乌骨鸡日粮氨基酸消化率的研究

选用96只150日龄体重1．4kg的成年乌骨公鸡，进行代谢试验，测定了玉米、麸皮、豆粕、肉骨粉、菌糖蛋白等饲料氨基酸的表观消化率和真消化率，为乌骨鸡日粮的合理配制提供了科学依据。     

外源性酶制剂对丝毛乌骨鸡蛋白质、氨基酸表观消化率及内源性消化酶活性的影响

本试验选用８０羽１日龄丝毛乌骨鸡（平均体重２４．７５±２．６６ｇ）,研究葡萄糖淀粉酶、中性蛋白酶对丝毛乌骨鸡蛋白质和氨基酸表观消化率及机体内源性消化酶活性的影响。将试鸡随机分为两组,每组４０羽,分栏群饲。一组为对照组,一组为试验组,分别饲喂不含外源性酶制剂的基础日粮和含４００００Ｕ／ｋｇ糖化酶、１０００Ｕ／ｋｇ中性蛋白酶的日粮。试验分前后两期,前期１～３７日龄,后期３８～６７日龄。前后期日粮营养水平分别为：粗蛋白２０．００％和１７．２０％;代谢能：１１．７５ＭＪ／ｋｇ和１２．０４ＭＪ／ｋｇ;钙：０．９％和０．９２％;磷：０．５０％和０．５４％;赖氨酸：１．３９％和０．６２％;蛋＋胱氨酸０．６６％和０．５４％。试验期内自由采食,自由饮水。在３０、６０日龄时,每组分别取６只体重与各自组平均体重相近的试鸡单笼饲养,进行为期６天的消化试验。两组日粮在原有的基础上各加入０．５％三氧化二铬作为指示剂,前三天预饲,后三天收粪。取样制样后测定日粮蛋白质和氨基酸表观消化率及粪中尿酸态氮、氨态氮含量。在３７、６７日龄时每组捕杀６只鸡,取胃和小肠上段内容物,制样后测定胃蛋白酶、小肠上段α—淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、总蛋白水解酶活性。结果     

肉仔鸡对若干国产原料的氨基酸消化率

本试验研究了肉仔鸡性别与日龄对菜籽粕、棉籽粕、肉骨粉和羽毛粉的氨基酸消化率的影响。试验中测定了4周龄和6周龄的肉仔鸡公鸡和母鸡对菜籽粕、棉籽粕、肉骨粉和羽毛粉的氨基酸消化率。研究表明 ,除羽毛粉以外 ,4周龄肉仔鸡对其他3种原料的氨基酸真消化率显著高于6周龄肉仔鸡(P<0.01) ,肉仔鸡日龄对羽毛粉的氨基酸真消化率无影响。肉仔鸡性别对棉籽粕的氨基酸真消化率具有极显著影响(P<0.01) ,公鸡对棉籽粕的氨基酸真消化率极显著低于母鸡 ;性别对其它3种原料的氨基酸真消化率无显著影响。肉仔鸡性别与日龄对菜籽粕氨基酸真消化率存在极显著互作(P<0.01) ,对棉籽粕的氨基酸真消化率存在显著互作(P<0.05) ,且各种氨基酸消化率均表现出相同的变化趋势     

泰和鸡蛋氨酸表观消化率与真消化率测定

选用健康、体重相近、20周龄泰和公鸡14羽,随机分为2组。测定蛋氨酸表观消化率与真消化率。结果表明:去盲肠泰和公鸡内源氨基酸排泄量高于未去盲肠鸡,但差异不显著(P>0.005)。2组蛋氨酸表观消化率(AA-AD)与真消化率(TA-AD)差异也不显著(P>0.05)。但盲肠微生物对内源氨基酸及饲料中未消化的蛋白质、多肽及氨基酸具有分解作用。     

泰和丝毛乌骨鸡早期(0～12周龄)蛋氨酸需要量研究

泰和丝毛乌骨鸡(以下简称泰和鸡)是我国最具特色的、古老的地方鸡品种。2001年已列为农业部首批公布的国家级畜禽保护品种之一。     

皖西白鹅3种常用蛋白饲料原料的氨基酸标准回肠消化率测定

为研究皖西白鹅对常用蛋白饲料原料豆粕、菜籽粕及DDGS的氨基酸标准回肠消化率（SIAAD）,选取体重相近的56日龄皖西白鹅288只,随机分为24个饲喂栏,每个饲喂栏12只（公、母各半）,试验期为35 d,0~28 d为预饲期,全部饲喂相同基础日粮;29~35 d为试验期,分别饲喂待测饲粮和无氮饲粮6 d,每种饲粮6个饲喂栏（重复）,第35天早上饲喂前采集回肠食糜并测定食糜中的氨基酸含量。结果显示：豆粕、菜籽粕和DDGS的平均SIAAD分别为88.30%、81.17%、88.99%,且豆粕和DDGS平均SIAAD显著（P<0.05）高于菜籽粕。豆粕中氨基酸的SIAAD如下：赖氨酸（Lys）81.27%、蛋氨酸（Met）95.14%、苏氨酸（Thr）85.08%、缬氨酸（Val）88.25%、亮氨酸（Leu）88.20%、异亮氨酸（Ile）87.33%、苯丙氨酸（Phe）91.66%、组氨酸（His）87.77%和精氨酸（Arg）92.18%;菜籽粕氨基酸的SIAAD如下：Lys 75.19%、Met 87.87%、Thr 82.96%、Val 84.25%、Leu 83.19%、Ile 81.94%、Phe 86.08%、His 84.39%和Arg 83.10%;DDGS 中氨基酸的SIAAD如下：Lys 83.74%、Met 94.59%、Thr 90.85%、Val 91.97%、Leu 93.67%、Ile 91.38%、Phe 94.73%、His 90.59%和Arg 94.09%。该试验结果为豆粕、菜籽粕和DDGS在皖西白鹅饲粮上的高效利用和合理配制低氮饲粮提供数据参考。     

翘嘴红鲌、花Hua对18种饲料原料蛋白质、氨基酸离体消化率

利用翘嘴红鲌、花Hua的肠道为消化酶酶源，采用离体消化率的测定方法，分别测定了对次粉、麸皮、玉米、小麦、大豆、豆粕、膨化大豆、葵粕、红花籽粕、花生粕、棉粕(1)、棉粕(2)、油菜籽、菜籽粕、菜籽饼、血粉、国产鱼粉、肉粉的离体消化率。翘嘴红鲌对大豆、花生粕、油菜籽、菜籽饼、豆粕有较好的消化率(消化率≥36．20％)；花Hua对花生粕、油菜籽、豆粕、菜籽饼、棉粕(2)有较好的消化率(消化率≥33．87％)，这些原料在人工配合饲料中可以优先选择。     

浅谈泰和乌骨鸡骨粉开发的前景

泰和乌骨鸡是我国特有的珍禽,由于其兼具较高的食用、药用而备受关注。但近年来少有人对其鸡骨进行具体的研究。本文对泰和乌骨鸡骨粉的开发前景进行阐述,以期对动物生产有一定参考作用。     

乌骨鸡饲料氨基酸消化率及日粮蛋氨酸、赖氨酸营养需要的研究

试验研究了乌骨鸡对日粮中蛋氨酸、赖氨酸的营养需要和对日粮氨基酸的消化率。试验1采用单因子试验设计,研究0~12周龄乌骨鸡对日粮中蛋氨酸、赖氨酸的营养需要。结果表明,1)日粮中蛋氨酸水平:0~4周龄0.32%~0.52%,5~8周龄0.29%~0.49%,9~12周龄0.28%~0.48%;日粮中赖氨酸水平:0~4周龄0.90%~1.10%,5~8周龄0.77%~0.97%,9~12周龄0.76%~0.96%对乌骨鸡体质量、体增重、采食量和料重比均未产生显著影响。2)根据乌骨鸡生产性能和经济效益,建议各饲养阶段日粮真可消化蛋氨酸、赖氨酸营养水平为:0~4周龄蛋氨酸0.28%,赖氨酸0.81%;5~8周龄蛋氨酸0.25%,赖氨酸0.69%;9~12周龄蛋氨酸0.25%,赖氨酸0.69%。试验2选用成年乌骨公鸡进行代谢试验,测定了玉米、麸皮、豆粕、肉骨粉、菌糖蛋白等饲料氨基酸消化率,为乌骨鸡日粮的合理配制提供了科学依据。     

几种常用的植物性蛋白质饲料

<正>植物性蛋白质饲料主要来源于富含植物脂肪的籽实加工副产品,如大豆、花生、棉籽、菜籽、芝麻等经提取油脂后的粕(饼)类产品,例如大豆粕(饼)、花生粕(饼)、棉仁粕(饼)、菜籽粕(饼)等。近些年,由于植物油脂提取工艺的改进,这类饲料原料多以     

几种饲料原料的猪氨基酸回肠末端表观消化率和真消化率的测定

试验选用起始体重为(35±1.04)kg的5头健康去势公猪(大白×长白),采用5×5拉丁方设计测定了玉米、豆粕、花生粕和乳清粉的氨基酸回肠末端表观消化率,采用水解酪蛋白法测定了氨基酸的内源损失,并计算得出4种原料的氨基酸回肠末端真消化率。本试验测得的4种原料的赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸的表观消化率与真消化率与中国饲料数据库2004年第15版推荐范围比较吻合。     

热处理对大豆制品在生长猪回肠表观和真可消化氨基酸消化率的影响

试验比较了不同热处理时间大豆片、普通豆粕和去皮豆粕在生长猪回肠表观和真消化率的影响。试验采用12头回肠末端安装简单T型瘘管的生长猪,6×6有重复拉丁方设计。采用玉米淀粉-豆粕半纯合型日粮,配制酪蛋白日粮用以测定内源氮和氨基酸的损失量。结果表明:随着大豆片热处理时间的延长(0～18min),粗蛋白质和氨基酸的回肠表观和真消化率均显著提高(线性效应,P<0.01)。生大豆片的粗蛋白质和氨基酸的消化率显著低于普通豆粕和去皮豆粕(P<0.01),但普通豆粕与去皮豆粕间差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

生长猪高蛋白豆粕氨基酸回肠可消化率的研究

选用10头健康回肠末端安装简单T型瘘管的杂交(杜×长×大),阉公猪体重(37.8±0.7)kg,采用有重复5×5拉丁方设计,比较4种不同豆粕产品(去皮与带皮高蛋白豆粕,去皮与带皮常规豆粕)在生长猪的氨基酸回肠表观和真消化率。结果表明:豆粕加工类型显著地影响豆粕中氨基酸回肠表观和真消化率,除精氨酸外,去皮豆粕氨基酸回肠表观消化率显著高于带皮豆粕(P<0.05);去皮豆粕必需氨基酸中的组氨酸、亮氨酸、蛋氨酸和苏氨酸均显著高于带皮豆粕(P<0.05)。与常规豆粕相比,高蛋白豆粕中苯丙氨酸、色氨酸、缬氨酸、丙氨酸的回肠表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05),这预示着高蛋白豆粕是生长猪的优良蛋白质和氨基酸来源。     

花生饼、粕鸡猪氨基酸真消化率的测定

本试验采用猪回直肠吻合法及“ＴＭＥ”改良法,分别测定了猪鸡对花生饼、粕的氨基酸真消化率（ＴＤＡＡ） 。结果表明：鸡的花生饼、粕ＴＤＡＡ 值相近。其中Ｌｙｓ 的ＴＤＡＡ 分别为８６ ．２ ％ 和８８ ．８ ％ ,为最低者：Ａｒｇ 的ＴＤＡＡ 分别为９６ ．２ ％ 和９７ ．１ ％ ,为最高者。花生饼、粕猪ＴＤＡＡ 中Ｌｙｓ 、Ｍｅｔ、Ｔｈｒ 较低,分别为８４ ．４ ％ 和８１ ．９ ％ ;８４ ．９ ％ 和８４ ．１ ％ ;８４ ．３ ％ 和８２ ．３ ％ 。精氨酸ＴＤＡＡ 最高,分别为９７ ．０ ％ 和９６ ．４ ％ 。     

差量法测定鸭饲料氨基酸真消化率和内源氨基酸排泄量的研究

为了考察差量法测定氨基酸真消化率及内源氨基酸排泄量的可行性,用平均体重(3.0±0.1)kg、7周龄的天府肉公鸭(樱桃谷×建昌鸭)96只进行试验,设计6个试验日粮,蛋白质水平分别为0、5%、10%、15%、20%和25%。采用Sibbald的强饲法测定氨基酸的消化率,并同时用无氮日粮法、梯度回归法及饥饿法测定内源氨基酸的排泄量,计算各蛋白质水平日粮氨基酸的真消化率。试验结果表明,差量法测得各蛋白质水平段日粮氨基酸真消化率为(90.54±2.70)%、(90.62±1.88)%、(92.52±1.73)%、(92.73±1.77)%、(93.44±1.59)%和(92.37±1.09)%,在10%～20%的日粮蛋白质水平范围基本稳定。差量法、无氮日粮法、回归法和饥饿法测得日粮氨基酸真消化率平均值分别为(92.37±1.09)%、(92.65±0.56)%、(92.53±0.48)%和(89.15±2.02)%,其内源氨基酸排泄总量分别为0.233±0.015(6个蛋白质水平日粮平均值)、0.228、0.230和0.184g/(4只.h)。由此得知,差量法可用于测定饲料氨基酸的真消化率及内源氨基酸排泄量。     

A Comparative Study of the Difference Method and the Enzyme-Hydrolyzed Casein Method for Determining True Amino Acid Digestibilities and Endogenous Amino Acid Losses in Duck Feed

In this study, we examined the variations between the difference method and the enzyme-hydrolyzed casein method for determining endogenous amino acid loss and the true amino acid digestibility in ducks fed normal protein-containing diets. These methods were compared to the nitrogen-free (N-free) diet method. The difference method was based on soybean meal as the only protein source, with the experimental diets containing crude protein levels at 15% and 20%. The enzyme-hydrolyzed casein method was based on enzyme-hydrolyzed casein meal as the protein source, with the experimental diet containing a crude protein level of 17.5%. The N-free diet was prepared with starches and paper fibers. In each method, 64 Tianfu meat drakes (7-weeks-old) with an average body weight of 2.77 ± 0.16 kg were used and divided into four groups, and fed four different diets. Each group contained four replicates of four drakes and they were force fed trial diets according to the Sirbald method for detecting their apparent amino acid digestibility, endogenous amino acid loss and true amino acid digestibility. The results demonstrated that using the difference, enzyme-hydrolyzed casein and N-free diet methods, endogenous amino acid losses were 0.9946, 1.2243 and 0.9297 mg/g dry matter intake (DMI), respectively. The true amino acid digestibility measured by the difference method was 88.93% ± 4.43%. Using the enzyme-hydrolyzed casein method with two dietary crude protein levels of 15% and 20%, the digestibility was 91.15% ± 4.33% and 91.97% ± 4.16%, respectively, and by the N-free diet methods with two dietary crude protein levels of 15% and 20%, it was 88.55% ± 4.29% and 88.82% ± 4.61%, respectively. The results suggested that when the dietary protein level was 15% to 20 %, the true amino acid digestibility and endogenous amino acid loss as determined by the difference method was more accurate than the values determined by the enzyme-hydrolyzed casein method.     

A Comparative Study of the Difference Method and the Enzyme-Hydrolyzed Casein Method for Determining True Amino Acid Digestibilities and Endogenous Amino Acid Losses in Duck Feed

In this study,we examined the variations between the difference method and the enzyme-hydrolyzed casein method for determining endogenous amino acid loss and the true amino acid digestibility in ducks fed normal protein-containing diets.These methods were compared to the nitrogen-free(N-free)diet method.The difference method was based on soybean meal as the only protein source,with the experimental diets containing crude protein levels at 15% and 20%.The enzyme-hydrolyzed casein method was based on enzyme-hydrolyzed casein meal as the protein source,with the experimental diet containing a crude protein level of 17.5%.The N-free diet was prepared with starches and paper fibers.In each method,64 Tianfu meat drakes(7-weeks-old)with an average body weight of 2.77±0.16 kg were used and divided into four groups,and fed four different diets.Each group contained four replicates of four drakes and they were force fed trial diets according to the Sirbald method for detecting their apparent amino acid digestibility,endogenous amino acid loss and true amino acid digestibility.The results demonstrated that using the difference,enzyme-hydrolyzed casein and N-free diet methods,endogenous amino acid losses were 0.9946,1.2243 and 0.9297 mg/g dry matter intake(DMI),respectively.The true amino acid digestibility measured by the difference method was 88.93%±4.43%.Using the enzyme-hydrolyzed casein method with two dietary crude protein levels of 15% and 20%,the digestibility was 91.15%±4.33% and 91.97%±4.16%,respectively,and by the N-free diet methods with two dietary crude protein levels of 15% and 20%,it was 88.55%±4.29% and 88.82%±4.61%,respectively.The results suggested that when the dietary protein level was 15% to 20 %,the true amino acid digestibility and endogenous amino acid loss as determined by the difference method was more accurate than the values determined by the enzyme-hydrolyzed casein method.     

微生物发酵粕类蛋白质饲料的研究进展

作者综述了粕类蛋白质饲料,包括豆、菜、棉粕作为动物饲料原料的营养特点及经过微生物发酵后可有效改善其营养价值,提高动物消化利用率,促进动物生产,从而节约饲料成本,且有利于缓解中国蛋白质饲料资源紧缺的关键性问题,并提出了微生物发酵粕类蛋白质饲料存在的问题及发展前景。     

不同水平豆粕鱼粉日粮对乌苏里貉营养利用率和体增重的影响

2012年7月24日至11月17日,对24只约9周龄的乌苏里貉饲喂不同蛋白源的等氮饲料,以探明不同水平豆粕和鱼粉日粮对貉营养物质利用率和体增重的影响。试验在遗传背景一致的前提下,将24只幼貉随机均分成4组,即Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组,饲喂的蛋白饲粮分别添加豆粕0、10%、20%和30%,鱼粉和膨化玉米[m(鱼粉)∶m(膨化玉米)=35∶17]组成的混合物30%、20%、10%和0%。消化代谢试验依次包括预饲期、试验1期、间隔期和试验2期;体重的测定在试验1期和试验2期的第1天和第6天及之后每周周六上午饲喂前进行。试验结果表明:豆粕添加量为30%的Ⅳ组受试动物在试验1期干物质、脂肪和有机物的表观消化率显著低于其余3组(P<0.05),增重亦显著低于其余3组(P<0.05);在试验2期差距虽然缩小,但干物质与有机物的表观消化率依旧显著低于其余3组(P<0.05);豆粕添加量为10%时获得最大平均体重。