微波技术在木材干燥中的研究进展

微波技术以其独特的加热机理和特点为木材快速高效干燥提供了一条新途径。笔者简述了近年来国内外在木材微波干燥工艺方面取得的一些重要的研究进展,主要集中在微波功率、含水率和温度等基本干燥参数的优化及红外摄像技术等先进检测技术的应用等方面。同时指出了在木材微波干燥基础理论、干燥工艺、木材结构特性与微波加热非均匀性等方面缺乏系统性研究的问题。建议今后应加强基础理论研究并结合现代测控技术进行系统研究。     

黑龙江省木材科学研究所

正黑龙江省木材科学研究所(原名为黑龙江省林产工业研究所)成立于1958年,是以木材科学基础研究和公益研究为主的省级木材科学与技术领域综合性重点研究机构。该所设有人造板研究室、制材技术研究室、木材干燥研究室、家具与复合材研究室、木材胶粘剂研究室和机电研究室6个专业研究室和1个实验中心,负责承担人造板工艺与制造、木材加工工艺与技术、木材物理与干燥技术、木质功能材料、木质结构复合工程材料、木材胶黏     

杉木木材的高温快速干燥工艺研究

依据杉木木材的特性, 研究制定了杉木木材的高温快速干燥工艺。选择周期强制端风机喷蒸加热干燥窖作为该工艺的干燥窖型, 并拟订了其实施方案, 进而编制出具有实用性的杉木木材干燥基准, 生产实践证明采用此工艺可获得预期的干燥效果。     

黑龙江省木材科学研究所

黑龙江省木材科学研究所(原名为黑龙江省林产工业研究所)成立于1958年,是以木材科学基础研究和公益研究为主的省级木材科学与技术领域综合性重点研究机构。该所设有人造板研究室、制材技术研究室、木材干燥研究室、家具与复合材研究室、木材胶粘剂研究室和机电研究室6个专业研究室和1个实验中心,负责承担人造板工艺与制造、木材加工工艺与技术、木材物理与干燥技术、木质功能材料、木质结构复合工程材料、木材胶黏剂、机电自动化设计与制造7个方向的科研工作。     

我国木材干燥理论与技术研究的现状与建议

介绍了第十九届国际干燥会议的简况,以及我国参会代表的论文分布情况。对近几年木材干燥领域相关论文在《林业科学》《林产工业》、《木材工业》杂志的刊登情况,及近5年北京林业大学木材干燥方向研究生的研究内容进行了统计分析。在此基础上初步剖析了近年来我国木材干燥领域理论与技术研究的现状、存在的问题及困惑,提出了促进我国木材干燥理论与技术研究的几点建议,为我国木材干燥领域的可持续发展提供参考。     

我省木材干燥技术的现状及发展趋势探讨

<正> 木材干燥是木材加工生产过程中不可缺少的加工工序,它不仅是保证木制品质量的关键,而且是木材合理利用和节约木材的重要措施。在木材加工的整个工艺过程中,木材干燥的能耗约占加工总能耗的40～70%,直接影响产品的成本。近几年来,我国木材工业发展较快,木材干燥得到了人们的充分重视,木材干燥科技进步是明显的,生产水平也有较大提高。在木材干燥工艺和设备的研究方面;在引进、吸收国外先进技术方面;在提高现有干燥设备生产效率、干燥质量、减少能耗、降低成本等方面开     

木材热压干燥研究现状与应用前景

文中综述了木材热压干燥理论及试验研究,分析了热压干燥工艺对干燥时间、干燥质量和物理力学性能的影响;为了对木材热压干燥过程进行预测和工艺控制,归纳了木材热压干燥传热传质规律以及数学模型构建与求解的研究现状,也为更好地建立和完善木材热压干燥数学模型与干燥工艺奠定了基础;指出木材热压干燥及传热传质模型研究中存在的主要问题,对完善木材热压干燥机理研究与传热传质数学模型构建提出建议,并对热压干燥在人工林木材中的应用进行了展望,可为人工林木材高效高附加值利用提供参考。     

对我国木材干燥技术创新与发展问题的几点思考

概述了我国木材干燥工业发展的现状.指出了目前木材干燥工业发展中存在的主要问题,如总体水平较低,干燥技术发展不均衡,木材干燥学科在行业内的地位和影响力有所下降.提出了应加强理论创新;针对我国木材资源特点重视木材干燥新技术的研究与技术的集成创新;倡导"节能减排"的绿色干燥;充分发挥学会、协会的引领作用等推动木材干燥工业健康发展的思路.     

番龙眼地板毛坯干燥工艺基准和干燥工艺实施

为了提高番龙眼地板毛坯干燥质量,对25mm厚的番龙眼地板毛坯进行低温低湿干燥工艺的研究.探讨了番龙眼木材干燥工艺基准的制订,并通过番龙眼木材干燥工艺的实施对其干燥结果进行分析,为进一步研究制订番龙眼木材干燥工艺提供了思路和方法.     

木材真空干燥特点及国内研究现状

阐述了木材真空干燥的特点和国内研究现状,真空干燥可满足木材高品质、高效率、低成本的干燥目标,对推进行业节能减排工作、解决难干材和改性处理材干燥问题、提高干燥品质等均具有重要意义。对真空干燥木材的机理、研究进展、可能的研究方向进行评述,以期促进木材真空干燥科研工作和生产实践的共同发展。     

Agroforestry policy issues and research directions in the US and less developed countries: insights and challenges from recent experience

Efforts to improve the performance of agroforestry systems, and to expand the land area and number of people able to benefit from this integrative approach to agriculture and natural resource management, are constrained throughout the world by non-supportive land use policies. A growing sense of urgency that policy change is needed to enable agroforestry to flourish has contributed during the past two years to an unprecedented level of agroforestry policy assessment and planning activity.In the US, agroforestry has emerged from academia, where it has incubated since the mid-1980s, into the professional resource management arena. A multi-organizational agroforestry evaluation process has driven national policy and program formation to the forefront of the agenda of the agroforestry community, as it seeks to influence the 1995 Farm Bill. Internationally, the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research and collaborators fostered a sequence of policy issue identification activities as a basis for setting strategic research priorities for forestry and agroforestry.Following a brief review of forces driving agroforestry development in industrialized and less developed countries, the paper highlights recent policy assessment initiatives in each sphere. Observations on the issues driving and the priorities emerging from these processes are offered, to lend perspective to the critical challenges facing the agroforestry policy research community. An explanation for pervasive constraints and inconsistencies in policy effectiveness is then explored, from which a promising approach to research intervention is forwarded.It is argued that social scientists might influence agroforestry policy most favorably at this critical juncture, as perceptions of inter-dependence increase among different stakeholders in the policy system, by employing interventionist, actor-oriented perspectives and participatory methods to facilitate policy innovation and evaluation. The approach is consistent with participatory technology design processes that earlier helped to establish agroforestry as a prototype for sustainable development.     

中国树木文化研究进展

对我国近年来有关树木文化的概念、文化属性、树木崇拜与宗教、树木美学、古树名木、栽培制度等方面的研究文献进行系统的梳理和综述,提出存在的问题并展望了树木文化研究趋势,旨在揭示树木文化的内涵,为不同树种的文化层面研究提供参考。     

Research opportunities to improve the production of homegardens

The management of home gardens on a widescale basis is reviewed and examples of specific systems are presented. Opportunities for improvement are presented and recommendations for research are given. Because of the contribution to supply food and goods to millions of people, the home gardens should play a more important role in development programs and more organized and directed research should be provided. This should contribute greatly to the yield from these land use systems.     

植物体细胞胚胎发生研究进展

胚胎相关基因表达与蛋白质研究、细胞起源以及激素和渗透调节物质的作用是当前国际上植物体细胞胚胎发生的研究热点。我国在胚胎相关基因的表达与调控、人工种子制备等方面较国际先进水平存在一定差距。基因表达与调控、胚胎发生与相应细胞分裂调控变化的信号途径、生物反应器改进和应用等在一段时间内将成为研究的重点。     

Directions in tropical agroforestry research: past, present, and future

Reflections on the past two decades of organized research in tropical agroforestry raise several issues. Research efforts started with an inductive and experiential approach but have subsequently followed a deductive and experimental approach that includes hypothesis testing and the development of predictive capability; agroforestry research is thus being transformed into a rigorous scientific activity. The research agenda, so far, has given high priority to soil fertility and other biophysical interactions, less priority to anthropological and sociological aspects, and little priority to evaluating costs and returns, pests and diseases, and the so-called non-timber forest (tree) products. Moreover, larger-spatial-scale issues, such as carbon sequestration, water quality, and biodiversity conservation, have been neglected because of the emphasis on field- and farm-scale studies. Overall, the high expectations that were raised about the role and potential of agroforestry as a development vehicle have not been fulfilled. In order to overcome this, it is imperative that research be focused on the generation of appropriate, science-based technologies of wide applicability, especially under resource-poor conditions and in smallholder farming systems. Future research agendas should entail a judicious blending of science and technology. Applied research should build upon the findings of basic research to generate technologies for application at the farm, regional and global levels. Such research should place increased focus on previously neglected subjects, for example, the exploitation of indigenous fruit-producing trees, the agronomic components of agroforestry systems, and the global issues mentioned above. Furthermore, an appropriate methodology that embodies economic, social, and environmental costs and benefits needs to be developed to realistically assess the impacts of agroforestry, and an enabling policy environment that will facilitate agroforestry adoption needs to be made available. Agroforestry research of the 21st century should strive to build bridges from the inductive phase of the past, through the deductive phase of the present, to the future phase of harnessing science and generating technologies for the benefit of the land and its present and future users. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

我国山苍子的研究现状及展望

综述了山苍子的生物学特征、用途,以及近年来山苍子的繁殖技术、造林技术、精油的提取纯化等方面的研究进展;总结了山苍子资源开发利用中存在的问题,提出山苍子研究的方向。     

麻疯树的研究进展

概述了麻疯树基础研究和应用研究方面取得的大量成果.基础研究方面介绍了麻疯树的建园整地、种质资源、栽培、施肥等方面的研究成果;应用研究方面对麻疯树在能源、医学、生物防治、生态、环保等方面的研究进展进行了综述.提出了今后需深入研究的方向.     

Participatory technology development in agroforestry: methods from a pilot project in Zimbabwe

An on-farm agroforestry pilot project was initiated by the Zimbabwe Forestry Commission in 1988. The main objective of the project is to investigate a range of options to solve problems of woodland depletion faced by small-scale farmers. This paper describes the first two years of on-farm experimentation. The first season's trials are described, and the rationale for moving towards an approach of greater farmer participation in the research process is given. Steps taken to promote experimental tree planting on farms are described, and methods used are illustrated by examples from the project. Critical awareness-raising techniques, steamming from Freirian philosophy, have been central to the methods. The need for a partnership between formal and informal farmer-based research is discussed, as is a model for agroforestry research and development. The latter is proposed in a way that formal research develops the components of agroforestry practices, whilst farmers are encouraged to experiment with a combination of these components in order to develop practices appropriate to local conditions.