不同猪种ESR基因多态性的PCR-RFLP分析

运用PCR-RFLP方法,检测了杜洛克、约克夏、长白猪、皮特兰、梅山猪、二花脸猪、枫泾猪、荣昌猪、苏太猪等9个国内外猪种的ESR基因PvuⅡ位点多态性.结果表明,在约克夏猪、二花脸猪、枫泾猪和苏太猪中检测到了AA、AB、BB 3种基因型,在杜洛克猪、皮特兰猪中检测到AB、BB 2种基因型,在长白猪、梅山猪、荣昌猪中只检测到了AB基因型.在本研究中不同品种的A、B基因频率差异显著,总体上在国外猪群体中A等位基因为优势等位基因,而地方猪种中B等位基因为优势等位基因.     

5个不同猪种PGC1基因PCR-RFLP多态性研究

通过PCR—RFLP方法,检测外来品种大约克猪和江苏省地方品种梅山猪．二花脸猪．姜曲海猪以及培育品种苏钟猪共144头,结果表明PGC1基因序列经Aul I酶切后存在AA、AT和TT 3种基因型,其中大约克猪中AA基因型占优势,A等位基因频率为0．7,而江苏省地方品种猪中,TT占绝对优势,T等位基因频率平均为0．99,其中梅山猪和二花脸猪均为TT型。PGC1基因的PCR—RFLP基因型分布x2检验结果表明,大约克猪与苏钟猪．梅山猪、二花脸猪、姜曲海猪差异极显著;苏钟猪与梅山猪、二花脸猪、姜曲海猪差异极显著;梅山猪、二花脸猪,姜曲海猪三者之间无显著性差异。     

不同猪种ESR基因多态性的PCR-RFLP分析

运用PCR-RFLP方法,检测了杜洛克、约克夏、长白猪、皮特兰、梅山猪、二花脸猪、枫泾猪、荣昌猪、苏太猪等9个国内外猪种的ESR基因PvuⅡ位点多态性。结果表明,在约克夏猪、二花脸猪、枫泾猪和苏太猪中检测到了AA、AB、BB 3种基因型,在杜洛克猪、皮特兰猪中检测到AB、BB 2种基因型,在长白猪、梅山猪、荣昌猪中只检测到了AB基因型。在本研究中不同品种的A、B基因频率差异显著,总体上在国外猪群体中A等位基因为优势等位基因,而地方猪种中B等位基因为优势等位基因。     

11个猪群体BPI基因第10外显子HpaⅡ遗传变异分析

本研究旨在对猪杀菌性/通透性增加蛋白(BPI)基因的多态性进行系统分析,为今后探讨猪BPI基因与疾病抗性的关系提供理论依据。采用PCR-RFLP方法对野猪和国内外10个猪品种BPI基因第10外显子HpaⅡ遗传变异进行检测及序列分析。结果表明:11个猪品种中共检测到AA、BB和AB 3种基因型,2个等位基因,其中野猪、藏猪、荣昌猪和淮猪群体中AA基因型为优势基因型,A等位基因为优势等位基因;外来商业化猪品种中,杜洛克群体AA基因型频率较高。序列分析表明AA基因型与GenBank中的序列一致,BB基因型存在A27G同义突变位点和T118G错义突变位点。基于BPI基因的等位基因频率构建11个猪群体的系统发生树,第1类群包括野猪、淮猪、藏猪、荣昌猪、杜洛克;第2类包括约克夏、长白猪、枫泾猪、梅山猪、二花脸、苏太猪。本研究结果显示,猪群体间基于BPI基因多态性上存在的差异与体型、生产类型及地理分布等因素没有显著的联系。     

猪PGC1基因多态性与胴体性状的相关性分析

通过PCR-RFLP方法,检测外来品种大约克猪和江苏地方品种梅山猪、二花脸猪、姜曲海猪以及培育品种苏钟猪共144头,结果表明PGC1基因第8外显子序列经AulⅠ酶切后存在AA、AT和TT3种基因型,其中大约克猪中AA基因型占优势,A等位基因频率为0．7,而江苏地方品种猪中,TT占绝对优势。分析PGC1基因型与胴体性状相关性发现,AA基因型猪的左胴重、右胴重和脂肪重均高于TT基因型猪,差异达到显著水平（P〈0．05）。倒数第三、四腰椎间背膘厚AA基因型显著高于TT基因型猪,差异达到极显著水平（P〈0．01）,AT基因型与TT基因型差异达到显著水平（P〈0．05）。     

应用4个繁殖性状候选基因对太湖猪群体遗传结构分析

采用PCR-RFLP技术分析雌激素受体(ESR)基因、促卵泡素β亚基(FSHβ)基因、催乳素受体(PRLR)基因和视黄醇结合蛋白4(RBP4)基因在太湖猪不同类群中的分布情况。结果表明:ESR基因在小梅山猪、二花脸猪、枫泾猪中B基因频率较高,分别为0.629,0.762,0.649;FSHβ基因在小梅山猪、二花脸猪、枫泾猪中AA基因型频率较高,分别为0.875,0.881,0.833;PRLR基因在小梅山猪、二花脸猪、枫泾猪中AA基因型频率分别为0.631,0.571,0.281;RBP4基因在小梅山猪、二花脸猪、枫泾猪猪群中AA基因型频率较高,分别为0.593,1.000,0.900。对不同基因的特性分析表明:ESR、FSHβ、PRLR和RBP4在3个类群中的多态信息含量和杂合度均不高,大多为中低等多态位点。     

TAP1基因外显子3在9个不同猪群体中的遗传多态性分析

本研究利用PCR-RFLP法检测了TAP1基因在4个中国地方猪品种、1个培育猪品种、3个引进猪品种和亚洲野猪等9个群体中的遗传多态性。结果表明:TAP1基因外显子3发现1处SNP位点G729A,并且在所有群体中均检测到3种基因型(AA、AB和BB型),其中引进猪品种B等位基因频率较高,地方猪品种和亚洲野猪的A等位基因频率相对较高。G729A位点上不同基因型的分布在多数群体中均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态,但在苏太猪群体中发生了极显著偏离(P0.01)。群体内变异分析表明,地方猪品种和亚洲野猪的杂合度、有效等位基因数以及Shannon’s信息指数都普遍高于引进猪品种。UPGMA法聚类分析结果表明,9个群体共出现3个分支,3个外来猪品种聚为一类,苏太猪、梅山猪与二花脸猪聚为一类,淮猪、亚洲野猪与荣昌猪聚为一类。     

猪PGC1基因多态性与胴体性状的相关性分析

通过PCR-RFLP方法,检测外来品种大约克猪和江苏地方品种梅山猪、二花脸猪、姜曲海猪以及培育品种苏钟猪共144头,结果表明PGC1基因第8外显子序列经Aul I酶切后存在AA、AT和TT 3种基因型,其中大约克猪中AA基因型占优势,A等位基因频率为0.7, 而江苏地方品种猪中,TT占绝对优势.分析PGC1基因型与胴体性状相关性发现,AA基因型猪的左胴重、右胴重和脂肪重均高于TT基因型猪,差异达到显著水平(P＜0.05).倒数第三、四腰椎间背膘厚AA基因型显著高于TT基因型猪,差异达到极显著水平(P＜0.01),AT基因型与TT基因型差异达到显著水平(P＜0.05).     

19个猪种SLA-DQB基因外显子2多态性分析

本研究旨在系统分析国内外猪种SLA-DQB基因的多态性,以期为进一步研究猪SLA-DQB与疾病抗性的相关性提供理论依据.采用PCR-RFLP方法,野猪、14个中国地方猪种和4个引进猪种SLA-DQB基因第2外显子经限制性内切酶HaeⅢ酶切后,共检测到5个等位基因,9种基因型.其中野猪中仅存在A、B 2种等位基因;家猪群体中出现了野猪群体中所没有的6种基因型和3种等位基因.中国地方猪种与引进猪种相比,RFLP带型较为丰富,五指山猪和淮猪中具有8种基因型,多态性最为丰富.除野猪群体中A等位基因为优势等位基因外,其它所有家猪群体中均以B和C基因为优势等位基因;临高猪中出现其它猪种所没有的D等位基因,表现出独特的特性.本研究结果提示,生态环境和遗传纯度均可能影响SLA-DQB等位基因的多样性,总体上,引进猪种、培育猪种和地方猪种SLA-DQB基因外显子2的基因型分布并不存在明显的差异,但PCR-RFLP带型在具体的品种之间的差别较大.     

藏猪Mx1基因外显子14的遗传变异分析

为了解藏猪抗病性能分子遗传基础,试验采用PCR-RFLP技术测定112头藏猪的Mx1-Hin6 I多态性。结果表明:藏猪群体中Mx1基因外显子14有长度为11 bp片段的缺失,Hin6Ⅰ酶切位点有AA、AB和BB 3种基因型,基因频率分别为73.21%、23.22%和3.57%,A和B等位基因频率分别为84.82%、15.18%,与报道的野猪和五指山猪基因频率分布相近,但与国外猪种和其他国内地方猪种基因频率分布存在一定差异,这可能与藏猪的抗病和抗逆性能有关。     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

国内外蛋氨酸与赖氨酸市场分析与展望

近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2％的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。