不同地区文冠果种仁油脂肪酸组分及含量的变化规律

采用气相色谱方法,对14个地区的文冠果种仁油脂肪酸进行了气相色谱分析,测得种仁油含有棕榈酸(C16∶0)、硬脂酸(C18∶0)、油酸(C18∶1)、亚油酸(C18∶2)、花生酸(C20∶0)、亚麻酸(C18∶3)、廿碳二烯-11,14酸(C20∶2)、山俞酸(C22∶0)、"蜜"酸(C20∶3)、木焦油酸(C24∶0)、神经酸(C24∶1)等11种脂肪酸,碳链长度主要集中在C16～C18之间,适合生产生物柴油.亚油酸、"蜜"酸、亚麻酸、廿碳二烯-11,14酸、山俞酸、木焦油酸、神经酸的含量随着地理纬度和经度的增加有增加的趋势;棕榈酸、花生酸、硬脂酸的含量随着地理纬度的增加有增加的趋势,但随着经度的增加有减小的趋势;油酸的含量随着地理纬度和经度的增加有减小的趋势.     

栝楼籽油的理化性质及其脂肪酸组成分析

采用索式提取器萃取栝楼籽油,经甲酯化处理后,用气质联用仪（GC-MS）对栝楼籽仁油的脂肪酸组成进行分析和鉴定,面积归一法计算各种成分的质量分数,并对其理化性质进行分析研究。结果表明：从栝楼籽仁油中捡出19种脂肪酸：10种饱和脂肪酸,以棕榈酸、硬脂酸为主,占脂肪酸总量8．019％;9种不饱扣脂肪酸,以油酸、亚油酸和栝楼酸为主,占总量的91．603％。理化测定结果表明：栝楼籽的出仁率为55．8％,种仁含油率为51．4％,折光指数为1．4831,皂化价为190．2mg KOH／g,碘价为120．9gI2／100g,酸价为1．62mgKOH／g,过氧化值为0．85meq／kg,可见栝楼籽油是一种值得开发利用的营养保健油源。     

樟树种子油中脂肪酸成分分析

对用索氏提取和超临界CO2萃取的樟树种子油油脂的理化常数及油脂组成进行分析,结果表明,樟树种子油的脂肪酸组成主要是癸酸和月桂酸,占94%左右,并且超临界CO2萃取的油酸值低,适用于作医药和功能性油脂生产的原料。     

耳木的微观构造及有关的理化性质

通过阐述耳木的微观构造、化学组成及水分的存在状态,揭示了菌丝的生境条件和生长发育规律,从而在理论上解释了耳木年产量、周期产量与耳木树种、质量的关系。为食用菌的丰产栽培管理提供了科学依据。     

江西省梾木属种质资源及开发利用

江西省木属有小梾木、梾木、毛梾、灯台树、红瑞木、光皮树6种。本文概述其特征、分布、利用现状,并提出开发利用建议。     

Ni/HZSM 5催化裂解光皮梾木油制备生物烃基燃料试验

光皮梾木(Cornus wisoniana)是一种优良的能源树种,适种面积广泛,其油脂成分主要包含油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸等。笔者以光皮梾木油为原料,采用等体积浸渍法自制Ni/HZSM 5固体催化剂进行催化裂解制备生物烃基燃料。分别考察了反应时间、反应温度和催化剂用量等因素对催化裂解反应的影响,得出最佳单因素工艺参数为反应时间60 min,反应温度440℃,催化剂用量为2.0%(质量分数),在该反应条件下液体产物产率高达79.53%;在单因素试验基础上进行响应面试验条件优化,探讨了各因素之间交互作用对产品转化率的影响,结果表明,各因素的一次项对转化率影响呈现显著水平,其中反应温度对转化率影响最为显著,最佳条件为反应时间59.1 min、反应温度443.7℃、催化剂用量2.3%(质量分数)。产品经气质联用仪(GC MS)分析可知,其主要组成成分为烷烃类、烯烃类、羧酸类、醛类和醇类物质。对所制烃基燃料经燃料性能测定,结果表明,产品接近石化燃料且具有良好的燃料性能,热值为42.720 kJ/g,密度和运动黏度等均达到0#柴油标准,值得进一步深入开展相关研究。     

不同种源白杨皮漆树种仁含油率及脂肪酸成分分析

为了了解种源地对白杨皮漆树种仁含油率及漆油中脂肪酸成分的影响情况,从而给以不饱和脂肪酸为目标的漆树新品种的选育提供参考依据,以种源地分别为贵州省的大方县、云南省的富源县和怒江傈僳族自治州、陕西省的岚皋县的白杨皮漆树种籽为试材,应用索氏提取法和气相色谱-质谱联用技术,对其种仁含油率和漆油中的脂肪酸成分分别进行了测定。结果表明:4个种源地的白杨皮漆树其种仁含油率分别为17.4%、22.1%、13.3%、13.1%,不同种源的种仁含油率间存在极显著差异;4个种源地的白杨皮漆树其种籽油中的脂肪酸成分间也存在差异,其中,贵州大方的白杨皮漆油中脂肪酸的种类最多(共有23种),云南怒江的白杨皮漆油中脂肪酸的种类最少(共有20种);4个种源地的白杨皮漆油中不饱和脂肪酸的总含量间存在较大差别,其总含量范围在65.76%~81.10%之间,波幅为15.34%;从4个种源地的白杨皮漆油中检测出的脂肪酸的种类均不低于20种,其主要脂肪酸的含量分别占其脂肪酸总含量的96.99%、96.88%、97.31%、98.07%。     

西伯利亚杏种仁油脂积累及脂肪酸组分变化规律

[目的]采集西伯利亚杏发育期种仁,测定其单仁质量、油脂含量和脂肪酸组分,明确西伯利亚杏种仁发育特点、油脂累积特征和脂肪酸组分变化规律.[方法]以西伯利亚杏发育期种仁为试材,测定各时期种仁质量,利用索氏提取法提取西伯利亚杏发育期种仁油脂,并以气相色谱仪法测定各时期种仁脂肪酸组分及其含量,研究其种仁生长发育特点、油脂积累和...     

光皮梾木果实特征及产量

为充分了解光皮梾木(Cornus wilsoniana)果实特征、利用优树资源选育良种,对来自江西省和广东省的光皮梾木优树及扩繁无性系的果实性状、产量进行测定,结果表明:光皮梾木优树的鲜果、种子平均直径分别为6.08、4.54 mm,光皮梾木优树的鲜果、种子平均百粒重为14.3、5.56 g,光皮梾木优树无性系的鲜果、种子平均直径分别为5.81、4.32 mm;光皮梾木优树平均鲜果直径、种子直径、种子百粒重与扩繁无性系的平均鲜果直径、种子直径、种子百粒重间的相关系数分别为0.638、0.681、0.774,呈显著相关(P<0.05);优树无性系的果实直径、种子直径、种子百粒重复力分别为0.9734、0.9740、0.9921;优树无性系的鲜果平均单株产量为620.0~2636.7 g,初选的优良无性系JX3、JX2、JX12鲜果平均单株产量分别为2661.4、2637.7、2320.0 g,比试验林全林均值1723.5 g分别高54.4%、53.0%、34.6%;优树无性系的鲜果平均直径与鲜果平均单株产量相关系数为0.431,相关性不显著.     

湖南油用牡丹籽油的理化性质及脂肪酸组分分析

为更好了解湖南牡丹籽油的品质与特性,从而为湖南油用牡丹籽的开发与利用提供参考依据,对牡丹籽的组成、牡丹籽油的理化性质及脂肪酸组分进行了测定与分析。结果表明:带壳牡丹籽的粗脂肪含量为20.77%,不带壳牡丹籽的粗脂肪含量为28.36%;不带壳牡丹籽的蛋白质含量为19.94%,淀粉含量为22.98%,而带壳牡丹籽的蛋白质含量为13.76%,淀粉含量为18.81%,说明牡丹籽油是值得开发的食用油资源,牡丹籽破壳可以最大程度地提高牡丹籽的品质;带壳和不带壳牡丹籽油的理化性质相差不大,初榨毛油的酸值在1.7 mg/g左右,碘值在1.77 g/g左右,皂化值在194 mg/g左右,这些指标与常见食用油的理化性质基本相符;牡丹籽油的棕榈酸含量为4.9%,油酸21.3%,亚油酸30%,亚麻酸40.2%,硬脂酸1.5%,亚麻酸含量很高,达到了40%以上,牡丹籽油的不饱和脂肪酸含量在91%左右,其中以亚麻酸和亚油酸为主。     

Evaluation of biodiesel from Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge seed kernel oil from 13 areas in China

Oil content from seed kernels of Xanthoceras sorbifolia from 13 areas in China was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry to determine oil characteristics and biodiesel properties. The seeds had a high kernel percentage (53.67%± 7.51), oil content (52.21%± 4.01), and biodiesel yield (99.77%± 0.21). Among the fatty acids in the oil were high percentages of linoleic acid (41.66 ± 2.26)% and oleic acid (28.44%± 2.03). Most of the fuel properties complied well with the ASTM D6751-10, EN 14214-08, and GB/T 20828-2014 standards. The 13 sampling areas were grouped into four clusters based on different kernel percentage, oil content, biodiesel yield, and fatty acid composition. The results showed that the quality of kernel oils from seeds from Ar Horqin Banner was the best, although kernel oils from seeds in all 13 areas were suitable for biodiesel production. This study provides a basis for selecting optimal sites to harvest seeds from X. sorbifolia.     

不同产地油茶籽油脂肪酸组成研究

运用气相色谱技术分析了河南、湖北、湖南及广西地区产茶籽油脂肪酸的组成。结果表明:茶籽油中油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸含量及不饱和脂肪酸总含量与产地纬度有关。其中,油酸、亚麻酸含量及不饱和脂肪酸总含量随产地纬度的降低呈现出升高的趋势,而亚油酸的含量随产地纬度的降低呈现出先降低后升高的趋势。     

昆明引种的双荚决明花挥发油化学成分分析

用水蒸汽蒸馏的方法提取了双荚决明花的挥发油,通过GC-MS对其进行分析,用面积归一化法测定各化学成分的相对百分含量。实验结果表明,双荚决明花挥发油的化学成分可分为脂肪酸、酚类及烷烃类,其中十六烷酸（脂肪酸类化合物）的含量最高,为47.850%;烷烃类化合物9个,总含量为37.876%,以正二十七烷的含量较高,为12.594%;甲基-二特丁基-苯酚含量为5.874%。本实验结果为双荚决明的进一步研究提供了参考。     

Synthesis of new amino acid-type amphoteric surfactants from tall oil fatty acid

Two new amino acid-type amphoteric surfactants — disodiumN-(2-fatty acyl amino) ethyliminodiacetate and disodiumN-(2-fatty acyl amino) ethyl-N,N-bis[3-(2-hydroxy) propylsulfonate] amine — were synthesized using tall oil fatty acids as the raw material. Suitable processing conditions for synthesizing the intermediates and final products were probed. In addition, the chemical structures of the intermediates and the final products were identified by infrared spectroscopy, hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and elemental analysis.     

Extraction of seed oil from Diospyros lotus optimized using response surface methodology

Oil from seeds of Diospyros lotus was extracted using a conventional method with two different solvents:hexane and petroleum ether. A central composite design with response surface methodology were used to optimize the process. A second-order polynomial equation was employed, and ANOVA was applied to evaluate the impact of various operating parameters including extraction temperature(x_1; 44.9–70.1 °C), extraction time(x_2;5.0–10.0 h) and solvent to solid ratio(x_3;11.6–28.4 mL g^-1), on oil yield. Experiments to validate the model showed decent conformity between predicted and actual values. Extraction conditions for optimal oil yield were 61 °C, 8.75 h extraction duration and 19.25 mL g^-1 solvent to solid ratio. Under these conditions, the oil yield was predicted to be 5.1340%. Oil samples obtained were then analyzed using gas chromatography. The fatty acid composition revealed the major fatty acids to be oleic acid(C18:1) and linoleic acid(C18:2). The analysis of oil also demonstrated a decent ratio between omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. The structure of seeds was imaged using scanning electron microscopy. Oil quality was analyzed thermogravimetrically and by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The assigned nutritional features of the D. lotus oil suggested that it can be used as an edible oil in pharmaceutical and food industry in the future.     

Synthesis of new betaine-type amphoteric surfactants from tall oil fatty acid

Two new betaine-type amphoteric surfactants — betaineN,N'-dihydroxyethyl-N-ethyl fatty acid ester and ammoniumN-(fatty acid ester) ethyl-N,N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl)-3-(2-hydroxypropyl) sulfonate — were synthesized using tall oil fatty acids as the raw materials. Processing conditions suitable for synthesizing the intermediates and final products were probed. In addition, the chemical structures of the intermediates and the final products were identified by infrared spectroscopy, hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and elemental analysis.     

不同基肥对油用牡丹结籽性及籽脂肪酸组分的影响

【目的】为给南方地区油用牡丹高效栽培种植技术的完善提供理论参考,以四川湿润气候区的油用牡丹‘凤丹’品种为研究对象,比较了不同基肥的施用对牡丹结实情况和籽脂肪酸组分及含量的影响。【方法】共设置了油枯(0.1、0.5 kg/株)、牛粪(0.1、0.5 kg/株)、牛粪(0.1、0.5 kg/株)+复合肥(0.1 kg/株)6个基肥处理,观测不同基肥处理下油用牡丹结籽性,采用索氏抽提法测定油用牡丹籽粗脂肪含量,采用气相质谱法(CG-MS)对油用牡丹籽单体脂肪酸进行定性定量分析。【结果】在单株施牛粪0.1 kg+复合肥处理下,油用牡丹的单籽质量(0.470±0.029) g,籽长(10.452±0.266) mm,籽宽(8.660±0.056) mm,均好于其他施肥处理。油用牡丹籽粗脂肪含量在不同基肥处理下差异不明显,但单体脂肪酸含量存在显著差异。经GC-MS分析,在油用牡丹籽油中检测出13种单体脂肪酸,其中有8种饱和脂肪酸(癸酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、花生酸、榆树酸和木蜡酸),3种单不饱和脂肪酸(棕榈烯酸、油酸和顺-11-二十碳烯酸),2种多不饱和脂肪酸(亚油酸和亚麻酸);其中亚麻酸的含量最高(40.27%),其次为亚油酸和油酸,分别为29.02%、22.03%。【结论】单株施牛粪0.5 kg+复合肥处理对促进油用牡丹籽亚麻酸含量提高的效果最佳,在该处理下亚麻酸含量可达(45.97±0.01)%。     

Synthesis of 1-hydroxyethyl-2-alkyl-2-imidazoline and its derivative sulfonate amphoteric surfactant from tall oil fatty acid

1-Hydroxyethyl-2-alkyl-2-imidazoline (HEAI) and its derivative sulfonate amphoteric surfactant were synthesized using tall oil fatty acid as the raw material. Suitable experimental conditions for synthesizing the intermediate and final products were probed. Their chemical structures were also investigated by means of infrared spectroscopy and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Based on the results of these analyses, it has been found that during the reaction process of HEAI with sodium 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropane sulfonate under alkaline condition the imidazoline ring was hydrolyzed to amides, and the obtained amphoteric surfactant was actually a complex mixture of amides. An etherification reaction in the hydroxyethyl group was also observed when the HEAI/sodium 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropane sulfonate molar ratio was more than 1:1.