泡桐丛枝病发生与叶片蛋白质和氨基酸变化关系的研究

本文分别对楸叶泡桐、兰考泡桐、鄂川泡桐和台湾泡桐的同品种，同方位和同高度的同一病株病叶、病健叶和健康株叶片的蛋白质进行了ＳＤＳ聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳及其水解产物进行了分析研究。结果表明，４种感病泡桐植株的叶片内都出现了一条健康植株叶片内没有的、分子量为１２ＫＤ的蛋白质谱带，并且同一病株病叶内该蛋白量较病健叶的量多。此外，楸叶泡桐和台湾泡桐病株病叶、病健叶和健株叶片蛋同的氨基酸组成也存在着明显差异，随叶     

泡桐丛枝病发生相关蛋白质的电泳分析

对毛泡桐和白花泡桐同龄同方位的病株健叶，病株病叶和健株健叶蛋白质进行了单向和双向SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析研究。单向电泳结果表明，毛泡桐和白花泡桐病株健叶，病株病叶和健株健叶的蛋白质在种类和数量上存在一定的差异。其明显的蛋白质凝胶扫描谱带分别有22、20和17以及27、21和22条；双向电泳结果表明，毛泡桐与白花泡桐在健株健叶，病株健叶和病株病叶蛋白质变化方面具有一定相似性，即在两种泡桐健株健叶和病株健叶中存在的一种pI6.8,MW24KD蛋白多肽在病株病叶中观察不到。我们认为这种情形可能与发生泡桐丛枝病有一定的关系。     

泡桐金花虫防治指标的研究

人工摘叶模拟试验表明,失叶30％对泡桐的胸径和材积生长量有显著影响。根据泡桐的蓄叶量模拟试验、泡桐金花虫的取食量和发生防治情况,制定了该虫的防治指标。     

水肥控制对楸叶泡桐苗期生长和生物量及其分配的影响

为研究水、肥对楸叶泡桐苗期生长及生物量的影响,优化楸叶泡桐苗期培育方式,以1年生楸叶泡桐组培苗为研究对象,设置4种水肥处理方式:田间持水量≥80%且复合肥100 g/30 d(T1),复合肥100 g/30 d (T2),田间持水量≥80%(T3),对照(不施肥、不灌溉,CK),并对不同处理方式下的楸叶泡桐苗期主要生长性状和不同器官的生物量进行测定。结果表明:4种不同处理下,楸叶泡桐胸径、苗高及各器官的生物量均呈现出T1 T3 T2 CK,且T1处理下各参数均显著高于其他处理(P 0.05),说明适宜的水肥对楸叶泡桐苗期生长具有显著的协同效应;T3处理楸叶泡桐苗期地上、地下、总生物量均大于T2处理,表明与肥料相比,水分对楸叶泡桐生物量积累的影响更大。楸叶泡桐苗期各生长指标与生物量之间呈显著正相关,说明根系提供的水肥是楸叶泡桐苗期生长的关键条件,可为楸叶泡桐苗期水肥管理提供技术指导。     

大袋蛾危害对泡桐生长量的影响

１９９０－１９９２年在安徽省阜阳市和利辛县测定了大袋蛾Ｃｌａｎｉａ ｕａｒｉｅｇａｔａＳｎｅｌｌｅｎ危害兰考泡桐Ｐａｕｌｏｗｎｉａ ｅｌｎｇａｔａ的损叶量和人工模拟危害对泡桐生长量的影响。泡桐的蓄叶量Ｔ（ｃｍ＾２）与胸径Ｄｃｍ）呈直线关系：Ｔ＝４４５０３．３３６Ｄ－２７２６２７．０４３。大袋蛾幼虫对泡桐的平均损叶量为４７０．９３６ｃｍ＾２。摘叶量在５０％及其以下时，泡桐生长量没有受到显著影响，摘叶     

大袋蛾危害对泡桐生长量的影响

１９９０－１９９２年在安徽省阜阳市和利辛县测定了大袋蛾ＣｌａｎｉａｖａｒｉｅｇａｔａＳｎｅｌｌｅｎ危害兰考泡桐Ｐａｕｌｏｗｎｉａｅｌｏｎｇａｔａ的损叶量和人工模拟危害对泡桐生长量的影响。泡桐的蓄叶量Ｔ（ｃｍ２）与胸径Ｄ（ｃｍ）呈直线关系：Ｔ＝４４５０３．３３６Ｄ－２７２６２７．０４３。大袋蛾幼虫对泡桐的平均损叶量为４７０．９３６ｃｍ２。摘叶量在５０％及其以下时，泡桐生长量没有受到显著影响，摘叶量达到或超过７５％时，生长量即显著下降。泡桐受害允许水平确定为失叶５０％。     

泡桐带叶栽植

在我县过去栽植泡桐一直局限于冬、春两季,甚至认为秋季不落叶栽不活。为了迅速发展泡桐生产,扩大栽植时期,加速泡桐生长,王桥公社林场,于1970年10月下旬和1971年10月上中旬,连续两年进行了泡桐带叶栽植试验,发现带叶栽植的泡桐,不仅成活率高,而且生长快。公社党委总结推广了这一经验,于1972年10月份在赵岗、胡集、陈店等7个大队进行了大面积泡桐带叶栽植。在近三年内共栽植了35万株,成活率达95—98.7％,第二年新抽侧枝最长达178厘米,100厘米以上的占65％,最短的在70厘米以上,而在相同立地条件下落     

泡桐中华叶的生物学习性和防治试验

近年来,我地区栽培的泡桐不同程度地受到了中华叶的点害。中华叶Bczsiprionots chinensis F.属鞘翅目Coleop tera叶科Cnrysomelidae。成虫、幼虫均取食泡桐的叶肉,仅留下叶脉,呈鱼网状,严重影响了泡桐的生长。为了经济有效地予以防治,我们在靖县排牙山林场对中华叶进行了生物学特性观察和防治试验。     

毛竹与泡桐混交造林的探讨

实践反复证明:浅鞭根性、横向穿透地表层、常绿速生的毛竹与泡桐混交造林实为适宜。因为泡桐根系在60～220厘米土层中,而毛竹的鞭根系多在10～40厘米的土层中,两者根系吸收水分养料区域能自然错开位置。毛竹与泡桐混交造林后,泡桐能吸收毛竹无法吸收的深层养料和水分;泡桐叶大而多,冠幅高厚而蒸腾量大,从而将大量水分散发林内空中,增加空气湿度和稳定气温,为毛竹生长提供了所需的水分。据测定:泡桐叶肥效高于豆科树木,含全氮3.4×10(-2)、全钾0.4×10(-2)、全磷0.19×10(-2);其大量叶返回地面化为大量有机质肥,大大促进了毛竹的速生丰产。而毛竹鞭根横向地下穿透力强,疏松了表土层,加速了微生物活动,促进分解有机质;且竹、桐的叶落下后又能保土保湿,不但防止了地表冲刷,又可提高土壤肥力,且也促进了泡桐在地上空间和地下空间的深广度生长;达到两者互相促进,单位面积生物量的大大增长;生态和经济效益及毛竹造林成活率大大超过纯林;而且竹鞭很盘结,泡桐冠幅浓厚,抗风强。经过试验鉴定证明:泡桐可引诱红     

泡桐叶甲防治指标研究

通过研究得到了豫东平原地区泡桐蓄叶量与胸径之间的回归关系式：Ｙ＝５６９．９３２３Ｄ＾２．２９４５。根据泡桐叶甲的发生发展规律，生活习性和泡桐蓄叶量与胸径的相关关系，得出越冬出蛰成虫的防治指标理论计算公式为Ｅ＝０．１４７８Ｄ＾２．２９４５，并据此确定了生产中的实际应用防治指标，对生产实践具有指意义。     

Comparison of stomatal characteristics and photosynthesis of polymorphic Populus euphratica leaves

The leaf shapes of adult Populus euphratica vary from lanceolate to dentate broad-ovate. In order to find the mechanism regarding the ecological adaptation of the polymorphic leaves, the dentate broad-ovate, broad-ovate, and lanceolate leaves were chosen to study their stomatal and photosynthetic characteristics. It is observed that the stomas on the adaxial and abaxial epidermis of the same leaves open non-uniformly with similar densities. The stomatal densities are different among the three typical leaves, which decrease from broad-ovate to lanceolate leaves. Their stomatal sunken degree varied obviously, decreasing from broad-ovate to lanceolate leaves. The changes of the diurnal photosynthetic rate of the three typical leaves follow a single peak curve. The mean diurnal photosynthetic rates of these leaves rank from high to low as broad-ovate > dentate broad-ovate > lanceolate leaves. The light compensation points are similar in the three typical leaves, while the light saturation points vary obviously. The efficiency of solar energy conversion and potential activity of the PSII in the leaves differ significantly, with the dentate broad-ovate leaves the highest. The results suggest that their leaf shapes, anatomic structures, and photosynthetic characteristics change during the leaf development. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2006, 42(8): 20–24 [译自: 林业科学]     

杉木第2代种子园不同地形土壤及植株养分比较

以杉木第2代种子园为研究对象,分析不同地形对种子园土壤及植株养分含量的影响.结果表明,随着坡位上升,杉木第2代种子园土壤及植株养分含量均呈逐渐下降趋势;同一坡位、同一土层深度,不同坡向杉木第2代种子园土壤及植株有效养分含量差异较大,总体而言,西坡有利于土壤有机质、有效磷及植株全氮、全镁及全铜的积累,东坡则有利于土壤速效钾及植株全钾、全钙及全锌的积累.     

卧龙巴郎山川滇高山栎叶片营养元素的海拔梯度变化特征

本文通过对卧龙自然保护区不同海拔分布梯度上的川滇高山栎不同年龄叶片营养元素含量的研究表明:(1)当年生叶营养元素含量大小排序为NKCaPMg,分别为1.45%、0.75%、0.49%、0.17%和0.13%;N、P含量随海拔呈现先下降后升高的趋势,即在海拔2 400 m和2 800 m较低;K含量随海拔升高而升高;Ca、Mg含量随海拔升高而降低。(2)老叶营养元素含量大小排序为NCaKPMg,分别为1.08%、0.79%、0.40%、0.16%和0.11%;N含量随海拔升高而升高;P、K、Ca、Mg含量呈现先升高后下降的趋势,即在海拔2 400 m和2 800 m较高。(3)N、K、Mg含量呈现当年生叶比老叶高的趋势;P含量除2 600 m以外,老叶的含量比1年生叶低;Ca含量在海拔2 400 m以上出现老叶比1年生叶高,海拔2 000 m为1年生叶比老叶高;(4)N/P比值,当年生叶范围在7.83～9.50,随着海拔的升高而降低;老叶范围在5.25～9.00,具有随着海拔的升高先下降后升高的趋趋势。C/N比值,当年生叶范围在31.91～40.18,老叶范围在44.34～56.04,总趋势为随着海拔的升高而降低。P/K比值,当年生叶范围在0.20～0.28,老叶范围在0.31～0.48;当年生叶随着海拔升高呈现先降低后升高的趋势;老叶随着海拔升高呈现先升高后降低的趋势。K/Ca比值,当年生叶范围在0.83～3.91,老叶范围在0.39～0.65;当年生叶随着海拔的升高而增大,老叶随着海拔升高呈现先升高后降低的趋势。K/Mg比值,当年生叶范围在3.56～10.75,老叶范围在2.50～6.00,总趋势为随着海拔的升高而增大。     

Differences in leaf functional traits between red and green leaves of two evergreen shrubs Photinia × fraseri and Osmanthus fragrans

Leaf functional traits are adaptations that enable plants to live under different environmental conditions. This study aims to evaluate the differences in leaf functional traits between red and green leaves of two evergreen shrubs Photinia 9 fraseri and Osmanthus fragrans. Specific areas of red leaves are higher than that of green leaves in both species. Thus, the material investment per unit area and per lamina of red leaves is significantly lower than that of green leaves, implying an utmost effort of red leaves to increase light capture and use efficiency because of their low leafchlorophyll concentration. The higher petiole length of green leaves compared with that of red leaves indicates that adult green leaves may have large fractional biomass allocation to support the lamina structures in capturing light with maximum efficiency and obtaining a high growth rate. The high range of the phenotypic plasticity of leaf size, leaf thickness,single-leaf wet and dry weights, and leaf moisture of green leaves may be beneficial in achieving efficient control of water loss and nutrient deprivation. The high range of phenotypic plasticity of leaf chlorophyll concentration of red leaves may be advantageous in increasing resource(especially light) capture and use efficiency because this leaf type is juvenile in the growth stage and has low leaf-chlorophyll concentration.     

Relationship between Witches' Broom Protein and Dynamic of Some Amino Acids in Paulownia Tree Leaves

IntroductionWitches'broomisaseriousdiseasetothegrowthanditslifeofPaulowniatreesandisoneofproblemsneededtobesolvedurgentlyinforestry.Tenyearsago,physiologicalandbiochemicalchangesduringtheoc-currenceofwitches'broomwerefoundout(Jiang,l992;Ren,l987).Recentye…     

Hyperhydricity in apple: ultrastructural and physiological aspects

We studied the effects of hyperhydricity on subcellular ultrastructure and physiology of leaves during in vitro regeneration of apple plants. Morphological, anatomical and ultrastructural differences between healthy leaf tissues obtained from greenhouse-grown plants and healthy and hyperhydric leaves obtained from shoots raised from nodal shoot explants in a bioreactor were investigated by electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Compared with healthy leaves, hyperhydric leaves showed abnormal, often discontinuous development of the epidermis and cuticle. Stomata were malformed. The leaf lamina appeared thickened and was characterized by poor differentiation between the palisade and spongy mesophyll tissue. Hyperhydric leaves had a significantly lower chloroplast number per cell and chloroplasts showed reduced thylakoid stacking compared with healthy leaves. Hyperhydricity resulted in a general decrease in concentrations of reduced and oxidized pyridine nucleotides, reflecting a reduction in metabolic activity. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase were higher in hyperhydric leaves than in healthy leaves, indicating that hyperhydricity was associated with oxidative stress. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements provided evidence of oxidative damage to the photosynthetic machinery in hyperhydric leaves: photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, effective quantum efficiency and photochemical quenching were all lower in hyperhydric leaves compared with healthy leaves.     

针叶小爪螨-寄主植物-芬兰钝绥螨相互关系的研究Ⅰ.针叶小爪螨对寄主植物和芬兰钝绥螨对猎物的嗅觉反应

用Y形嗅觉仪测定了针叶小爪螨对其寄主植物 ,芬兰钝绥螨对针叶小爪螨的选择行为。结果表明 :针叶小爪螨对未受害的麻栎叶、栓皮栎叶和板栗叶都表现出较强的趋性 ,对槲树叶虽然也有趋性 ,但趋向程度不如前三者强 ,而松针和云杉对其有较强的忌避作用 ;用同一寄主植物的未受害叶片和除螨受害叶片测定时 ,则明显趋向于未受害叶片 ;而用同一寄主植物的除螨受害叶片和带螨受害叶片测定时 ,则喜欢选择带螨受害叶片。寄主植物受害与否以及有无叶螨存在 ,显著影响芬兰钝绥螨的趋性。芬兰钝绥螨对未受叶螨危害和受叶螨危害的寄主植物叶片均有趋性 ,但对后者的趋性反应更为强烈 ,对有叶螨的危害叶片和无叶螨的危害叶片的趋性反应之间也存在显著差异     

油茶林地土壤铝的含量和化学形态分析

为探讨油茶林地土壤铝的化学形态、土壤铝含量与油茶叶片铝含量的相关性,测定了湖南省14个油茶林地土壤和油茶叶片的铝含量以及土壤铝的化学形态。结果表明:油茶林地根际土壤和0~20 cm土层总铝含量差异不显著,但土壤中不同形态铝含量有明显的差异,含量由高到低依次为有机态络合铝、酸溶无机铝、腐殖酸铝、可交换铝、单聚体羟基铝,有机态络合铝、酸溶无机铝和腐殖酸铝是油茶林土壤中含量较高的活性铝,三者占可提取活性铝总量的75%以上。湖南地区油茶老叶铝含量为8.277~15.890 g/kg,嫩叶铝含量为4.097~7.451 g/kg,老叶铝含量显著高于嫩叶。油茶嫩叶中的铝含量与土壤中的可交换铝和有机态络合铝含量呈极显著正相关,而油茶老叶中的铝含量只与土壤的有机态络合铝含量呈极显著正相关。     

柿叶提取黄酮类化合物方法及鉴定

以柿叶为原料,研究了提取黄酮类化合物的不同方法,并对提取物进行分离研究.通过比较不同方法的提取结果,说明用乙醇作为提取荆所提取出的芦丁含量最高;用微乳液展开剂对提取物进行薄层色谱法分离鉴定,得出柿叶中含有黄酮化合物中的黄酮醇类,为进一步研究柿叶中黄酮类化合物提供借鉴.     

紫露草嫩枝扦插繁殖试验

分别以浓度1000 mg·L-1快速生根粉、ABT1号、GGR以不同时间对留取2片、3片、4片叶的紫露草穗条进行生根处理,结果表明4片叶、10 cm的穗条以快速生根粉处理20 min生根率最高,达到87.2%,可以在育苗生产中推广。