矮嵩草抗氧化物质含量的季节变化及与太阳辐射的关系

对移植西宁地区矮嵩草几种抗氧化物质含量的季节变化测定发现 ,矮嵩草叶片内紫外线吸收色素、抗坏血酸含量以及超氧化物歧化酶的活性在 5到 8月间呈“拱型”变化 ,6、 7月份最高。超氧阴离子自由基的相对含量呈现略微下降趋势。抗氧化物质含量和活性的变化动态与太阳辐射强度呈现一定的正相关关系     

海北高寒草甸矮嵩草色素及抗氧化物质动态分析

对海北高寒草甸优势种矮嵩草色素以及多种抗氧化物质的含量分析研究,结果表明,矮嵩草（Kobresiahumilis）对其生存的环境有极其强的适应能力,对矮嵩草草甸的生产力的维持具有积极作用。矮嵩草的叶绿素a、b和总叶绿素含量6,7月份达到最大;Chlb／（a＋b）有微弱的下降趋势,Car／Chl（a＋b）有明显的下降趋势;O2-含量的变化呈现下降趋势,与抗坏血酸含量的变化是负相关;叶黄素循环组分玉米黄质于505nm波长处最大吸收峰在6月和7月达到最大,与叶绿素及光强的变化趋势相吻合;SOD的含量却呈现非规律变化。     

绿色植物生长调节剂(GGR)对高寒草甸矮嵩草抗氧化生理指标的影响

以青藏高原高寒草甸自然生长条件下的矮嵩草(Kobresia humilis(C.A.Mey ex Trauvt)Serg.)为对象,研究绿色植物生长调节剂(GGR)对其生理过程的影响。结果表明:抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性在6月份和8月份显著高于对照样地的活性(P<0.05),在7月差异不显著;抗氧化剂谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量差异不显著;处理样地可溶糖性含量随时间呈倒"S"形变化,而对照样地的含量呈"V"字形变化,处理样地显著高于对照样地(P<0.05);在7月和8月可溶蛋白含量显著高于对照(P<0.05);施用GGR提高了矮嵩草叶片的叶绿素a、b和总叶绿素含量;在生长初期和后期,显著降低了矮嵩草叶片超氧阴离子自由基(O₂^-)的产生速率。施用GGR提高了矮嵩草叶的抗氧化能力和渗透调节能力,促进植物的生长。     

高寒草甸矮嵩草对氮肥的生理响应

通过叶面喷施尿素处理,研究了自然生长状态下矮嵩草生长季节生理特性的变化动态,以深入了解高寒植物对氮肥的生理响应。结果表明,施肥处理显著提高了生长初期和生长后期矮嵩草叶内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性(P＜0.05);谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量变化没有表现出明显的规律性;处理和对照样地可溶性糖含量都呈“U”字形变化,在6和9月含量高,多数时间处理样地叶内可溶性糖含量显著高于对照;可溶性蛋白的含量在7和8月显著高于对照样地,在6和9月显著低于对照样地;处理样地叶绿素a、b和总叶绿素含量高于对照样地(除8月外);超氧阴离子(O₂^·-)产生速率除7月外,其他月份都低于对照样地。处理总体上提高了矮嵩草叶抗氧化能力和渗透调节能力,促进了矮嵩草的生长。     

黄河上游高寒草甸矮嵩草生理特征对流域不同生境的响应

以黄河上游青海河南县南旗村黄河二级支流小流域高寒草甸中的优势种矮嵩草为研究对象,研究其生理特征对小流域生境(山顶、坡地、滩地、1级阶地、2级阶地地形因子下的相应生境)变化的响应,同时探讨其与土壤温湿度理化性质因子间的关系。结果表明:1)生境特征,流域不同生境土壤理化性质中的湿度、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、速效磷、有机质含量在1级阶地、2级阶地、滩地、山顶中较高,在坡地的含量较低,滩地中的pH最低,全钾、速效钾含量最高。由于流域生境的差异,总生物量在1级阶地、2级阶地、滩地中较高,山顶、坡地较低。矮嵩草植物除在1级阶地的河漫滩湿地无分布外,其他生境均有分布,且在滩地为优势种,其盖度、重要值、生物量及生物量比重均最高,坡地次之。2)生理特征,山顶、坡地、1级阶地矮嵩草体内丙二醛含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量、类胡萝卜素含量、过氧化氢酶活性增加,叶绿素a、b含量减小,而在滩地中以上指标呈现相反趋势。3)生境和生理特性相关分析,矮嵩草生理特性变化与立地生境的土壤湿度、pH、全钾含量相关性较高。综合分析,矮嵩草植物生态幅较广,喜适于pH较低、水热养分条件适宜的滩地高寒草甸植被生境;在胁迫生境下,通过增加体内抗逆物质活性和竞争来适应立地生境。     

不同环境条件下几种高寒草甸植物的非克隆繁殖投入和生长

通过对高寒草甸生态系统金露梅灌丛、矮嵩草草甸、围栏矮嵩草草甸以及模拟地球增温效应下5种植物繁殖投入和生长特性的测定,结果表明,矮嵩草、麻花艽、苔草以及美丽风毛菊的叶长沿对照矮嵩草草甸、OTC、围栏以及金露梅灌丛呈现上升趋势,只是灌丛中苔草和麻花艽两种植物的叶长较围栏和OTC有所下降,而环境变化对植物的叶宽的影响较小.苔草在金露梅灌丛中的繁殖投入最大,其次是矮嵩草草甸和围栏,OTC中苔草的繁殖投入几乎为零.围栏与矮嵩草草甸内苔草的繁殖投入差异不显著,而两者中植物的繁殖投入与金露梅灌丛相比,差异性显著(P＜0.05).矮火绒草在矮嵩草草甸中的繁殖投入最大,其次是OTC和围栏,灌丛中矮火绒草的繁殖投入最小.OTC与矮嵩草草甸内矮火绒草的繁殖投入差异不显著,而OTC与围栏中矮火绒草的繁殖投入差异性显著(P＜0.05).由此我们可以得出一个结论繁殖投入随环境梯度的变化,反映了植物繁殖对策和繁殖投入在整个生活史特征中的可塑性.     

不同生境下矮嵩草生理特性的研究

本文以3种不同生境的矮嵩草(Kobresia humilis)为研究对象,将三种不同生境的矮嵩草进行各项生理指标的测定,结果表明:样地1矮嵩草丙二醛、游离脯氨酸含量最高,而相对含水量、电导率最低。样地2矮嵩草样品的叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量最高。样地3矮嵩草样品的可溶性糖含量最高。并经过统计分析比较,发现不同生境矮嵩草中丙二醛的含量没有显著性差异,其他各项生理指标之间有些具有显著性差异。     

长江源区高寒沼泽草甸植物对增温的生理响应及适应性评价

为明确高寒沼泽草甸主要植物对气温升高的生理响应模式及差异,本研究以风火山地区高寒沼泽草甸矮嵩草(Kobresia humili)、藏嵩草(Kobresia tibetica)及青藏苔草(Carex moorcroftii)为研究对象,分析增温处理下(T₁:增温1.5～2.5℃;T₂:增温3～5℃)3种植物生理响应差异,并结合主成分分析与隶属函数,就生理层面对3种植物增温的适应性进行评价。结果表明：受温度影响,3种植物可溶性蛋白、类胡萝卜素、脯氨酸含量变化呈一致性;藏嵩草部分生理指标相较其他2种植物表现出一定程度的滞后性;增温条件下,3种植物增温适应性强弱发生改变,为青藏苔草>矮嵩草>藏嵩草。综上所述,增温对3种植物的光合色素、渗透调节物质、丙二醛含量和抗氧化酶活性等生理特性产生了一系列的影响,同时,从生理响应层面对3种植物增温适应性排序可得,青藏苔草在模拟气温升高的过程中表现出更强的适应能力。     

不同环境条件下几种高寒草甸植物的非克隆繁殖投入和生长

通过对高寒草甸生态系统金露梅灌丛、矮嵩草草甸、围栏矮嵩草草甸以及模拟地球增温效应下5种植物繁殖投入和生长特性的测定,结果表明,矮嵩草、麻花艽、苔草以及美丽风毛菊的叶长沿对照矮嵩草草甸、0TC、围栏以及金露梅灌丛呈现上升趋势,只是灌丛中苔草和麻花艽两种植物的叶长较围栏和OTC有所下降,而环境变化对植物的叶宽的影响较小。苔草在金露梅灌丛中的繁殖投入最大,其次是矮嵩草草甸和围栏,OTC中苔草的繁殖投入几乎为零。围栏与矮嵩草草甸内苔草的繁殖投入差异不显著,而两者中植物的繁殖投入与金露梅灌丛相比,差异性显著(P<0.05)。矮火绒草在矮嵩草草甸中的繁殖投入最大,其次是0Tc和围栏,灌丛中矮火绒草的繁殖投入最小。OTC与矮嵩草草甸内矮火绒草的繁殖投入差异不显著,而OTC与围栏中矮火绒草的繁殖投入差异性显著(P<0.05)。由此我们可以得出一个结论:繁殖投入随环境梯度的变化,反映了植物繁殖对策和繁殖投入在整个生活史特征中的可塑性。     

高寒草甸植物抗氧化系统对长期增强UV-B辐射的响应

通过研究自然条件下模拟平流层臭氧破坏5%时近地表面增加的太阳UV-B辐射对高寒草甸4种典型植物(矮嵩草Kobresia humilis、垂穗披碱草Elymus nutans、麻花艽Gentiana straminea和鹅绒委陵菜Potentilla anserina)的抗氧化系统的影响表明,尽管各植物的抗氧化系统组分变化不同,但4种植物的膜脂过氧化程度没有加剧,长期增强UV-B辐射没有对膜系统造成损伤.在自然长期增强UV-B条件下,4种植物的膜脂过氧化产物--丙二醛(MDA)含量与对照相比无显著差异.垂穗披碱草、鹅绒委陵菜的谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量增加,麻花艽的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性与鹅绒委陵菜的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性上升,同时麻花艽的类胡萝卜素(Car)含量亦显著增加.可见这些植物已能很好地适应UV-B强辐射,其抗氧化能力除了与抗氧化系统各组分的协同作用有关外,也可能与种的适应性有关.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.