桉树伐桩的萌芽控制试验研究

对巨尾桉砍伐后7~14d的伐桩进行萌芽条控制试验,结果表明:在没有进行炼山处理的桉树林地,盖灌能对柴油20倍涂抹伐桩切面对桉树伐桩催腐效果能达到95.56%的防效,盖灌能对水20倍的防效仅有75.34%,41%草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂对水3倍的防效仅有47.92%。涂沫法处理与喷雾法处理的伐桩处理效果基本一致,喷雾法处理的效率要高于涂抹法。盖灌能对柴油在桉树低产林分改造及品种的更新换代过程中进行伐桩催腐具有效果好、催腐彻底、控萌芽时间长达180d以上、操作方便等优点,值得在林业营林生产工作中大力推广应用。     

森泰(环嗪酮)灭竹试验

威尔柏 (Ｖｅｌｐａｒ) (中文通用名 :环嗪酮、森泰、林草净 )是美国杜邦公司生产的林业专用除草剂 ,90年代初曾引进广东省试用 ,其效果得到好评 ,由于供货中断未得到继续推广。现介绍我国江苏省新沂农药有限公司开发生产的森泰 (中文通用名 :环嗪酮 )进行残次竹林改造试验。本场汤泉工区曾引种广宁竹13.33余ｈｍ2 ,因管理不善 ,竹林逐步老化 ,形成残次竹林 ,面积尚有 4余ｈｍ2 。对这部分竹林我们曾用草甘膦、克芜踪等除草剂进行试验 ,效果均不理想。在华南农业大学徐声杰教授指导下 ,应用新沂公司生产森泰除草剂 (2 5 %水剂 )进行了下述试…     

新型除草剂—森草净

新型除草剂──森草净森草净（又称草灌净）是我国科技人员参照８０年代国外推出的磺酰脲类除草剂品种而研制出的一种杀草谱广、持效期长、毒性低、用量少、费用低的世界新一代的林地及非耕地除草剂。在国内尚属首创，该科研成果已获得科技进步二等奖。１该除草剂特点１．...     

化学除草剂防治冰草草害试验研究

使用惠尔(乙氧氟草醚)、冰草净、2甲·草甘膦等8种化学除草剂,对宁夏固原市的苗圃、草坪、公园林地的冰草灭除进行了应用研究,结果表明:对于冰草而言,高度10~20cm是最佳的除草时机。最佳施药期是在冰草高度5~20cm、6~8片叶时,可以保证有足够的叶片吸收药物。几种化学除草剂的耦合灭杀冰草效果更好,80%的2甲草甘膦354倍液+41%草甘膦异丙铵盐+30%草甘膦水剂88.5倍液+银粉的组合灭杀冰草效果优于其单一使用,除草率达到90%以上,且有效时间长。在实行化学除杀冰草时,冰草对不同药物的敏感性不一样,因此在选用除草剂时,应合理选用,施用得当,最大可能地除杀冰草且保护主体植被。     

马尾松防火道及果园化学除草试验初报

在马尾松的防火道上用5％森泰颗粒剂和25％森泰水剂、在桃树果园用65％草甘膦和41％春多多进行除草试验。结果表明：马尾松防火道用18．75kg／hm^2的森泰颗粒剂处理效果较好；桃树果园则以1500g／hm^2的草甘膦处理效果最好。     

加拿大一枝黄花化学防除配方优化研究

采用L9(34)正交试验,探讨草甘膦与盖灌能混用对加拿大一枝黄花防除效果的影响,结果表明:使用配方为41%草甘膦3 L·hm-2+48%盖灌能2.4 L·hm-2+100%有机硅助剂300 g·hm-2兑水450 L,对加拿大一枝黄花防除效果最好,且成本最低。     

森泰——一种优良的林用除草剂

森泰 (环嗪酮 )是属于均三氮苯类的高效、广谱、低毒的一种优良林用除草剂 ,是防除林地杂草 ,促进优质目的树种生长的良药。在国内有多个名称 ,如林草净、威尔柏、环嗪酮等等。其化学名称为 3-环乙基- 6 - (二甲胺基 ) - 1-甲基 - 1,3,5-三氮苯 - 2 ,4 - (1Ｈ ,3Ｈ)二酮。森泰是美国杜邦公司 1974年创制的 ;森泰 2 5%水剂为江苏新沂农药厂生产 ,根据有关部门检验 ,已达到国际先进水平 ,为我国在林业上的应用、开发、创造良好的条件。森泰之ＬＤ50 为 16 90ｍｇ/ｋｇ体重 ,属于低毒除草剂 ,它对人畜安全 ,对环境安全。森泰的使用方式 :以土壤…     

林业化学除草信息

化学除草剂应用范围与用量应用范围除草剂品种 用　量 /667ｍ2 使用技术苗圃、花圃除草5 0 %敌草胺可湿性粉剂2 3 5 %、2 4%果尔乳油10 8%高效盖草能乳油2 3 5 %果尔乳油 +10 8%高效盖草能乳油2 0 0～ 2 5 0ｇ5 0～ 80ｍｌ3 0～ 5 0ｍｌ2 0ｇ +3 0ｍｌ插后苗前或生育期使用果园、幼林、 65 %草甘膦可溶性粉剂3 0 %草甘膦可溶性粉剂10 0～ 15 0ｇ3 0 0～ 40 0ｇ杂草生长旺盛使用森林防火道、清理造林地、铁路、油粮库等非耕地65 %草甘膦可溶性粉剂3 0 %草甘膦可溶性粉剂10 %草灌净水悬剂15 0～ 2 0 0ｇ40 0～ 5 0 0ｇ70 0～ 2 0 0 0ｍｌ…     

林业化学除草信息

化学除草剂应用范围与用量应用范围除草剂品种 用　量(6 6 7ｍ2 ) 使用技术苗圃、花圃除草5 0 %敌草胺可湿性粉剂2 3 5 %果尔乳油10 8%高效盖草能乳油2 3 5 %果尔乳油 +10 8%高效盖草能乳油2 0 0～ 2 5 0ｇ5 0～ 80ｍｌ30～ 5 0ｍｌ2 0ｇ+30ｍｌ插后苗前或生育期使用果园、幼林、 6 5 %草甘膦可溶性粉剂30 %草甘膦可溶性粉剂10 0～ 15 0 ｇ30 0～ 4 0 0ｇ杂草生长旺盛期使用森林防火道、清理造林地、铁路、油粮库等非耕地6 5 %草甘膦可溶性粉剂30 %草甘膦可溶性粉剂10 %草灌净水悬剂15 0～ 2 0 0 ｇ4 0 0～ 5 0 0 ｇ70 0～ 2 0 0 0ｍｌ杂…     

林业化学除草信息

化学除草剂应用范围与用量应用范围除草剂品种 用　量 /667m2 使用技术苗圃、花圃除草5 0 %敌草胺可湿性粉剂2 3 5 %、2 4%果尔乳油10 8%高效盖草能乳油2 3 5 %果尔乳油 +10 8%高效盖草能乳油2 0 0～ 2 5 0g5 0～ 80ml3 0～ 5 0ml2 0g +3 0ml插后苗前或生育期使用果园、幼林、 65 %草甘膦可溶性粉剂3 0 %草甘膦可溶性粉剂10 0～ 15 0g3 0 0～ 40 0g杂草生长旺盛使用森林防火道、清理造林地、铁路、油粮库等非耕地65 %草甘膦可溶性粉剂3 0 %草甘膦可溶性粉剂10 %草灌净水悬剂15 0～ 2 0 0g40 0～ 5 0 0g70 0～ 2 0 0 0ml杂草生长旺盛使用…     

Fertilization,weed control,and pine litter influence loblolly pine stem productivity and root development

Following site preparation, three cultural treatments and three open-pollinated loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) families were studied on a gently sloping Beauregard silt loam in central Louisiana. The treatments were: (1) fertilization (either broadcast application of 177 kg N and 151 kg P/ha or none); (2) herbicide application (either broadcast application of herbicides during the first through third growing seasons, and felling of a few, scattered volunteer hardwood trees greater than 2.5 cm dbh during the third growing season or none); and (3) litter application (either broadcast application of 37 Mg/ha (oven-dried weight) of pine straw over the plots to form a 10 to 15 cm layer or none). The subplot treatment was planting stock, where in November 1988, 28-week-old container-grown loblolly pine seedlings from three open-pollinated families were randomly assigned to planting locations. Through five growing seasons, fertilization and weed control with herbicides resulted in the greatest loblolly pine productivity, but the use of herbicides severely reduced other vegetation. Applying litter, which was less effective than herbicides as a weed control treatment, increased the presence of blackberry (Rubus spp.) when herbicides were not applied. Applying litter resulted in a decrease and fertilization resulted in an increase in the number and length of live lateral roots. Soil temperature was reduced by litter application. Treatment responses were not influenced by loblolly pine family.     

除草剂在林业上的应用

介绍化学除草剂在林业上的应用现状,从环保、高效、经济的角度,提出“林业专用型除草剂”全新概念,突出林业专用型除草剂的筛选、指导与应用,尤其是草甘膦的选择与应用,作者总结一线生产的实践,总结一套林地化学除草的先进经验、心得与体会。     

Persistence of herbicides in forest nursery soils

The persistence of the four herbicides atrazine, hexazinone, lenacil and linuron was studied in forest nursery soils. The adsorption capacities of the soils for the chemicals were described by the distribution coefficients kj and k_oc. Due to the low content of organic matter in the soils the k_a‐values were low, in several cases being <1 for hexazinone. Hexazinone also had the lowest k _oc‐value (30) while the other substances had k_oc ‐values within the range 200–400. In some cases hexazinone showed great mobility under field conditions. The formula c=c_o‐kt^1/2 was used to describe the disappearance of the herbicides from the various soils. The rate of degradation of the four herbicides correlated well with the rate of respiration in the same soils in laboratory experiments, and for linuron reasonably well also in field experiments. In the field experiments the herbicides penetrated the top soil layer. In the subsoil the risk of further transport downward to the drainage system or ground water increased, especially for hexazinone. Linuron as well as the fungicides maneb and tolylfluanid suppressed the decomposition rate of hexazinone in laboratory experiments.     

草舒对五节芒和芦苇的除草效果初报

10.8%草舒水剂对五节芒和芦苇的除草效果试验表明,用量13 500 mL/hm2,药后45~60 d对五节芒防效达95%,持续期达184 d以上;对芦苇药后21 d防效达100%,药的持效期达85 d以上。进一步大面积应用证明,草舒除草效果良好。     

Tolerance of some Broadleaved and Coniferous Forestry Tree Species to Herbicides with Potential for Bracken Control

The tolerance of two broadleaved and two coniferous forestrytree species to overall sprays of three sulfonylurea herbicides,with the potential for bracken control were tested in comparisonwith asulam on outdoor pot experiments, applied at three differentdates. Thifensulfuron-methyl and tribenuron-methyl caused littledamage, however, date of application of these herbicides canaffect the tolerance of some of the tree species. Asulam, usedoutside the recommended time for bracken control, and metsulfuron-methylcaused damage to cherry, oak, Douglas fir and Japanese larch. The tolerance of Sitka spruce to thifensulfuron-methyl and tribenuron-methyl,and a mixture of them applied at six different dates was alsotested. Sitka spruce was not affected at any treatment dateor by mixtures of the two sulfonylurea herbicides.     

森林防火线维修的化学除草技术

文中介绍了在防火线维修中化学除草剂的应用技术,包括除草剂种类、配方选择、作业时间确定、配药用水解决办法和施药方法等。大面积推广应用杀草率达到９０％以上、防火期杂草腐烂率８０％以上;与人工铲草维修相比,工效提高８０％,节省成本４９％以上     

Pre-emergence herbicides affect seedling emergence of tropical forest tree species

Testing techniques to reduce weed infestation is a crucial step in developing direct tree seeding systems. The use of pre-emergence herbicides may be an alternative to manual weeding techniques, but so far, information on how they affect the seeds of native tree species is scarce. We established a greenhouse experiment to evaluate the effects of four pre-emergence herbicides (atrazine, diuron, isoxaflutole and oxyfluorfen) on weed suppression and seedling emergence and early growth of seven tropical forest tree species (Annona coriacea Mart., Citharexylum myrianthum Cham., Cordia ecalyculata Vell., Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub., Psidium guajava L., Pterogyne nitens Tul. and Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi). The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with five treatments and five replicates. The treatments consisted of a single dose of each pre-emergence herbicide and a control. Throughout the 60 days after sowing we evaluated weed cover and seedling emergence and early growth of tree species. Overall, our results suggest that all tested herbicides reduced weed cover; however, they also negatively affected tree species seedling emergence. Of the four herbicides tested, atrazine and diuron showed the greatest effects on tree seedling emergence, oxyfluorfen was least aggressive towards native species and isoxaflutole was most effective in weed control. Native tree species varied in their responses to herbicides, indicating that future experiments should increase the number of species tested as well as investigate how seed traits can affect the species responses to different herbicides.     

薇甘菊化学防治方法的研究

薇甘菊是一种外来入侵的恶性杂草。针对薇甘菊在广州地区的危害现状,开展了甲磺隆、氯磺隆、使它隆及添加洗衣粉、Agrocer等助剂化学防治薇甘菊的研究,试验结果表明：所用助剂对上述3种农药均有不同程度的增效作用;其中,使它隆混用茶枯粉、Agrocer、APSA-80,甲磺隆添加洗衣粉,氯磺隆混用APSA-80,增效作用明显。在测定不同用药部位对薇甘菊的防效试验中,发现使它隆喷于植株上、中部的防效较好。     

几种除草剂对金钟藤的杀灭效果初析

采用喷雾法研究9种药剂对金钟藤生长状况的影响,通过分析几种药剂对金钟藤绿枝条和老茎鲜重的抑制率,得出以下结果:对金钟藤绿枝条和老茎活性最高的均为2,4-滴丁酯,其抑制率分别为98.90%和81.06%,;其次为莠去津,抑制率分别为为95.07%和66.59%。     

香榧苗圃地除草剂筛选试验

为提高香榧苗圃地杂草的防除效果,保护苗木,降低用工成本,选用普通市售除草剂,采用随机区组和正交设计筛选对香榧苗木无害且有效的除草荆单荆和组合.结果表明:(1)推荐剂量范围内不同除草剂对香榧苗圃地杂草都有一定的防除效果,药后第28天的株防效在57.46%～74.63%之间.果尔、百草枯的株防效较好,时效较长,可以选用;草甘膦的短时株防效最高,但时效短;精稳杀得起效较慢.(2)不同浓度除草剂混用后的除草效果比单剂好,药后第28天的株防效在84.32%～94.74%,筛选出的24%果尔乳油(1 050 mL/hm2)+10%草甘膦水剂(16 500 mL/hm2)+15%精稳杀得乳油(450 mL/hm2)复配剂除草效果最佳.(3)香榧苗圃地使用除草剂对苗木生长无影响,而且工效高,伤苗少,成本低,相对人工除草降低1 950 元/hm2以上.