Yankee Chipper: A new golden nematode resistant potato variety with wide adaptation in the northeastern United States

The Yankee Chipper potato is a medium maturing variety with round to oblong, smooth, white-skinned tubers. Acceptable yields, good dry matter and light chip color characterize this widely adapted variety. It is resistant to golden nematode and virus X, and tubers do not show the net necrosis associated with leafroll virus infection.     

Campbell 14: A verticillium resistant round white potato variety

The Campbell 14 potato variety is a medium-late maturing variety with round to oblong, smooth, shallow-eyed, white tubers. This variety is intended primarily for fresh market; however, under some conditions chip color will be acceptable. Campbell 14 is resistant to verticillium wilt and to the net necrosis caused by the potato leafroll virus.     

St. Johns: A round white potato variety for fresh market

The St. Johns potato variety is high-yielding and late-maturing with attractive, round to oblong, white-skinned, white-fleshed tubers with mediumshallow eyes. Its major use is expected to be as a maincrop tablestock variety. Taste panels rated St. Johns better than or equal to Katahdin in texture, color, mealiness, and flavor. St. Johns tubers do not show the net necrosis caused by potato leafroll virus, and are resistant to golden nematode, corky ringspot, hollow heart, and blackspot bruising. St. Johns is also moderately resistant to greening, shatter bruise, verticillium wilt, early blight, common scab, the common race of late blight, leafroll,Fusarium sambucinum (dry rot) andErwinia carotovora (soft rot), although some breakdown has been reported in commercial storages. Symptoms of leafroll virus infection are somewhat difficult to detect.     

Coastal Chip: A chipping potato variety resistant to heat stress

Coastal Chip is a medium-late maturing potato chipping variety suitable for production in locations along the east coast of the United States where heat stress reduces internal quality of tubers. It yields as well as the variety Atlantic but is not as susceptible to heat necrosis. The specific gravity of Coastal Chip averages approximately 0.010 less than Atlantic at locations subject to heat stress. In the seed producing areas of Maine it’s specific gravity averages approximately 0.005 less than that of Atlantic. Tubers are round, netted-skinned, and have moderately deep stem and bud ends. Chips from Coastal Chip are slightly lighter in color than those produced by Atlantic. In mid-Atlantic states where heat stress adversely affects chip color Coastal Chip processes into chips for a slightly longer period of time after harvest than does Atlantic. Glycoalkaloid content of Coastal Chip averaged 7.9 mg/100 g fresh tissue. Sunburned (green) tubers of Coastal Chip develop purple streaks that remain following processing. Hills must be properly covered to reduce losses. Coastal Chip is resistant to race A of the golden nematode (Globodera rostochiensis) and potato virus A. It is tolerant to Verticillium wilt, more susceptible to common scab and Rhizoctonia than Atlantic and susceptible to potato virus X.     

Simcoe: A new early-maturing,chipping potato variety

Simcoe, a round, white, early potato variety with excellent boiling, baking and chipping qualities, was released by the University of Guelph, Agriculture Canada and the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food in 1981. Yield is comparable to that of Norchip while the chip color ratings and specific gravity are higher. Simcoe is resistant to mild mosaic and late blight, moderately resistant to common scab and moderately susceptible toRhizoctonia. It is susceptible to virus leafroll but resistant to net necrosis from current season infection.     

Sunrise: An early maturing,golden nematode resistant,round, white potato variety

The Sunrise potato variety is an early maturing variety with round to oblong, moderately smooth, white skinned tubers with medium-shallow eyes. Its characteristics are closely parallel to those of Superior, except Sunrise is resistant to race A of the golden nematode (Globodera rostochiensis). Sunrise is primarily a table potato; however, in southern areas it can be used for chips when processed without prolonged storage at low temperatures. Sunrise is resistant to virus X and does not show the net necrosis symptoms caused by leafroll virus. Its parents are Wauseon and B 6563-2, a selection from the USDA breeding program.     

Pomerelle Russet: an Early Maturing Potato Variety with High Yields of U.S. No. 1 Tubers Suitable for Fresh Market and mid-Storage Processing and Tolerance to Potato Mop-top Virus

Pomerelle Russet is an early maturing fresh potato variety, which produces moderately high early-season (95–110 days after planting) yields of long tubers with brown-russet skin. It is notable for its very attractive, smooth tubers and resistances to internal and external defects with a high percentage of U.S. No. 1 tubers. Fresh merit ratings for Pomerelle Russet in trials conducted in Idaho, Oregon and Washington were consistently higher than Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah. Early harvest yields for Pomerelle Russet are generally comparable to Russet Norkotah with a higher percentage of U.S. No. 1 tubers. Compared to Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah, Pomerelle Russet has greater resistance to Potato mop-top virus, soft rot, corky ringspot and tuber infections from late blight. It also has higher protein and vitamin C concentrations than Ranger Russet, Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah, indicating that it can provide an enhanced level of dietary protein and vitamin C relative to these standard potato varieties. Pomerelle Russet has moderate specific gravity and good resistance to sugar ends. It also has moderately long dormancy, about 30 days shorter than Russet Burbank. Average post-harvest processing ratings for Pomerelle Russet were similar to Ranger Russet and greater than Russet Burbank. Pomerelle Russet also has maintained acceptable fry color for about 180–200 days in storage at 8.9 °C, indicating potential for processing out of mid-term storage, with improved fry color uniformity relative to industry standards. However, its primary use appears to be as a high quality, early fresh variety.     

Elkton: A New Potato Variety with Resistance to Internal Heat Necrosis and Hollow Heart and Suitable for Chipping Directly from the Field in the Southern United States

Elkton is a medium to medium-late maturing potato variety with tan netted-skin, round-oval tubers, and white-flesh. Average marketable yields ranged from 76 % to 113 % of Atlantic and average specific gravities ranged from ?0.002 to ?0.006 less than Atlantic depending on location. Chip color processed directly from the field in southern locations or from storage in the northern locations is equivalent to Atlantic. Elkton is resistant to internal heat necrosis and hollow heart. Color and texture ratings of Elkton following baking, boiling and microwaving have been similar to Atlantic. Elkton is moderately resistant to early blight and Verticillium wilt; moderately susceptible to foliar late blight and susceptible to tuber late blight; moderately susceptible to powdery scab; and, susceptible to potato virus Y and potato virus S. Its reaction to common scab has been inconsistent. Plant Variety Protection has been requested for Elkton.     

马铃薯脱毒种薯质量追溯体系建设的探析

马铃薯脱毒种薯生产是解决马铃薯因病毒感染引起品种退化的最有效途径。马铃薯品种资源丰富,种薯质量要求高,生产环节多,级别多元化,但目前在国内尚无专一机构作种薯质量认定,种薯生产一旦出现问题将无从可追。本文借鉴农产品质量追溯系统的做法,以本单位种薯生产为依托,从标准体系、质量认证、编码规则、数据采集与档案管理等方面,探讨马铃薯质量追溯系统的建设。     

Mainechip: A new chipping potato variety for cool storage processing

TheMaineChip potato variety is medium-maturing and has round, whiteskinned, white-fleshed tubers with shallow eyes, high specific gravity and moderate yields. Its major use is expected to be as a storage chipping variety since sugar build-up in storage is slow, and reconditioning is possible. This variety can be chipped directly from 7 C storage.MaineChip does not show the net necrosis caused by potato leafroll virus and is moderately tolerant to verticillium wilt (Verticillium alboatrum) and rhizoctonia (Rhizoctonia solani). It is also moderately resistant to blackspot and shatter bruise. Hollow heart is its major internal quality defect, being a problem in ten of the twenty-nine regional tests conducted over five years.     

Transmission of Rice Black-Streaked Dwarf Virus from Frozen Infected Leaves to Healthy Rice Plants by Small Brown Planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus)

In order to preserve virus for identifying the resistance of rice varieties against rice black-streaked dwarf disease, a simple and reliable method was developed, through which virus-free small brown planthopper (SBPH) acquired rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) from frozen infected leaves and the virus was transmitted to healthy rice plants. The experimental results showed that SBPH could obtain RBSDV from frozen infected rice leaves and the virus could be transmitted to a susceptible rice variety. For the ability to acquire RBSDV and transmit the virus to healthy plants by SBPH, there was no significant difference between frozen infected leaves and in vitro infected leaves. The novel method could be applied to identification of rice variety resistance to rice black-streaked dwarf disease, facilitating the breeding process for rice black-streaked dwarf disease resistance.     

Portage: A new early-maturing,round white table potato variety

The Portage potato variety is high-yielding and early-maturing with attractive, round to oblong, white-skinned, white-fleshed tubers with medium-shallow eyes. Its major use is expected to be as an early tablestock variety in areas where Superior suffers yield reductions caused by verticillium wilt. Portage tubers do not show the net necrosis caused by potato leafroll virus, and are susceptible to skinning, but are fairly resistant to hollow heart, blackspot and shatter bruise. Portage is moderately resistant toVerticillium alboatrum, andRhizoctonia solani, but its seed-pieces are sensitive to dry soil conditions; therefore, cut seed should be suberized before planting. Symptoms of leafroll virus infection are difficult to recognize.     

灰飞虱从冷冻病叶获得水稻黑条矮缩病毒方法的研究初报

  研究出一种利用灰飞虱从冷冻病叶中获得水稻黑条矮缩病毒（rice black streaked dwarf virus, RBSDV）的方法。以-70℃条件下冷冻保存的RBSDV罹病植株叶片对灰飞虱饲毒,随后接种感病水稻品种,结果发现灰飞虱可从冷冻病叶上获得RBSDV,并传播RBSDV,且获毒能力和传毒能力与新鲜病叶没有差异。这表明从冷冻病叶上获得RBSDV的灰飞虱可以应用于品种抗性鉴定,此法可望加快RBSDV抗病品种的选育进程。     

Reeves kingpin: A high-yielding mid-season potato variety suitable for fry processing

Reeves Kingpin is a mid-season processing potato variety developed and selected at the University of Maine’s Aroostook Research Farm in Presque Isle, Maine. Its main attribute is its high-yielding potential, giving an average yield of 47 mt/ha. Reeves Kingpin is suitable for processing into french fries due to its large tubers, high specific gravity, and acceptable fry color. The average specific gravity of Reeves Kingpin is 1.085 which is comparable or better than ‘Russet Burbank’ and ‘Shepody’. Reeves Kingpin has received good baking scores, which may qualify it for fresh market; however, its tuber appearance generally does not meet fresh market standard. The tubers have netted to lightly russeted skin and are long and blocky in shape. The tubers rarely exhibit the pointed and knobby characteristics of Russet Burbank. The incidence of misshapen tubers, sunburn, and growth cracks can be high under some conditions; however, hollow heart, internal heat necrosis, and vascular discoloration are not usually a problem. Tubers of Reeves Kingpin are relatively tolerant to shatter and black spot bruise. The plants of Reeves Kingpin are relatively taller, with greener leaves, more flowers, and moderate to heavy fruit set compared to Russet Burbank. The late-season vigor of Reeves Kingpin is an advantage compared to Shepody, but its haulms can be hard to kill prior to harvest, particularly if over-fertilized. Reeves Kingpin is resistant to tuber net necrosis and moderately resistant to verticillium wilt and early blight. However, it is susceptible to golden cyst nematode, late blight, bacterial ring rot, and corky ring spot virus and moderately susceptible to common scab.     

Steuben: a golden nematode resistant variety with wide adaptation

Steuben is a golden nematode resistant variety with wide adaptation and high yield potential. It has a mid to late season vine maturity but starts to size its crop of tubers as early as Superior. It has potential for tablestock as well as for chipping from the field and from 10°C storage. It is resistant to pitted scab but susceptible to superficial scab which can be severe enough to reduce its value for tablestock under some conditions. The maturity of the crop entering storage appears to be an important determinant for chip color out of storage.     

Monticello: A mid-season variety with good tuber appearance and chipping potential from mid-to long-term storage

Monticello (NY102), a new medium-maturing, roundwhite chipping variety was released in 2003 by the University of Maine and Cornell University. It is primarily intended for use in the chipping industry, especially from mid-to long-term storage. Its ability to chip from relatively long-term storage, low storage weight loss, and relatively long tuber dormancy should be particularly valuable. Tubers have shown a good ability to recondition and regain good chip color after periods of stress in storage. Monticello’s specific gravity typically averages only a few points lower than Atlantic, a variety that is widely used for out-of-field chipping in the eastern U.S. Chip color of Monticello has been very good from short-, mid-, and long-term storage. It has been grown successfully in commercial-scale tests in Maine since 1999 with combined seed and chipping production of more than 37 and 60 ha during 2001 and 2002, respectively. Research and commercial-scale trials in Maine have generally produced favorable yield and quality results relative to other storage chippers like Snowden. The tubers are bright and attractive with relatively few external defects. Tuber size tends to be fairly small and is ideal for chipping. Sensory panel tests have also shown that Monticello is good for boiling and baking. Although ideally suited for chipping, the fresh market may serve as a secondary market for this variety because of its typically good external appearance and cooking quality scores. Monticello has moderate to good common scab resistance and is resistant to golden nematode. It is moderately susceptible to blackspot bruise, powdery scab, and typical foliar diseases of potato. Although tubers can develop hollow heart and internal heat necrosis, Monticello is typically much less susceptible than Atlantic.     

花叶芋Cal.11和Cal.22杂交F_1代性状分离研究

本研究以阔心形叶品种C11为母本,披针形叶品种C22为父本进行杂交,对其F1代群体的性状分离进行研究。结果表明:在观赏性状方面,根据叶形,F1代群体分为阔心形和披针形2个组群,分离比率为1∶1。根据叶色,分为4个组群,分离比率为3∶2∶2∶1。第1组群,整个叶片粉色至红色,与父本相似,但叶色更加鲜艳;第2组群叶片中间粉色至白色斑点,与母本相似;第3组群,叶片中间红色,外围绿色;第4组群,整个叶片绿色,主脉红色。母本的主脉色为红色,父本为白色,获得的杂交后代主脉色为红色和绿色,分离比率为3∶1,绿色主脉与斑点色紧密连锁。母本的叶柄色为褐色,父本为粉色,杂交后代的叶柄均为红色。在数量性状方面,F1代的芽数、叶片数、块茎数和块茎直径表现为中亲优势,其中芽数和叶片数表现为高亲优势。因此,采用Cal.11和Cal.22作为亲本,产生的杂交后代变异丰富,可从中筛选出叶色更鲜艳、块茎产量更高、叶片数和芽数更多的优选单株。     

Somerset: A new chipping potato variety

The Somerset potato variety is a medium-maturing variety with attractive, round to oblong, white-skinned, white-fleshed tubers with shallow eyes. Its major use is expected to be as a chipping variety in areas where potatoes are stored for some length of time, since its sugar content is lower than most varieties during storage, and it can be chipped after six months in storage. Somerset does not show the net necrosis caused by potato leafroll virus, and is immune to race 0 of Phytophthora infestans (late blight). Somerset is also moderately resistant to infection by Alternaria solani (early blight), and is only moderately susceptible to Verticillium wilt. Somerset is more susceptible to both common and acid scab than Superior, but less susceptible than Kennebec and Katahdin. It also has shown susceptibility to skinning and shatter bruise, but does not have a strong blackspot bruise reaction.     

Jewel—A new potato variety with high solids and excellent chipping qualities

Jewel is a new potato variety with a good yield of No. 1 tubers and high specific gravity. It chips extremely well to produce light color chips with high chip yields per hundredweight. It has a heavy tuber set per hill but a tendency to produce small tubers. Tests in New York and Wisconsin indicate this variety consistently produces high specific gravity and should not be considered as an all-purpose potato. The variety has the ability to recondition in a short time following 40 F storage. It has no known disease resistance.     

Resistance of the rice variety Utri Rajapan to ragged stunt and tungro viruses

Utri Rajapan, a rice variety tolerant to the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, was resistant to rice ragged stunt virus transmitted by N. lugens and to rice tungro virus transmitted by the green leafhopper, Nephottetix virescens. Although some Utri Rajapan plants became infected with tungro virus, symptoms were mild and disappeared as the plant matured. Of the two tungro-associated viruses, only rice tungro bacilliform virus was present in Utri Rajapan. The infected plants thus did not serve as a source of inoculum for transmission to healthy plants, as rice tungro spherical virus must also be present for transmission to occur.