Specific chromosome defect associated with human small-cell lung cancer; deletion 3p(14-23)

A specific, acquired chromosomal abnormality (deletion 3p) has been found in at least one chromosome 3 in 100 percent of the metaphases in 12 of 12 cell lines cultured from human small-cell lung cancer tissue and in 2-day tumor culture specimens from three patients. Analysis of the shortest region of overlap shows the deletion to be 3p(14-23). This specific change was not seen in five of five lung cancer cell lines other than small-cell lung cancer or in two lymphoblastoid lines cultured from cells of small-cell lung cancer patients whose tumors had the 3p deletion.     

非小细胞肺癌中MAGE-3蛋白的Western Blot分析

目的：观察黑素瘤抗原-3(MAGE-3)蛋白在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)中的表达。方法：用Western blot方法对3种人肺癌细胞系和56例NSCLC标本及相邻正常肺组织标本MAGE-3蛋白的表达情况进行研究。结果：3种人肺癌细胞系均表达MAGE-3蛋白;56例NSCLC标本中,28你表达MAGE-3蛋白,而相邻正常肺组织均不表达MAGE-3蛋白。结论：MAGE-3蛋白在NSCLC中有较高比率的表达．有望以该抗原作为适宜靶点对NSCLC患者进行免疫治疗。     

红松种鳞多酚抗肿瘤作用的研究

[目的]研究红松种鳞多酚对癌细胞体外增殖的抑制作用.[方法]分别采用不同浓度红松多酚提取液对人骨髓神经母细胞瘤细胞株SH-SY5Y、人肺腺癌细胞株A549、人皮肤癌细胞株A375、人肝癌细胞株HepG2、人卵巢癌细胞株SKOV3这5种常见的肿瘤细胞进行试验,采用MTT法检测体外细胞增殖抑制率.[结果]红松多酚提取物对SH-SY5Y、HepG2、SKOV3的抑制作用不明显,而对A549、A375均有抑制效果.[结论]在红松多酚提取液固形物含量为0.4 mg/ml时,其对A549细胞抑制效果最佳,在该浓度下,红松多酚提取液对人肺腺癌细胞A549的抑制率可达到55％.     

p53: a frequent target for genetic abnormalities in lung cancer

Allele loss is a hallmark of chromosome regions harboring recessive oncogenes. Lung cancer frequently demonstrates loss of heterozygosity on 17p. Recent evidence suggests that the p53 gene located on 17p13 has many features of such an antioncogene. The p53 gene was frequently mutated or inactivated in all types of human lung cancer. The genetic abnormalities of p53 include gross changes such as homozygous deletions and abnormally sized messenger RNAs along with a variety of point or small mutations, which map to the p53 open reading frame and change amino acid sequence in a region highly conserved between mouse and man. In addition, very low or absent expression of p53 messenger RNA in lung cancer cell lines compared to normal lung was seen. These findings, coupled with the previous demonstration of 17p allele loss in lung cancer, strongly implicate p53 as an anti-oncogene whose disruption is involved in the pathogenesis of human lung cancer.     

茶氨酸衍生物茶溴香酰胺脂质体对人肺癌细胞 生长和迁移的抑制作用

为了探索研究茶氨酸衍生物茶溴香酰胺制备的脂质体(TBrC-L)对人非小细胞肺癌A549细胞生长和迁移的抑制作用与其分子机制,采用薄膜分散法制备了TBrC-L,通过MTT法检测不同浓度的TBrC-L对人肺癌A549细胞生长的抑制作用;使用流式细胞术检测TBrC-L对人肺癌A549细胞凋亡的诱导作用;利用Transwell chamber法观察TBrC-L对人肺癌A549细胞迁移作用的影响;应用蛋白质印迹法检测人肺癌A549细胞中与凋亡和生长密切相关蛋白的表达和药物可能的作用靶点。实验结果显示,TBrC-L对人肺癌A549细胞生长和迁移有显著的抑制作用,促进肿瘤细胞凋亡、抑制肿瘤细胞生长和迁移可能是其抗人肺癌作用的重要机制,其作用的分子机制涉及到抑制EGFR、VEGFR1、VEGFR~2和Met受体介导的Akt和NF-κB信号传导通路,本研究结果提示,TBrC-L具有应用于临床治疗和(或)辅助治疗人肺癌的潜力。     

慢病毒法建立稳定表达HPV-16 E6癌蛋白的肺癌细胞株

目的方法结果结论（HPV）-16 E6DNA HPV-16 E6（PLIG）（PLIG-E6）293T NCIH460 G418 4 DNA PCR Western blotting NCIH460 HPV-16 E6 DNA NCI-H460 HPV-16 E6 DNA HPV-16 E6探讨慢病毒法建立人乳头瘤病毒癌蛋白表达肺癌细胞株的可行性。采用重组技术将基因插入到含有增强型绿色荧光蛋白基因的慢病毒质粒载体中,获得重组慢病毒载体,经双酶切和测序鉴定正确后,与慢病毒包装载体一起转染细胞,收集病毒液,测定滴度后,感染肺癌细胞株。经筛选培养周后,提取细胞基因组和蛋白,分别用和方法分析细胞中和蛋白的表达。双酶切及测序结果表明重组慢病毒表达载体构建成功;感染慢病毒液的细胞中可检测出和蛋白表达。用慢病毒法成功构建稳定高表达癌蛋白的肺癌细胞株。     

EGFR mutations in lung cancer: correlation with clinical response to gefitinib therapy

Receptor tyrosine kinase genes were sequenced in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and matched normal tissue. Somatic mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene EGFR were found in 15of 58 unselected tumors from Japan and 1 of 61 from the United States. Treatment with the EGFR kinase inhibitor gefitinib (Iressa) causes tumor regression in some patients with NSCLC, more frequently in Japan. EGFR mutations were found in additional lung cancer samples from U.S. patients who responded to gefitinib therapy and in a lung adenocarcinoma cell line that was hypersensitive to growth inhibition by gefitinib, but not in gefitinib-insensitive tumors or cell lines. These results suggest that EGFR mutations may predict sensitivity to gefitinib.     

Lung cancer and indoor air pollution in Xuan Wei, China

In Xuan Wei County, Yunnan Province, lung cancer mortality is among China's highest and, especially in females, is more closely associated with indoor burning of "smoky" coal, as opposed to wood or "smokeless" coal, than with tobacco smoking. Indoor air samples were collected during the burning of all three fuels. In contrast to wood and smokeless coal emissions, smoky coal emission has high concentrations of submicron particles containing mutagenic organics, especially in aromatic and polar fractions. These studies suggested an etiologic link between domestic smoky coal burning and lung cancer in Xuan Wei.     

前列腺癌细胞系和组织中neprilysin的表达

目的检测neprilysin（NEP）在前列腺癌细胞系和组织中的表达。方法用实时荧光定量PCR、western blot检测前列腺癌细胞系（LNCaP、PC-3）、39例前列腺癌和16例正常前列腺组织中NEP mRNA和蛋白表达。结果与正常组织相比,LNCaP及PC-3细胞中NEP mRNA表达下调,尤以LNCaP细胞更为显著;在经甲基化抑制剂作用后,PC-3细胞NEP mRNA恢复表达的程度明显高于LNCaP细胞。前列腺癌组织中NEP mRNA和蛋白表达均明显低于正常前列腺。结论 NEP表达下调可能促进前列癌发生。     

Primary rat embryo cells transformed by one or two oncogenes show different metastatic potentials

Second-passage rat embryo cells were transfected with a neomycin resistance gene and the activated form of the c-Ha-ras I gene, or with these two genes plus the adenovirus type 2 E1a gene. Foci of morphologically transformed cells were observed in both cases; however, the frequency of transformation was at least ten times higher with two oncogenes than with the ras gene alone. All the transformed cell lines gave rise to rapidly growing tumors when injected subcutaneously into nude mice. All but one of the cell lines transformed by the ras oncogene alone formed metastatic nodules in the lungs of animals that had been injected subcutaneously with transformed cells. When transformed cells were injected intravenously, all the ras single-gene transformants gave rise to many metastatic lung nodules. In contrast, cell lines transformed with ras and E1a did not generate metastases after subcutaneous injection and gave rise to very few metastatic lung nodules after intravenous injection. These data demonstrate that a fully malignant cell with metastatic potential, as measured in an immunodeficient animal, can be obtained from early passage embryo cells by the transfection of the ras oncogene alone.     

Innate immune activation through Nalp3 inflammasome sensing of asbestos and silica

The inhalation of airborne pollutants, such as asbestos or silica, is linked to inflammation of the lung, fibrosis, and lung cancer. How the presence of pathogenic dust is recognized and how chronic inflammatory diseases are triggered are poorly understood. Here, we show that asbestos and silica are sensed by the Nalp3 inflammasome, whose subsequent activation leads to interleukin-1beta secretion. Inflammasome activation is triggered by reactive oxygen species, which are generated by a NADPH oxidase upon particle phagocytosis. (NADPH is the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate.) In a model of asbestos inhalation, Nalp3-/- mice showed diminished recruitment of inflammatory cells to the lungs, paralleled by lower cytokine production. Our findings implicate the Nalp3 inflammasome in particulate matter-related pulmonary diseases and support its role as a major proinflammatory "danger" receptor.     

Synthesis and anticancer activity of (+)-nopinone-based 2-amino-3-cyanopyridines

Twelve (+)-nopinone-based 2-amino-3-cyanopyridines 4a–l were synthesized from (–)-β-pinene. The structures of these compounds were characterized by FT-IR, ¹H NMR, and ESI-MS. All the compounds were tested for their anticancer activity against lung cancer cell line A549, gastric cancer cell line MKN45 and breast cancer cell line MCF7 by MTT method, respectively. The results showed that compounds 4f, 4j and 4k had promising anticancer activity against these cancer cell lines, in particular, compound 4f exhibited broad-spectrum and highly efficient anticancer activity against cell lines A549, MKN45 and MCF7 with IC₅₀ of 23.78, 67.61 and 53.87 µmol·L⁻¹, respectively. The preliminary analysis of the structure activity relationship implied that the Br or Cl substituted group of the benzene ring in these derivatives significantly contributed to the anticancer activity.     

Normal cells of patients with high cancer risk syndromes lack transforming activity in the NIH/3T3 transfection assay

Oncogenes capable of transforming NIH/3T3 cells are often present in human tumors and tumor cell lines. Such oncogenes were not detected in normal fibroblast lines derived from patients with several clinical syndromes associated with greatly increased cancer risk. Thus, germ-line transmission of these oncogenes does not appear to be the predisposing factor responsible for these high cancer risk syndromes.     

基于数据挖掘的国医大师刘祖贻治疗肺癌用药规律研究

目的 应用中医传承辅助系统软件,分析国医大师刘祖贻治疗肺癌的用药规律。方法 收集、整理国医大师刘祖贻自2015年8月至2018年10月期间肺癌患者的病案共计107例,将患者初诊病案录入中医传承辅助系统（V2.5）,采用该软件中关联规则、聚类分析等数据挖掘方法,研究国医大师刘祖贻治疗肺癌用药规律。结果 对筛选出的107首处方进行分析,使用频次>80的高频使用药物有薏苡仁、白术、山楂、八月札、黄芪;常用组合主要有白术、薏苡仁、八月札,薏苡仁、山楂、八月札,鸡内金、薏苡仁、麦芽等;并挖掘出5首新处方。结论 国医大师刘祖贻治疗肺癌喜用益气健脾、消食和胃、化痰消瘀药物,治法以益气健脾、消食和胃为主,通过药物分析印证出肺癌的病机特点为“虚、毒、痰、瘀”,以“正虚”为本,体现出刘教授“调理脾胃,以求扶正”的学术思想。     

蛹虫草多糖抗乳腺癌转移作用及机制研究

目的 研究蛹虫草多糖抗乳腺癌转移的作用及机制。方法 30只小鼠随机分为3组,分别为模型组、蛹虫草多糖低剂量组（20 mg/kg）和蛹虫草多糖高剂量组（80 mg/kg）,所有动物采用尾静脉接种4T1乳腺癌细胞建立乳腺癌肺转移模型,后2组接种后连续腹腔注射给予蛹虫草多糖15 d。以肺组织表面的肿瘤结节数、血清MMP-2和MMP-9含量、肺组织病理为检测指标;采用CCK8法检测蛹虫草多糖对4T1细胞增殖的影响;采用Caspase-3/7检测试剂盒测定细胞凋亡情况。结果 与模型组比较,蛹虫草多糖高剂量组能够明显降低小鼠肺部的肿瘤结节数（P<0.01）;与模型组比较,蛹虫草多糖高剂量组能够显著降低血清MMP-2和MMP-9的含量（P<0.01）;显微镜下发现,蛹虫草多糖高剂量组的肺组织肿瘤转移灶体积和数量均少于模型组。蛹虫草多糖对乳腺癌4T1细胞增殖具有浓度依赖性趋势的抑制作用,半数抑制浓度（IC₅₀）为0.092 mg/mL;与溶媒组比较,0.10 mg/mL和0.20 mg/mL的蛹虫草多糖可以显著增加Caspase-3/7的表达（P<0.01）。结论 蛹虫草多糖可抑制乳腺癌肺转移,其作用机制可能与抑制MMP-2和MMP-9的表达和直接的抗肿瘤作用有关。     

三叶悬钩子对3种肿瘤细胞体外生长的抑制作用

[目的]探讨三叶悬钩子对体外培养的3种肿瘤细胞的影响。[方法]以不同浓度的三叶悬钩子提取物作用于体外培养的SGC7901(人胃腺癌细胞株)、K562(人红细胞白血病细胞株)及HL60(人早幼粒白血病细胞株),然后以MTT法检测细胞的生长抑制率。[结果]三叶悬钩子氯仿提取物和石油醚提取物均能够抑制SGC7901、K562和HL60细胞的生长,抑制作用随药物浓度的增大而增强。氯仿提取物对SGC7901和K562细胞的半数抑制浓度分别为55.53和28.03μg/ml;石油醚提取物对SGC7901和K562细胞的半数抑制浓度分别为29.52和14.99μg/ml,但这2种提取物对HL60细胞的半数抑制浓度均较大。而不同浓度的氯仿提取物和石油醚提取物对3种肿瘤细胞的抑制率均小于10μg/ml的顺铂。乙酸乙酯提取物、正丁醇提取物及水提取物对3种肿瘤细胞几乎无抑制作用。[结论]三叶悬钩子氯仿提取物和石油醚提取物对体外SGC7901、K562及HL60细胞的生长具有较好的抑制作用。     

Growth regulation of human melanocytes: mitogenic factors in extracts of melanoma, astrocytoma, and fibroblast cell lines

Melanocytes derived from fetal or adult skin do not propagate in vitro unless cultured in the presence of factors such as 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). In a search for physiological factors regulating the growth of melanocytes, extracts of various cultured cell types were tested. Factors produced by melanoma and astrocytoma cell lines support continued proliferation of melanocytes in the absence of TPA. WI-38, a fibroblast cell line derived from human embryonic lung, was the most active source of melanocyte growth factors. No melanocyte growth-promoting activity was found in extracts of cultured neuroblastoma, renal cancer, normal keratinocytes, or renal epithelium. Nerve growth factor, epidermal growth factor, melanocyte-stimulating hormone, transforming growth factor-beta, and platelet-derived growth factor did not have growth-promoting activity for melanocytes. The presence of melanocyte growth factors and TPA together resulted in the strongest mitogenic activity for melanocytes, permitting the recovery (at 20 days) of 4 to 20 times as many cells as in growth factor or TPA alone.     

肝素对体外培养肿瘤细胞的影响

[目的]研究肝素对体外肿瘤细胞的抗癌活性,为其应用于肿瘤的治疗奠定基础。[方法]以肺癌细胞A549为材料,添加不同浓度肝素钠进行培养,观察细胞的形态变化;采用MTT比色法检测肝素对体外肿瘤细胞增殖的影响。[结果]试验组的细胞形态无改变和病理损伤,各试验组的A值与对照组差异均不显著。[结论]肝素对体外肿瘤细胞A549无抗癌活性。     

Metabolite profiling identifies a key role for glycine in rapid cancer cell proliferation

Metabolic reprogramming has been proposed to be a hallmark of cancer, yet a systematic characterization of the metabolic pathways active in transformed cells is currently lacking. Using mass spectrometry, we measured the consumption and release (CORE) profiles of 219 metabolites from media across the NCI-60 cancer cell lines, and integrated these data with a preexisting atlas of gene expression. This analysis identified glycine consumption and expression of the mitochondrial glycine biosynthetic pathway as strongly correlated with rates of proliferation across cancer cells. Antagonizing glycine uptake and its mitochondrial biosynthesis preferentially impaired rapidly proliferating cells. Moreover, higher expression of this pathway was associated with greater mortality in breast cancer patients. Increased reliance on glycine may represent a metabolic vulnerability for selectively targeting rapid cancer cell proliferation.     

Erratum

In the report "Alteration in connections between muscle and anterior horn motoneurons after peripheral nerve repair" by T. M. Brushart and M.-M. Mesulam (9 May, p. 603), the key to cell types in Fig. 1 was inadvertently omitted. The dashed lines refer to (A) right peroneal, (B to D) postoperative, and (E) peroneal cells. The solid lines refer to (A) left peroneal, (B to D) control, and (E) tibial cells.