叶黄素在反刍动物生产中应用的研究进展

叶黄素(lutein)是含氧类胡萝卜素,广泛存在于自然界中,具有着色功能和强抗氧化作用,近年来在动物饲养研究中,作为添加剂被逐渐关注。反刍动物可以通过采食植物饲料获得,也可以通过采食补充到饲粮中的添加剂获得。叶黄素不仅对反刍动物机体代谢和健康具有积极作用,还可以显著提升畜产品品质。人类摄取富含叶黄素的畜产品有助于机体健康。探究粗饲料中叶黄素含量的变化及其在动物生产中的应用,将有助于提升粗饲料价值和合理利用,也有助于叶黄素制剂推广和高品质畜产品生产。本文综述了叶黄素在植物饲料中的动态变化规律和对反刍动物机体代谢影响的国内外研究进展,深入了解叶黄素的功能,为其生产和应用提供参考。     

叶黄素的功能及在饲料中的应用

叶黄素作为一种天然色素,广泛存在于自然界中,具有保护视力、预防心血管疾病、预防糖尿病和抗癌等方面的生理功能,它作为着色剂在饲料中应用。本文综述了叶黄素的生理能及其应用,并对其应用前景进行了展望,阐明了叶黄素在畜牧业中应用的必要性。     

饲料添加剂叶黄素的测定方法研究

为改进叶黄素的测定方法。采用正己烷+无水乙醇+丙酮+甲苯(10677)混合液进行萃取,用紫外分光光度法在(473±1)nm处测定饲料添加剂叶黄素的含量。结果表明,用该方法检测饲料中的叶黄素准确度好,RSD均在国家规定的范围内,可用于饲料中叶黄素含量的检测。     

叶黄素源对鸡蛋黄着色效果的比较

鸡蛋蛋黄色泽的主要成分是叶黄素。由于鸡体内本身没有合成能力,故叶黄素的来源依赖于饲料。在生产中,饲料黄玉米中存在的叶黄素构成了蛋黄基础色,另行添加含有叶黄素的辣椒粉和斑蝥黄等原料,用较低成本得到色泽较深的蛋黄。本文试比较不同叶黄素源对鸡蛋黄着色的效果。     

黄腿鸡产蛋后腿色为什么逐渐变白

多数品种的鸡皮肤为黄色,黄色皮肤的鸡体内存在着叶黄素,喙、腿、脚、皮肤的黄色就是其中所含叶黄素的表现。鸡体内叶黄素来源于饲料,母鸡在产蛋前采食了大量的青绿多汁饲料、黄玉米等,其中所含色素物质在鸡体内转化成叶黄素,这些叶黄素贮存在鸡的皮肤、喙、脚等部位和进入鸡蛋的卵黄中。蛋黄中叶黄素含量     

人造色素在肉鸡生产上的应用

平时人们在买肉鸡时,非常关心肉鸡的色泽。为了满足用户这一要求,生产厂家也开始重视所产肉鸡的皮肤颜色了。 一般来讲,饲料中所含叶黄素的来源和     

日粮中叶黄素对产蛋鸡免疫的影响

叶黄素,是一种类胡萝卜素的黄色色素。它被认为可以作为一种预防人类众多疾病的候选物。因为蛋中的叶黄素含量与产蛋鸡日粮中叶黄素的含量直接相关,所以生产一种富含叶黄素的功能蛋引起人们极大兴趣。在几种动物上都证明,叶黄素在免疫方面有直接作用。因为亚麻籽在产蛋鸡日粮中     

叶黄素和蛋黄色泽

蛋黄色泽的深浅是由叶黄素存在的多少决定,产蛋鸡的饲料中如含有丰富的叶黄素时蛋黄呈深黄色,家禽如果没有从饲料中得到叶黄素,其蛋黄就不能呈现黄色,或仅仅获得维生素 A 时,蛋黄色泽亦仅呈浅黄色,因此,家禽饲料中必须存在     

β-阿朴-8’-胡萝卜素酸乙酯及其研究进展

3-阿朴-8’-胡萝卜素酸乙酯是含氧类胡萝卜素的一种,广泛存在于自然界尤其是在放养的土鸡蛋及玉米中,在饲料工业上主要用于家禽产品的着色.本文重点就其特性、生物学功能以及在家禽上的应用研究等方面进行了综述,重点介绍了它在家禽蛋黄和组织中的沉积及其与万寿菊提取叶黄素的着色效率比较.     

饲料中叶黄素含量对北京鸭皮肤及胸肌颜色的影响

正本文旨在研究饲料中不同叶黄素含量对北京鸭生长后期(15～39天)皮肤、胸肌及烤炙后胸肌颜色的影响。结果表明:在本次试验条件下,胸部皮肤、背部皮肤黄度值及胸肌黄度值随饲料中叶黄素含量的增加而增加;胸肌烤炙后黄度值与烤炙前相比,黄度值增加且随着饲料中叶黄素的含量而增加。     

Dietary lutein and fat interact to modify macrophage properties in chicks hatched from carotenoid deplete or replete eggs

Two experiments were conducted to study the interaction between dietary lutein and fat levels in broiler chicks hatched from lutein depleted (Experiment I) and repleted (Experiment II) eggs. In both experiments, a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments resulted in six dietary treatments (fat at 3% and 6% and lutein at 0, 25 and 50 mg/kg feed) that were fed for 23 days to 18 birds per treatment (in three replications). In Experiment I, the anti-dinitrophenyl-keyhole-lympet-hemocyanin (anti-DNP-KLM) serum antibody response at day 22 and macrophage phagocytotic index at day 17 did not differ among treatment groups (p > 0.05). The concavalin A and phytohaemagglutinin-P lymphocyte proliferation index at day 19 was greater in birds fed 50 mg of lutein and 3% fat than in birds fed all other diets (p < 0.05). Independent of the level of dietary fat, dietary lutein increased macrophage (day 23) nitrite production measured 46 h after in vitro stimulation with LPS (p < 0.05). Among the birds fed lutein at 25 or 50 mg/kg feed, birds fed 3% fat had higher LPS-induced nitrite production compared to the birds fed 6% fat after 46 (p = 0.014) or 70 h (p < 0.001). In Experiment II, macrophage nitrite production was measured at 54 h after LPS stimulation on days 11, 15, 19 and 23. An interaction between dietary lutein and fat levels on nitrite production was observed on day 19 (p = 0.012), where macrophages from birds fed 0 mg lutein and 3% fat had the highest nitrite production (p = 0.012). Macrophages from birds fed lutein at 25 and 50 mg/kg diet and 3% fat had higher (p = 0.012) nitrite production than birds fed 6% fat. Thus, in birds hatched from lutein deplete and replete eggs, modulation of macrophage nitrite production by lutein is dependent on the level of dietary fat.     

Effect of dietary α‐tocopherol on the bioavailability of lutein in laying hen

Lutein and its isomer zeaxanthin have gained considerable interest as possible nutritional ingredient in the prevention of age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) in humans. Egg yolk is a rich source of these carotenoids. As an oxidative sensitive component, antioxidants such as α‐tocopherol (T) might contribute to an improved accumulation in egg yolk. To test this, chickens were fed lutein esters (LE) with and without α‐tocopherol as an antioxidant. After depletion on a wheat–soya bean‐based lutein‐poor diet for 21 days, laying hens (n = 42) were equally divided into three groups and fed the following diets for 21 days: control (basal diet), a LE group (40 mg LE/kg feed) and LE + T group (40 mg LE plus 100 mg T/kg feed). Eggs and blood were collected periodically. Carotenoids and α‐tocopherol in yolk and blood plasma were determined by HPLC. Egg yolk was also analysed for total carotenoids using a one‐step spectrophotometric method (iCheck^(?)). Lutein, zeaxanthin, α‐tocopherol and total carotenoids in egg yolk were highest after 14 days of feeding and decreased slightly afterwards. At the end of the trial, eggs of LE + T group contained higher amount of lutein (13.72), zeaxanthin (0.65), α‐tocopherol (297.40) and total carotenoids (21.6) compared to the LE group (10.96, 0.55, 205.20 and 18.0 mg/kg, respectively, p < 0.05). Blood plasma values of LE + T group contain higher lutein (1.3), zeaxanthin (0.06) and tocopherol (20.1) compared to LE group (1.02, 0.04 and 14.90 mg/l, respectively, p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary α‐tocopherol enhances bioavailability of lutein reflecting higher content in egg yolk and blood plasma. Improved bioavailability might be due to increased absorption of lutein in the presence of tocopherol and/or a greater stability of lutein/zeaxanthin due to the presence of α‐tocopherol as an antioxidant.     

Dietary lutein and fish oil interact to alter atherosclerotic lesions in a Japanese quail model of atherosclerosis

Interactions between concentration of dietary lutein and fish oil in diets on atherosclerosis incidences were studied in a cholesterol-induced-atherosclerosis (CIA) model. CIA Japanese quail were fed a basal diet with three amounts of lutein (0, 25 and 50 mg/kg diet) and two amounts of fish oil (3% and 6%) in a 3 × 2 factorial in five replications. Samples were collected at 24 and 27 weeks of age. Atherosclerosis lesions in the dorsal aorta were measured by histochemistry sectioning. At 27 weeks of age, increasing dietary fish oil content to 6% decreased (p < 0.01) the atherosclerotic lesions only in the 0 mg lutein supplemented groups. At 27 weeks of age, increasing dietary fish oil content to 6% increased the atherosclerotic lesion score when lutein was supplemented at either 25 or 50 mg/kg feed. Aorta and liver lutein content increased (p < 0.01) with increasing dietary lutein content at 27 weeks of age. Increasing dietary fish oil content to 6% increased (p < 0.01) the aorta fat content by twofold and decreased (p < 0.01) the liver fat by 26% at 27 weeks of age. Increasing the dietary fish oil content to 6% increased (p = 0.01) the total PUFA and decreased (p = 0.03) the total mono unsaturated fatty acids content of the aorta at 27 weeks of age. At 27 weeks of age, increasing dietary fish oil content to 6% decreased the amount of TBARS (p = 0.01) and IL-1 mRNA (p < 0.01) only in the 0 mg lutein supplemented groups. Increasing dietary fish oil content to 6% increased the amount of TBARS and IL-1 mRNA of the aorta when lutein was supplemented at either 25 or 50 mg/kg diet. Dietary lutein supplementation decreased atherosclerosis lesions only at low levels of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids.     

高效液相色谱法检测饲料中的着色剂

实验建立了同时分离检测饲料中叶黄素、斑蝥黄、β-胡萝卜素3种着色剂的高效液相色谱法。样品用乙腈-丙酮提取,以甲醇-二氯甲烷为流动相在1.2 mL/min的流速下进行梯度洗脱。该方法在6 min内实现了3种着色剂的基线分离,叶黄素、斑蝥黄的线性范围为0.05～200μg/mL,β-胡萝卜素的线性范围为0.5～200μg/mL,线性相关系数≥0.9991。叶黄素、斑蝥黄、β-胡萝卜素的检测限分别为0.025、0.020、0.25μg/mL;样品平均回收率为80.1%～105.0%,相对标准偏差<5.00%。     

不同类型叶黄素对高温条件下黄羽肉鸡生长性能及着色效果的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中分别添加常规叶黄素和高玉米黄质叶黄素对高温条件下(33±0.52)℃黄羽肉鸡生长性能及着色效果的影响。选取60日龄、初始体重(1209±72)g、健康状况良好的雌性黄羽肉鸡144只,随机分为3个处理,每个处理6个重复(笼),每个重复8只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加2 g/kg的常规或高玉米黄质叶黄素。预试期7 d,正试期28 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,常规组肉鸡末重和平均日增重显著提高,常规组和高玉米黄质组成活率显著提高;饲喂24 d后,高玉米黄质组黄羽肉鸡翅下皮肤的亮度(L^*)值与黄度(b^*)值显著高于其他2组;饲喂28 d后,常规组和高玉米黄质组跗跖b^*值显著提高,高玉米黄质组喙的b^*值显著高于其他2组,常规组胸肌b^*值显著提高;常规和高玉米黄质组胸肌总抗氧化能力、谷胱甘肽过氧化酶活性显著提高,丙二醛含量显著降低。综上所述,饲料中添加常规和高玉米黄质叶黄素对高温条件下黄羽肉鸡生长性能和着色效果均有促进作用,其中高玉米黄质叶黄素效果更佳。     

酪酸菌微生态制剂的生物学功能及在饲料中的应用

酪酸菌作为一种新型微生态饲用添加剂,不仅能够与乳酸菌等有益菌协同共生,而且对链霉素等多种抗生素具有抗性,与抗生素配合使用时其生物作用不受影响,这对其在目前饲料中普遍添加抗生素的情况下仍能发挥其效能有特别意义,是一种很有开发前景的微生态制剂。     

微生态制剂在仔猪教槽料中的应用

综述了仔猪早期断奶的意义及早期断奶对仔猪造成的不良影响,并提出使用教槽料的重要性。阐明微生态制剂的功能及其在断奶仔猪上的应用效果。针对仔猪的生理特点,阐述微生态制剂在仔猪教槽料中应用的重要性。     

益生菌在反刍动物生产中应用的研究进展

益生菌可以作为一种绿色添加剂应用于反刍动物饲料中,逐渐替代抗生素、激素、农用化学物质。大量研究表明,其一有益微生物菌剂可以调节动物体肠道内正常的微生物关系,并提高动物体的代谢水平和其对营养物质的利用率;其二有益微生物菌剂能够增强机体的免疫功能,进而提高机体的免疫和抗病能力;其三有益微生物菌剂可以起到减少污染和净化环境的作用。研究主要针对有益微生物的主要功能和其作用机理,以及近年来其在反刍动物营养和饲料中的应用研究进展进行综述。     

大豆磷脂在饲料中的应用

本文对大豆磷脂的结构组成、生理功能及其在饲料中的应用作一介绍。     

叶黄素对蛋鸡应用效果的研究

将144只52周龄绿壳商品产蛋鸡随机分为6组,各组在相同日粮基础上分别添加0、20、40、60、80、100mg/kg叶黄素,探讨叶黄素在蛋黄中的沉积规律以及对蛋黄色泽和蛋鸡生产性能的影响。结果说明,蛋黄中叶黄素的含量随日粮中叶黄素添加水平的增加而提高,最大沉积量达1.09mg/60g,是对照组0.23mg/60g的近5倍;日粮中叶黄素能显著(P<0.05)提高蛋黄的罗氏等级(RCF),降低亮值(L),提高红值(a),对黄值(b)无显著影响(P>0.05);日粮中添加高水平叶黄素对蛋鸡生产性能无显著影响(P>0.05)。