番茄不同生育期遮荫对其干物质分布、产量及叶片养分含量的影响

Pot-grown tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Maofen) was used to study the effects of three shading levels (0, 75% and 40%) for 8 days on dry matter partitioning, contents of nitrogen (N),phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in leaves and yield at three growth stages (early flowering (EF), peak flowering (PF) and later flowering (LF)). Shading reduced the dry weight of root and stem tissues at the EF and PF stages, but the 40% shading increased root dry weight and stem dry weight by 43.2% and 21.6%,respectively, at the LF stage. The influence of shading on the dry weight of leaves was very small at most growth stages. Shading had no effects on total leaf N, P and K contents at the EF and PF stages, showing that N, P and K absorption were regulated by the carbon assimilation at these two stages. The leaf N, Pand K contents of 40% shaded plants at the LF stage were significantly increased. There were no obvious differences in leaf N and K contents between 75% and 40% shading treatments, but significant difference in leaf P contents was found between them at the LF stage. Shading significantly enhanced the friit yield of 40% shaded tomato plants at the LF stage, but failed to affect the fruit yield of shaded plants at the EF stage. These showed that tomato could grow well and a better yield could be obtained if some moderate shading (i.e., 40% shading) was applied at the LF stage at s, mmer midday.     

深色有隔内生真菌柱孢顶囊壳对玉米幼苗生长、光合作用及耐铅能力的影响

Dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungi are ubiquitous and cosmopolitan,and occur widely in association with plants in heavy metal stress environment.However,little is known about the effect of inoculation with DSE fungi on the host plant under heavy metal stress.In this study,Gaeumannomyces cylindrosporus,which was isolated from Pb-Zn mine tailings in China and had been proven to have high Pb tolerance,was inoculated onto the roots of maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings to study the effect of DSE on plant growth,photosynthesis,and the translocation and accumulation of Pb in plant under stress of different Pb concentrations.The growth indicators (height,basal diameter,root length,and biomass) of maize were detected.Chlorophyll content,photosynthetic characteristics (net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,and intercellular CO2 concentration),and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in leaves of the inoculated and non-inoculated maize were also determined.Inoculation with G.cylindrosporus significantly increased height,basal diameter,root length,and biomass of maize seedlings under Pb stress.Colonization of G.cylindrosporus improved the efficiency of photosynthesis and altered the translocation and accumulation of Pb in the plants.Although inoculation with G.cylindrosporus increased Pb accumulation in host plants in comparison to non-inoculated plants,the translocation factor of Pb in plant body was significantly decreased.The results indicated that Pb was accumulated mainly in the root system of maize and the phytotoxicity of Pb to the aerial part of the plant was alleviated.The improvement of efficiency of photosynthesis and the decrease of translocation factor of Pb,caused by DSE fungal colonization,were efficient strategies to improve Pb tolerance of host plants.     

聚合果属生物炭引起的咸水灌溉下土壤养分有效性和番茄生长变化

Thermally modified organic materials commonly known as biochar have gained popularity of being used as a soil amendment.Little information, however, is available on the role of biochar in alleviating the negative impacts of saline water on soil productivity and plant growth. This study, therefore, was conducted to investigate the effects of Conocarpus biochar(BC) and organic farm residues(FR) at different application rates of 0.0%(control), 4.0% and 8.0%(weight/weight) on yield and quality of tomatoes grown on a sandy soil under drip irrigation with saline or non-saline water. The availability of P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu to plants was also investigated. The results demonstrated clearly that addition of BC or FR increased the vegetative growth, yield and quality parameters in all irrigation treatments. It was found that salt stress adversely affected soil productivity, as indicated by the lower vegetative growth and yield components of tomato plants. However, this suppressing effect on the vegetative growth and yield tended to decline with application of FR or BC, especially at the high application rate and in the presence of biochar. Under saline irrigation system, for instance, the total tomato yield increased over the control by 14.0%–43.3% with BC and by 3.9%–35.6% with FR. These could be attributed to enhancement effects of FR or BC on soil properties, as indicated by increases in soil organic matter content and nutrient availability. Therefore, biochar may be effectively used as a soil amendment for enhancing the productivity of salt-affected sandy soils under arid conditions.     

玉米的生理指标对土壤水分有效性的响应

Knowledge of plant responses to soil water availability is essential for the development of effcient irrigation strategies.However,notably different results have been obtained in the past on the responses of various physiological indices for different plants to soil water availability.In this study,the responses of various plant processes to soil water availability were compared with data from pot and field plot experiments conducted on maize(Zea mays L.).Consistent results were obtained between pot and field plot experiments for the responses of various relative plant indices to changes in the fraction of available soil water(FASW).A threshold value,where the relative plant indices began to decrease with soil drying,and a lower water limit,where the decline of relative plant indices changed to a very slow rate,were found.Evaporative demand not only influenced the transpiration rate over a daily scale but also determined the difference in transpirational response to soil water availability among the transient,daily and seasonal time scales.At the seasonal scale,cumulative transpiration decreased linearly with soil drying,but the decrease of transpiration from FASW = 1 in response to water deficits did not affect dry weight until FASW = 0.75.On the other hand,the decrease in dry weight was comparable with plant height and leaf area.Therefore,the plant responses to soil water availability were notably different among various plant indices of maize and were influenced by the weather conditions.     

硅对植物体中某些营养物质穿细胞及质外体吸收的影响

The positive effects of silicon（Si） on growth of plants have been well documented;however,the impact of Si on plant nutrient uptake remains unclear.The growth,nutrient content and uptake of wheat（Triticum aestivum L.）,canola（Brassica napus L.） and cotton（Gossypium hirsutum L.） plants were evaluated with or without application of 1.5 mmol L^-1 Si.Application of Si increased dry weights by 8%,30%and 30%and relative growth rate（RGR） by 10%,13%and 17%in the cotton,canola and wheat plants,respectively.The plant relative water content（RWC） was also increased,but the plant transpiration was decreased by Si application.The uptake and content of Ca²⁺ were 19%and 21%lower in the cotton and wheat plants with Si than those without Si,respectively;however,Si application increased both K⁺ and Fe uptake and contents in all plant species.Silicon application reduced B uptake and content only in cotton and increased P and Zn²⁺ contents in all three plant species.The decrease in Ca²⁺ uptake by Si application was sustained even in the presence of metabolic inhibitors 2,4-dinitrophenol and sodium cyanide.Uptake of Ca²⁺ by Si application was enhanced or did not change when plant shoots were saturated with water vapor or their roots were exposed to low temperature.Thus,Si application increased the uptake of transcellularly transported elements like K⁺,P,Zn²⁺ and Fe.In contrast,Ca2+ uptake which occurred via both apoplastic and transcellular pathways was decreased by Si application,possibly through reduction of apoplastic uptake.More efficient nutrient uptake might be another promoting effect of Si on plant growth.     

腐殖酸对磷在红壤中有效性的影响

An investigation was conducted to study the effect of humic substance （HS） on the phosphorus （P） solubility in acidic soil. The soil （2.5 g）, HS （0, 0.5, and 2.5 g）, and P as monocalcium phosphate （0.31 and 1.25 g P kg^-1 soil） were mixed with 50 mL distilled water and two different sequences of adding HS and P were used. The results indicated that the P concentration in water and 0.01 mol L-1 CaCl2 solution increased with increasing amounts of humic substance. The concentrations of Fe and Al were also increased. However, Olsen P decreased with increasing amount of humic substance. Water-soluble P concentrations from P rates at 0.31 and 1.25 g P kg^-1 soil in the treatment with 0.5 g （2.5 g） humic substance addition were 360% and 70% （500% and 90%） higher, respectively, than those in the treatment with no humic substance addition. P extracted by 0.01 mol L^-1 CaCl2 in the treatments with 0.5 and 2.5 g humic substance addition was increased by 400% and 540%, respectively, compared with that in the treatment without humic substance at the rate of 0.31 g P kg^-1 soil, while the corresponding P concentrations were increased by 80% and 90% at the rate of 1.25 g P kg^-1 soil. The order of mixing humic substance and phosphate did not significantly affect desorbed P and labile P extracted with CaCl2.     

基于生长模拟模型的冬小麦生理过程水份胁迫影响因子效应的定量研究

A deep understanding of crop-water eco-physiological relations is the basis for quantifying plant physiological responses to soil water stress. Pot experiments were conducted to investigate the winter wheat crop-water relations under both drought and waterlogging conditions in two sequential growing seasons from 2000 to 2002, and then the data were used to develop and validate models simulating the responses of winter wheat growth to drought and waterlogging stress. Thee xperiment consisted of four treatments, waterlogging (keep 1 to 2 cm water layer depth above soil surface), control (70%-80% field capacity), light drought (40%-50% field capacity) and severe drought (30%-40% field capacity) with six replicates at five stages in the 2000-2001 growth season. Three soil water content treatments (waterlogging, control and drought) with two replicates were designed in the 2001-2002 growth season. Waterlogging and control treatments are the same as in the 2000-2001 growth season. For the drought treatment, no water was supplied and the soil moisture decreased from field capacity to wilting point. Leaf net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, predawn leaf water potential, soil water potential, soil water content and dry matter weight of individual organs were measured. Based on crop-water eco-physiological relations, drought and waterlogging stress factors for winter wheat growth simulation model were put forward. Drought stress factors integrated soil water availability, the sensitivity of different development stages and the difference between physiological processes (such as photosynthesis, transpiration and partitioning). The quantification of waterlogging stress factor considered different crop species, soil water status, waterlogging days and sensitivity at different growth stages. Data sets from the pot experiments revealed favorable performance reliability for the simulation sub-models with the drought and waterlogging stress factors.     

根土界面的行为及小麦品种对其的影响

Water movement into and out of roots depends on the water potential difference between the bulk soil and the root xylem and the total hydraulic conductance of the pathway,which can be divided into three parts, i.e.soil conductance,soil-root conductance and root conductance .The values and relative importance vary with soil water content .The general rule is that water uptake by roots is mainly limited by radial hydraulic conductance of root in wet soils, the soil-root interface becomes a major limiting factor water uptake in moderately dry soils,and the water uptake is limited by the rapidly decreasing soil hydraulic conductance in seriously dry soils .Meanwhile these limiting factors vary with crop variety,and these variations can be used to evaluate the drought-resistance and water use efficiency of crops.     

Interactive effects of elevated CO2 and nitrogen fertilization levels on photosynthesized carbon allocation in a temperate spring wheat and soil system

Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration impacts the terrestrial carbon(C) cycle by affecting plant photosynthesis, the flow of photosynthetically fixed C belowground, and soil C pool turnover. For managed agroecosystems, how and to what extent the interactions between elevated CO2 and N fertilization levels influence the accumulation of photosynthesized C in crops and the incorporation of photosynthesized C into arable soil are in urgent need of exploration.We conducted an experiment simulating elevated CO2 with spring wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) planted in growth chambers.13C-enriched CO2 with an identical 13C abundance was continuously supplied at ambient and elevated CO2 concentrations(350 and 600 μmol mol-1, respectively) until wheat harvest.Three levels of N fertilizer application(equivalent to 80, 120, and 180 kg N ha-1 soil) were supplied for wheat growth at both CO2 concentrations. During the continuous 62-d 13CO2 labeling period, elevated CO2 and increased N fertilizer application increased photosynthesized C accumulation in wheat by 14%–24% and 11%–20%, respectively, as indicated by increased biomass production, whereas the C/N ratio in the roots increased under elevated CO2 but declined with increasing N fertilizer application levels. Wheat root deposition induced 1%–2.5% renewal of soil C after 62 d of 13CO2 labeling. Compared to ambient CO2, elevated CO2 increased the amount of photosynthesized C incorporated into soil by 20%–44%. However, higher application rates of N fertilizer reduced the net input of root-derived C in soil by approximately 8% under elevated CO2. For the wheat-soil system, elevated CO2 and increased N fertilizer application levels synergistically increased the amount of photosynthesized C. The pivotal role of plants in photosynthesized C accumulation under elevated CO2 was thereby enhanced in the short term by the increased N application. Therefore, robust N management could mediate C cycling and sequestration by influencing the interactions between plants and soil in agroecosystems under elevated CO2.     

亏缺灌溉对中国西北干旱区棉花生长、水分利用特征和产量的影响

Water shortage is a key constraint to sustainable agricultural production in Xinjiang, Northwest China. To enhance the use efficiency of valuable irrigation water resources, a 2-year experiment(2010–2011) was conducted to quantify the response of cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) growth and yield to different degrees of deficit irrigation(DI) regimes; to determine the effects of DI on the characteristics of water use for cotton, seasonal water use, available soil water in the root zone, soil water depletion, evapotranspiration(ET)-based water use efficiency and irrigation-based water use efficiency, and to determine the best DI regime for optimal water-saving and yield output. The plots were irrigated at 100%(100ET), 85%(85ET), 70%(70ET), 55%(55ET) and 45%(45ET) of the regional ET of cotton in northern Xinjiang. The effect of DI irrigation on water use characteristics was evaluated by analyzing available soil water and soil water depletion in the root zone along with water use efficiencies of cotton. The study showed that the growth, water use characteristics and yield of cotton varied with irrigation regime. Seasonal ET and seed cotton yield were linearly correlated with irrigation amount. The second-order polynomial equation best approximated water-yield relationship of cotton in the study area.Cotton yield response factor was 0.65, suggesting limited water conditions were suitable for cotton cultivation. Economic evaluation of DI treatments confirmed that the yield loss was less than 10% under 70 ET and 85 ET, which was acceptable for greater sustainability.The results suggested that proper DI schemes were necessary for sustainable cotton production in the region. While irrigation at 85 ET was safe for high cotton yield, irrigation at 70 ET was a viable alternative under limited irrigation water availability.     

Effect of Shading on Gas Exchange of Cotton Leaves Under Conditions of Different Soil Water Contents1

Effect of different shading levels (no-shading, 80% shading, and 40% shading) on photosynthetic and stomatal responses in cotton leaves were investigated under onditions of different soil water contents in summer midday. All cotton leaves exhibited similar basic responses to shading, including decreased netphotosynthetic rates, a tendency to decrease in transpiration rates, and increased stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration. The leaf conductance of 80% shaded and 40% shaded plants increased by 28% and 16.7% compared with no-shaded plants at high water, respectively, but the net photosynthetic rates of 80% shaded and 40% shaded plants declined by 50% and 14.73%, respectively. Results showed that combined effect of soil moisture and shading on photosynthetic and stomatal responses in cotton leaves was very remarkable.     

遮光处理对温室黄瓜幼龄植株叶片光合参数的影响

以黄瓜品种“津优35号”为试材,在温室内设置遮光20%（T1）、遮光40%（T2）和遮光60%（T3）3个处理,处理时间为5、10、15、20、25d,以自然光强为对照（CK）,测定不同处理下黄瓜幼龄植株叶片光合参数和荧光参数。结果表明：遮光处理下黄瓜叶片的叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量均有不同程度增加,叶绿素a/b的值减小,遮光25d后,T3、T2、T1处理的叶绿素a含量较CK分别高30.6%、16.5%、15.4%;不同遮光处理下黄瓜叶片的光饱和点（LSP）、最大光合速率（Pmax）以及表观量子效率（AQE）随着处理天数的增加而减小,光补偿点（LCP）则随处理天数的增加而升高。处理25d后,T1、T2、T3处理的黄瓜叶片气孔导度分别较CK低47.3%、57.4%、57.9%,蒸腾速率分别比CK低34.7%、34.0%和52.4%;随着处理天数的增加,黄瓜叶片的气孔限制值（Ls）和水分利用效率（WUE）均呈增加趋势;遮光处理黄瓜叶片的光系统II潜在效率（Fv/Fm）随着遮光天数的增加呈下降趋势,而光化学淬灭（qP）减小,同时非光化学淬灭(qN)增大。本研究证实遮光导致黄瓜叶片叶绿素含量增加,光合能力降低。     

黄腐酸对蒜套棉制度下棉花产量品质及土壤性状的影响

为明确黄腐酸在蒜套棉生产中棉花上的应用效果,实现棉花高产优质高效施肥,进行两季大田试验,试验设不施肥(CK)、常规施肥(BF)、常规施肥配施低、中、高量黄腐酸微生物菌剂(FA20、FA30、FA40)、常规施肥配施黄腐酸叶面肥(BFL50)、常规施肥配施低量黄腐酸微生物菌剂及黄腐酸叶面肥(FA20L50)共7个处理,研究不同黄腐酸肥料与常规肥料配施对蒜套棉制度下棉花产量、纤维品质及土壤养分的影响。结果表明:(1)与常规施肥相比,皮棉产量随着黄腐酸微生物菌剂用量的增加而增大,FA30、FA40皮棉产量较BF显著增产12.07%和22.41%,在苗期和盛花期显著提高土壤硝态氮、铵态氮和速效钾含量,FA40还提高了土壤有效磷含量。(2)常规施肥配施黄腐酸叶面肥处理皮棉产量较常规施肥处理平均增产7.19%,在盛花期叶片SPAD提高7.78%,并显著提高了气孔导度和净光合速率,降低胞间CO2浓度。(3)FA20L50较FA20和BFL50皮棉产量提高7.68%~27.51%,同时提高了纤维长度、整齐度指数和断裂比强度,并提高了土壤硝态氮、铵态氮、有效磷和速效钾含量,土壤磷酸酶活性显著高于其他各处理。FA20L50处理的棉花茎和叶中氮、磷和钾总量与FA40差异不显著,但显著高于其他各处理;在铃壳中的养分总量较其他各处理提高8.96%~47.35%,净光合速率显著高于未施用黄腐酸叶面肥的处理。综上所述,常规肥料配施300kg/hm^2黄腐酸微生物菌剂与750mL/hm^2黄腐酸叶面肥处理田间施用效果最佳,能够提高棉花各生育期土壤速效养分供应,有利于养分在生殖器官中的积累,促进棉花叶片的净光合速率,提高棉花产量及品质。     

土壤水分对柿树光合光响应特性的影响

采用CIRAS-2便携式光合仪测定不同土壤水分条件下2年生柿树叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率、气孔导度等光合生理参数的光响应过程,探讨柿树光合光响应特性对土壤水分的响应规律。结果表明：土壤水分对柿树的光合生理参数影响显著,随着土壤水分的降低,净光合速率、表观量子效率先升后降,光补偿点先降后升,光饱和点呈下降趋势;维持柿树高光合作用和高水分利用效率的适宜土壤相对含水量为48.8%～76.7%,适宜的光照强度为800～2 000μmol/（m2·s）;柿树对强光利用能力较强,而对弱光的利用效率较低;在土壤相对含水量为48.8%时,柿树光合作用主要受气孔限制,而土壤相对含水量降低到25.5%时,柿树光合作用转变为非气孔限制,通过对气孔、非气孔因素的判定,可知柿树是一种抗旱性非常强的植物。研究结果可为柿树的节水高产栽培提供理论依据。     

不同土壤水分下侧柏苗木光合特性和水分利用效率的研究

在黄土半干旱区,采用人工控制土壤水分的方法,使用Li-6400便携式光合作用测定系统,对侧柏苗木净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度及其相应的环境因子进行了测定。结果表明:不同土壤水分状况下侧柏苗木光合速率日变化曲线呈“双峰”型,均有不同程度的“午休”现象,且上午的光合速率明显高于下午;气孔导度受水分和光热胁迫的影响,日变化曲线呈凹型;胞间CO2浓度受空气CO2浓度和气孔导度的双重影响,呈现出早晚高,正午低的日变化进程;水分利用效最高值出现在上午较早的时分,且上午的水分利用效率明显高于下午;随着土壤水分的增加,净光合速率和蒸腾速率升高,而水分利用效率降低。根据Farquhar和Sharkey的观点,造成净光合速率下降的原因既有气孔限制又有非气孔限制因素,上午净光合速率下降的主要是由气孔限制因素造成的,午间和下午光合速率的降低则主要归因于叶肉细胞羧化效率的降低。     

黄土半干旱区枣、榆水分利用效率的比较研究

在黄土半干旱区,采用人工控制水分的方法,选择生长良好的枣树和榆树幼树,在晴天利用LI-6400便携式光合作用测定系统对其净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度进行了测定,并应用遮荫法测定不同太阳有效辐射下净光合速率、蒸腾速率,比较其水分利用效率.结果表明:不同土壤水分条件下,枣树和榆树的净光合速率日变化明显不同,枣树变化幅度大于榆树,枣树对水分的利用效率高于榆树.对枣、榆幼树连续时间内日蒸散量的测定结果表明,影响蒸散量的主要因素是土壤含水量,枣树耗水能力高于榆树,但当土壤含水量升高时枣树耗水能力反而降低,相对于枣树而言黄土半干旱区更有利于榆树生长.     

土壤干旱条件下锰肥对夏玉米光合特性的影响

在盆栽条件下进行了土壤干旱时夏玉米施用微量元素锰的试验。通过测定拔节期玉米叶片气孔导度(Cs)、细胞间隙CO2浓度(Ci)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、光合速率(Pn)和水分利用效率(WUR)等指标,探讨了干旱胁迫下外源锰对夏玉米光合特性的影响。结果表明,施用锰肥能降低光合作用的气孔限制和非气孔限制,显著提高夏玉米光合能力。锰肥对夏玉米光合作用的影响在土壤干旱时尤为显著。土壤干旱情况下,锰肥可使玉米叶片Cs增加58.11%,Pn和WUR分别增加42.07%和50.00%,从而减轻了土壤干旱对玉米光合作用的抑制。     

土壤改良剂对灌溉咸水冬小麦光合和蒸腾的影响

在天津滨海地区高水位、黏重土壤利用田间小区试验研究调盐土壤改良对微咸水灌溉的冬小麦光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、叶绿素含量指数等生理指标的影响。结果表明,冬小麦播种前采用适当土壤改良能够提高冬小麦抽穗期、灌浆期的光合速率、叶绿素含量指数,降低气孔导度、蒸腾速率。冬前施用75kg.100m 2改良剂Ⅱ(风化褐煤40%+磷石膏40%+脱硫石膏20%)有利于提高冬小麦灌浆期的光合速率,有降低抽穗期、灌浆期小麦蒸腾速率的效果;小麦冬前施用45 kg.100m 2改良剂I(风化褐煤20%+磷石膏40%+脱硫石膏20%+沸石粉20%)对提高冬小麦抽穗期光合速率有利,同时也提高抽穗期小麦的蒸腾速率;土壤改良对咸水灌溉冬小麦的气孔导度有明显降低效应,冬前施用30 kg.100m 2改良剂Ⅲ(磷石膏40%+脱硫石膏20%+沸石粉40%)冬小麦气孔导度与不采用改良措施相比,抽穗期降低52.28%,灌浆期降低39.51%;冬前施用45kg.100m 2改良剂Ⅱ混合30 kg.100m 2改良剂Ⅲ或75 kg.100m 2改良剂Ⅱ均能够显著提高抽穗、灌浆期冬小麦的叶绿素含量指数;冬前施用45 kg.100m 2改良剂I混合30 kg.100m 2改良剂Ⅲ,即使较高土壤含盐量也能使冬小麦光合速率保持在较高水平,使冬小麦蒸腾速率受土壤含盐量影响较小。     

负水头供水裸燕麦需水特性及其对不同土壤湿度的生理响应

为进一步明确裸燕麦耗水量及其在不同土壤水分状况下的生理反应,论文在盆栽试验条件下,以负水头持续供水系统为供水装置,比较了裸燕麦、玉米、高粱、大麦和小麦旱地禾本科作物的水分耗散;设置40、60和80cm3个负水头控压高度,测定了"高-中-低"3种土壤湿度下裸燕麦孕穗期叶片光响应曲线及叶片保护酶活力。结果显示:裸燕麦蒸腾系数为455.37,显著(P<0.05)高于其他作物,较高叶片蒸腾速率和较低净光合速率是主要生理原因;降低土壤含水量将降低裸燕麦叶片相对叶绿素含量,但适度降低土壤含水量并未显著(P>0.05)降低叶片光合能力,而适度提高气孔受限程度,有利于提高叶片水分利用效率;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)等叶片保护酶活性对不同土壤水分状况响应不一致,中等土壤湿度时SOD活性较高,高土壤湿度时POD活性较高,低土壤湿度时CAT活性响应程度较高。     

遮阴及复光对花果期番茄叶片光合特性的影响

以无限生长型番茄“粉冠”为试材,在花果期于日光温室上加盖遮阳网的方式进行为期3d（T1）、6d（T2）、9d（T3）、12d（T4）和15d（T5）的遮阴处理,遮阴结束立即恢复自然光照,以日光温室内自然光为对照（CK）;分别于遮阴结束时和恢复光照第3、6、9、12、15天观测番茄叶片的光合参数,分析其在遮阴条件下的变化特点及复光后的恢复能力。结果表明：与对照相比,遮阴使番茄叶片的光饱和点降低,光补偿点升高。遮阴15d后番茄叶片净光合速率下降49.0%,胞间CO2浓度增加68.3%。随着遮阴日数增加,叶片气孔导度和蒸腾速率呈现先上升后下降的趋势,遮阴15d后,分别下降32.9%和1.6%。叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量随着遮阴日数的增加分别上升125.2%、182.6%和115.4%,其中叶绿素b含量变化显著（P＜0.05）。番茄叶片荧光参数中,F0随着遮阴日数的增加而增加,遮阴15d后增加30.9%,ΦPSⅡ、qP和ETR随着遮阴日数的增加而降低,遮阴后分别减少32.1%、29.8%和36.7%。而Fv/Fm对遮阴环境的响应不显著。遮阴日数对叶片不同参数的恢复能力有不同影响,12d以上的遮阴使叶片净光合速率和胞间CO2浓度无法恢复,9d以上的遮阴使叶片叶绿素含量无法恢复,叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素的恢复能力高于叶绿素b。遮阴日数小于9d时,番茄叶片的光合参数及叶绿素含量均能恢复至初始状态。