设施葡萄植株不同生育阶段矿质营养需求特性研究

以日光温室促早栽培的‘贝达’砧木嫁接的‘87-1’葡萄为试材,2016—2018年,在萌芽、始花、末花、种子发育、果实转色、果实成熟和落叶等关键时期进行整株取样,分析测定植株各矿质元素的含量,计算年生长周期中各生育阶段不同矿质元素的吸收分配比率、需求比例、吸收速率和需求量,探明设施促早栽培条件下葡萄植株对矿质营养的需求特性,为设施葡萄肥料高效利用技术和产品的研发提供依据。研究结果表明：（1）设施葡萄萌芽–始花阶段对各养分的吸收量较大,吸收分配比率为10%左右,其中氮、磷、钾、硼、铜和锰超过14%,钾更是高达21.1%;本阶段对各养分的吸收速率中等。始花–末花阶段对各养分的吸收量最小,但吸收分配比率也达10%左右,氮和钼分别为13.0%和15.3%;本阶段对各养分的吸收速率较大。末花至果实转色阶段虽不是所有养分吸收的最大需求期,但吸收分配比率基本超过20%;本阶段对氮、钾和硼的吸收量在各生育阶段中最高,吸收分配比率分别为30.1%、35.0%和34.9%;对镁、铁、锰、锌、铜和钼的吸收量居第2位,吸收分配比率分别为23.2%、27.1%、23.1%、21.6%、19.9%和30.3%;对磷和钙的吸收量居第3位,吸收分配比率分别为18.9%和20.6%;本阶段对各养分的吸收速率较大。果实转色至采收阶段,对磷、钙和钼的吸收分配比率较大,分别为24.6%、21.9%和25.5%;氮、铁、锰和锌次之,分别为18.8%、17.2%、16.0%和18.4%;钾、镁、硼和铜最小,分别为14.3%、15.5%、15.6%和14.7%;本阶段对各养分的吸收速率较大。果实采收至落叶阶段,对大多数养分的吸收量在各生育阶段中占比最高,对磷、钙、镁、铜、铁、锰、钼和锌的吸收分配比率高达33.8%、37.5%、42.6%、41.1%、33.9%、35.0%、33.8%和38.7%,仅氮、钾和硼略低,但吸收量在各生育阶段中也高居第2位和第3位,吸收分配比率达18%以上;本阶段对各养分的吸收速率较低。（2）设施葡萄植株对钙的需求量最大,分别是钾的1.34倍、氮的1.35倍、磷的3.29倍和镁的5.95倍。综上,各养分的吸收贯穿设施葡萄的整个年生长周期,吸收分配比率和吸收速率因生育阶段不同而异;鲜食葡萄不仅是钾质作物,更是钙质作物。     

Effect of phosphorus supply on acid phosphatase activity in the leaves of tomato plants

Tomato plants were grown in peat and given either no additional phosphate in the growing-medium or 2.34 kg superphosphate/m³ following an initial growing-period when all plants were adequately supplied with superphosphate. In addition, plants received either 50 or 300 μg N/ml as ammonium nitrate in a liquid feed. Typical symptoms of phosphorus deficiency appeared in the plants only about 6 weeks after transfer to the peat to which no phosphate had been added.Both before and after the onset of symptoms, acid phosphatase activity in extracts from fully expanded leaves of plants in the deficient medium was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than in extracts from plants adequately supplied with superphosphate. Reducing the nitrogen supply did not diminish this biochemical response to phosphorus deficiency. The enzyme assay can be completed within 2 h of receiving the leaf samples and is a rapid biochemical test for phosphorus deficiency in the tomato.     

石竹试管花的诱导及其影响因子的研究

以石竹试管花的茎段为材料，研究了几种因子对试管花形成的作用。结果表明，开花植株的茎段可稳定地保持形成花芽的能力；外源激素对试管花的形成不是必需的因子。低浓度的生长素利于长根，对花芽的形成没有明显的影响，但较高浓度明显地抑制试管花的形成；细胞分裂素只促进营养芽的分化，完全抑制花芽的形成；所试培养基的各类和浓度除Ｎ６培养基外对花芽的作用没明显的差异；在缺ＮＨ４ＮＯ３的培养基中植株的营养生长受到抑制，植株变矮，叶片数减少，基部叶片发黄，植株提前开花，但不影响开花率。植株上部茎段比下部茎段形成花芽的频率高。     

生姜肥料养分配比与姜瘟病防治试验

采用生姜肥料氮、磷、钾合理配比,并配合生物农药青萎散.进行了对产量的影响和姜瘟病的防治效果试验.试验结果表明,在有机肥比较充足的条件下,1 hm2配施尿素163.5 kg,普钙250.5 kg,硫酸钾300 kg,生姜产量较高;采用青萎散浸种+泼浇处理,防治姜瘟病效果较好,较对照增产55.5%.     

钙浓度对枇杷小苗钙、镁吸收的影响

以钙浓度不同的Hoagland营养液进行沙培试验,研究钙浓度对枇杷小苗钙、镁吸收的影响。结果表明,枇杷小苗在培养6个月与4个月时相比,高钙浓度处理的叶片和根系钙含量分别增加3.07%、28.95%,叶片镁含量则下降13.1%,根系镁含量增加10.5%;低钙浓度处理的小苗叶片、根系钙含量分别下降11.27%和7.81%,镁含量则分别上升19.0%和14.3%。说明正常供钙有利小苗对钙、镁的吸收。     

大量营养元素对花菜类花球形成的影响

从大量营养元素氮、磷、钾、钙、镁及硫对青花菜、花椰菜等花菜在花芽分化、花球发育等生理过程的影响,探讨花菜类蔬菜花球形成所受到的营养调控,便于合理运用营养调控技术进行花菜类蔬菜优质、高效生产.     

琯溪蜜柚落花落果特性及养分损失定量化研究

[目的]以福建省平和县特色柑橘品种琯溪蜜柚为实验材料,进行不同分级花的形态和落花落果的养分含量及其脱落损耗的养分定量化研究,以期为蜜柚开花坐果期的养分管理和合理施肥提供科学依据.[方法]在平和县坂仔镇优势种植区选取盛果期琯溪蜜柚(8～15年生),分别开展不同分级花(Ⅰ-Ⅴ级)的形态、生物量、养分浓度特性以及落花落果的动...     

蝴蝶花花器结构和开花授粉生物学特性

 通过田间观察, 运用杂交指数、花粉及柱头活力、花粉/胚珠比、坐果率等指标, 对蝴蝶花 ( Iris japonica Thunb. ) 人工种群的花部特征、开花动态及授粉特性等进行研究。在人工栽培条件下, 蝴蝶花2-4月份开花, 群体花期62 d, 单株花期9～28 d, 单花花期36～48 h。雄蕊短于花柱, 花药与柱头相差0132 cm, 在花朵开放的整个过程中雌、雄蕊的相对位置始终不变。杂交指数OCI = 4, P /O值为275.68,结合坐果率结果, 判断其繁育系统属于异交, 部分自交亲和, 需要传粉者。特殊的花部结构可能是蝴蝶花结实率较低的原因。     

Environmental factors affecting flowering of rice flower (Ozothamnus diosmifolius,Vent.)

Rice flower (Ozothamnus diosmifolius, Vent.), native to east Australia, is a spring flowering perennial shrub. It is a new cut flower plant, recently introduced into cultivation in Australia and in Israel. Its response to environmental conditions, which affect growth and flowering, are not yet known. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of growth temperature, photoperiod and total solar energy on flowering. Experiments were conducted with plants of the cv. Cook’s Snow White. Plants were grown in three cycles under controlled conditions in the phytotron, at four day/night temperature regimes: 17/9, 20/12, 23/15 and 26/18°C. Two photoperiods — short day (SD) of 10 h natural day light and long day (LD) of 10 h natural light plus 10 h incandescent light — were employed. High temperatures enhanced vegetative growth but blocked flowering under both LD and SD. Under medium–moderate temperatures plants were absolute LD plants and did not flower under SD conditions. Under lower temperatures plants flowered under both LD and SD, but SD delayed flowering. High total solar radiation under LD did not affect flowering time but greatly promoted the number of flowering stems.     

磷钾肥配施对嫁接西瓜黑翡翠产量及品质的影响

采用大田随机区组设计,研究了同等施氯条件下,不同磷、钾肥配比对嫁接西瓜黑翡翠产量及品质的影响。研究结果表明,施尿素为417kg,hm2的条件下,磷钾肥用量对黑翡翠茎粗、主蔓长度、产量及品质均有较大的影响。其中以A·B·组合（钙镁磷682kg/hm2,硫酸钾504k加m2）的产量最高,达36390kg/hm2,较对照A,B,（钙镁磷367kg/hm2,硫酸钾252kg/hm2）增产4800kg/hm2,增产幅度为15．2％,且A1B1组合的可溶性固形物含量也为各处理间最高。