPs emphasizing the significance of different extraction techniques for the structural composition and biological activity with particular focus on sulfate groups.     

Fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides from brown seaweeds inhibit proliferation of melanoma cells and induce apoptosis by activation of caspase-3 in vitro

Fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides (FCSPs) extracted from seaweeds, especially brown macro-algae, are known to possess essential bioactive properties, notably growth inhibitory effects on tumor cells. In this work, we conducted a series of in vitro studies to examine the influence of FCSPs products from Sargassumhenslowianum C. Agardh (FSAR) and Fucus vesiculosus (FVES), respectively, on proliferation of melanoma B16 cells and to investigate the underlying apoptosis promoting mechanisms. Cell viability analysis showed that both FCSPs products, i.e., FSAR and FVES, decreased the proliferation of the melanoma cells in a dose-response fashion, with FSAR being more potent at lower dosages, and FVES being relatively more anti-proliferative than FSAR at higher dosages. Flow cytometric analysis by Annexin V staining of the melanoma cells exposed to the FCSPs products confirmed that both FSAR and FVES induced apoptosis. The FCSPs-induced apoptosis was evidenced by loss of plasma membrane asymmetry and translocation of the cell membrane phospholipids and was accompanied by the activation of caspase-3. The FCSPs bioactivity is proposed to be attributable to distinct structural features of the FCSPs, particularly the presence of sulfated galactofucans (notably in S.henslowianum) and sulfated fucans (notably in F. vesiculosus). This study thus indicates that unfractionated FCSPs may exert bioactive effects on skin cancer cells via induction of apoptosis through cascades of reactions that involve activation of caspase-3.     

Effects of different extraction methods on the structural properties and bioactivities of polysaccharides extracted from Qingke (Tibetan hulless barley)

In this study, four extraction methods, including ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE), hot water extraction (HWE), microwave assisted extraction (MAE), and pressurized water extraction (PWE), were used to extract Qingke polysaccharides (THBs), and their physicochemical structures, in vitro antioxidant activities, and in vitro hypolipidemic activities were investigated and compared. Results demonstrated that the yields, the chemical compositions, the apparent viscosities, the molecular weights, and the molar ratios of constituent monosaccharides of THBs varied by different extraction methods. THB-P extracted by PWE possessed the highest molecular weight and apparent viscosity among all tested THBs. In addition, all THBs extracted by different methods exerted obvious in vitro antioxidant activities, in vitro binding capacities, and inhibitory effects on the pancreatic lipase. Indeed, both antioxidant activities and hypolipidemic activities of THB-P were higher than that of THB-H, THB-U, and THB-M obtained by HWE, UAE, and MAE, respectively, which might be due to the high molecular weight and apparent viscosity of THB-P. The findings indicated that the pressurized water extraction could be a convenient method for the extraction of polysaccharides from Qingke with high biological activities for applications in the functional food fields.     

响应面法优化磷酸化改性花生分离蛋白－多肽膜的制备工艺

    为了优化磷酸化改性花生分离蛋白-多肽膜制备工艺条件,在单因素基础上,通过响应面Box-Benhnken进行实验设计。结果表明,最优工艺参数：蛋白浓度8%、pH值8.2、甘油百分含量（占蛋白）13.4%、黄原胶百分含量（占蛋白）1%、时间60min、温度69℃、超声波功率270W、超声波频率28kHz、多肽溶液的浓度61mg/mL;此工艺条件下,膜厚度、吸水率和透光率理论预测值分别为86μm、41.9%和53.6%,验证实验值分别为88±2μm、43.1±1.2%和52.4±1.5%,两者的差值分别为2.33%、2.86%和2.24%,说明响应面二次模型的拟合良好;磷酸化改性花生分离蛋白-多肽膜的抗拉强度9.62MPa、断裂延伸率101.68%、溶解性47.69%、水蒸气透过率6.95 g•m-2· h-1等功能性质和DPPH自由基清除活性IC50值7.70 mg·mL-1、羟自由基清除活性IC50值5.98 mg·mL-1、超氧阴离子自由基清除活性IC50值4.20 mg·mL-1、铁离子螯合力活性IC50值3.79 mg·mL-1、铜离子螯合力活性IC50值13.61 mg·mL-1、脂质过氧化抑制活性IC50值8.62 mg·mL-1、铁还原力IC50值13.93mg·mL-1、钼还原力IC50值5.49mg·mL-1等抗氧化活性较磷酸化改性花生分离蛋白膜有所改善。本研究结果为磷酸化改性花生分离蛋白在蛋白膜方面的应用提供一种新途径。     

服用竹原纤维化学组成及其抗菌性能初步研究

本文对服用竹原纤维的化学组成进行了测试,分析了其抗菌性与其化学组分间的内在关系,提出了竹原纤维抗菌成分的假设,并提出了进一步深入抗菌机理研究的方案.     

Marine polysaccharides: a source of bioactive molecules for cell therapy and tissue engineering

The therapeutic potential of natural bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides, especially glycosaminoglycans, is now well documented, and this activity combined with natural biodiversity will allow the development of a new generation of therapeutics. Advances in our understanding of the biosynthesis, structure and function of complex glycans from mammalian origin have shown the crucial role of this class of molecules to modulate disease processes and the importance of a deeper knowledge of structure-activity relationships. Marine environment offers a tremendous biodiversity and original polysaccharides have been discovered presenting a great chemical diversity that is largely species specific. The study of the biological properties of the polysaccharides from marine eukaryotes and marine prokaryotes revealed that the polysaccharides from the marine environment could provide a valid alternative to traditional polysaccharides such as glycosaminoglycans. Marine polysaccharides present a real potential for natural product drug discovery and for the delivery of new marine derived products for therapeutic applications.     

余甘提职物及其制品清除自由基和抗氧化的特性

用化学发光法（CL）和顺磁共振法（ESR）测定结果表明,余甘提取物及其制品有清除活性氧的能力。通过大鼠大脑缺血、缺氧模型试验,证明余甘果汁对大脑缺血再灌的氧化损伤有防护作用。余甘提取物混入霜剂后,仍然有清除自由基的活性,而已其有效成分可透过皮肤,清除皮肤内部产生的过量自由基。该有效成分既耐热又耐贮存,因而具有较好的应用前景。