Expression and regulatory effect of P73 antisense RNA 1T in tumors

The discovery of abundant new long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and extensive investigation of their roles in various diseases have been reported, especially in cancers. The lncRNA P73 antisense RNA 1T (TP73-AS1) is involved in dysregulation of cell signaling and closely correlated with cancer development, progression, and response to therapy. This review is a brief update of the current knowledge related to the role of TP73-AS1 in cancer-associated molecular pathways and pathophysiology, and possible determinants for TP73-AS1 to function as a biomarker, aiming to stimulate the basic investigation of TP73-AS1 as well as its translation to clinical applications.     

Progress on epigenetic regulation of long noncoding RNAs in cardiac development and heart diseases

It was previously revealed that noncoding RNAs, especially microRNAs, control cardiac genes and regulate heart function. Recently, growing evidence from high-throughput genomic platforms has confirmed that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) serve as new and enigmatic regulators in cardiac development and homeostasis. Nevertheless, little is known about their characteristics compared to microRNAs. Here, we review the latest progress on lncRNAs in cardiac biology and diseases, summarizing detailed knowledge of their functions and novel cardiac-related gene regulatory mechanisms in epigenetic processes. Finally, we highlight that lncRNAs could be promising therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers in cardiac pathophysiology.     

Progress in role of lncRNA in cardiovascular diseases

Cardiovascular diseases are closely related to proliferation, injury and apoptosis of the cells in the cardiovascular system. For instance, endothelial cells play an important role in the pathogenic process of hypertension and atherosclerosis, and smooth muscle cells and monocytes/macrophages involve in the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. Recently, it has been confirmed that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) regulates proliferation, apoptosis, injury, autophagy and differentiation of the cells by a series of regulatory mechanisms, thus participating in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. This article is to review the recent research progress on the function of lncRNAs and their regulatory roles in the cardiovascular diseases at cellular and molecular levels.     

Study on expression of long non-coding RNA in colon cancer tissues and adjacent tissues

AIM: To screen the differentially expressed long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in colon cancer, and to explore its expression in colon cancer tissues and adjacent tissues. METHODS: The "Colon adenocarcinoma:Person neoplasm cancer status" which consisted of 36 cases of colon cancer tissues and 29 cases of normal colonic tissues was downloaded from the lncRNAtor database. The candidate genes were selected from these differentially expressed lncRNAs based on artificial criterion (P<0.01; fold change ≥ 2 or<0.5) and then validated by real-time PCR in 60 pairs of colon cancer tissues and adjacent tissues. RESULTS: A total of 50 lncRNAs were differentially expressed in colon cancer tissues, including 28 up-regulated and 22 down-regulated (P<0.01). The verifying results displayed that HNF1A-AS1 and ZDHHC8P1 were up-regulated (P<0.01), and SUZ12P expression was down-regulated (P<0.05), but the expression of AC069513.3 was not statistically significant between colon cancer tissues and adjacent tissues. The abilities of HNF1A-AS1, ZDHHC8P1, SUZ12P and AC069513.3 to discriminate the colon cancer from normal adjacent tissue by the ROC curve with an AUC of 0.729 (sensitivity 78%, specificity 67%), 0.617 (sensitivity 68%, specificity 55%), 0.689 (sensitivity 66%, specificity 55%) and 0.518 (sensitivity 52%, specificity 48%) were observed. CONCLUSION: Long non-coding RNA HNF1A-AS1 and ZDHHC8P1 are up-regulated and SUZ12P is down-regulated in colon cancer tissues, suggesting that they may be involved in the pathogenesis of colon cancer.     

Regulatory effects of taurine up-regulated gene 1 on tumorigenesis

It has been estimated that approximately 75% of the human genome is transcribed into RNA,74% of which would be transcribed into non-coding RNA (ncRNA).The ncRNA can be divided into 2 major groups including small RNA and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA).There is increasing evidence that the dysregulation of lncRNA is closely associated with the occurrence and progression of many tumors.The lncRNA taurine up-regulated gene 1(TUG1) is originally detected in a genomic screen for genes in response to taurine treatment of developing mouse retinal cells.According to research reports,dysregulation of TUG1 participates in the progression of a variety of tumors.Therefore,the regulatory effects of lncRNA TUG1 on tumorigenesis are summarized in this article.     

Differential expression profile of long non-coding RNA in hepatic tissue between drug-induced liver injury and immune liver injury

AIM: To analyze the expression profile of long non-coding RNA(lncRNA) in the liver tissues of drug-induced liver injury(DILI) and immune liver injury(ILI). METHODS: The technique of lncRNA microarray was used to inspect the lncRNA expression profile in the mouse liver tissues that the liver injury was induced by acetaminophen or concanavalin A. The raw data of lncRNA were pretreated for normalization. RESULTS: Compared with normal hepatic tissue, the lncRNA which had more than 1.5-fold variation and significant difference(P<0.05) by statistical analysis were regarded as lncRNA with differential expression. A total of 68 lncRNA with differential expression were found in the hepatic tissues of DILI, with 21 increased more than 1.5 folds and 47 reduced more than 1.5 folds. A total of 60 lncRNA with differential expression in the liver tissues of ILI were observed, with 17 increased more than 1.5 folds and 43 reduced more than 1.5 folds. In all lncRNA, 8 was simultaneously up-regulated in 2 liver injury models, accounting for 38% and 47% respectively, while 28 was simultaneously down-regulated in 2 liver injury models, accounting for 59% and 65% respectively. CONCLUSION: lncRNA expression profiles of DILI and ILI change significantly in comparison with normal hepatic tissue, and there are also differences between 2 hepatic damage models. The simultaneous changes of lncRNA may participate in the same or similar pathophysiological process, while the differences may be involved in relatively particular mechanisms.     

A simple and efficient method for isolating small RNAs from different plant species

Background  

Small RNAs emerged over the last decade as key regulators in diverse biological processes in eukaryotic organisms. To identify and study small RNAs, good and efficient protocols are necessary to isolate them, which sometimes may be challenging due to the composition of specific tissues of certain plant species. Here we describe a simple and efficient method to isolate small RNAs from different plant species.     

lncRNA TTN-AS1 regulates the viability and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell via miR-519d-3p/MMP2 pathway

AIM To investigate the expression level of long noncoding RNA （lncRNA） TTN antisense RNA 1 （TTN-AS1） in lung adenocarcinoma tissues and the effects of TTN-AS1 silencing on the viability and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. METHODS RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of TTN-AS1, microRNA-519d-3p （miR-519d-3p） and matrix metalloproteinase 2 （MMP2） mRNA in 32 cases of lung adenocarcinoma and adjacent normal tissues. The untransfected A549 cells were divided into blank group, si-NC group （with si-NC transfection） and si-lncRNA group （with silencing of lncRNA TTN-AS1 expression）, with n=5 in each group. The effects of TTN-AS1 silencing on the viability and invasion of A549 cells were detected by CCK8 and Transwell methods. The targeting regulatory effects of TTN-AS1 on miR-519d-3p and miR-519d-3p on MMP2 were determined by dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation test, RT-qPCR and Western blot. RESULTS The expression level of TTN-AS1 in 32 cases of lung adenocarcinoma tissues is notably higher than that in the adjacent normal tissues （P<0.05）. Silencing of TTN-AS1 in A549 cells significantly suppressed the cell viability and invasion. TTN-AS1 negatively regulated the expression of miR-519d-3p via sponging and absorbing miR-519d-3p. MMP2 is the target gene of miR-519d-3p and can be negatively regulated by miR-519d-3p. Overexpression of MMP2 partially reversed the inhibitory effect of TTN-AS1 silencing and miR-519d-3p overexpression on the invasion of A549 cells. CONCLUSION The lncRNA TTN-AS1 is overexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma tissues, and it regulates lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell viability and invasion via miR-519d-3p/MMP2 pathway.     

基于高通量测序的逆境下植物miRNA的研究现状

microRNA（miRNA）是一类包含20～30个核苷酸的非编码RNA分子,在植物的生长发育和适应外界各种环境胁迫的过程中起着非常重要的作用。植物中miRNA的数量和种类都很多,而高通量测序技术的出现大大加快了miRNA的发现过程。本文综述了近年来利用高通量测序技术进行的逆境下植物体内miRNA的研究状况,以反映当前植物miRNA的发现、功能和进化等方面的最新研究进展。     

Progress in roles of MNX1 antisense RNA 1 in malignant tumor

MNX1 antisense RNA 1 （MNX1-AS1） is a newly discovered long non-coding RNA （lncRNA）, which is highly dysregulated in various carcinomas and its expression level is closely related to the overall survival and prognosis of patients. MNX1-AS1 regulates the occurrence and development of carcinomas by endogenous competitive adsorption of miRNA, regulating cell cycle, inducing epithelial mesenchymal transformation and activating multiple signaling pathways. The in-depth study of the carcinogenesis of MNX1-AS1 is useful for the early diagnosis, targeted therapy and prognostic assessment of relevant carcinomas. This article reviews the roles of MNX1-AS1 in malignant tumor.     

circRNAs: post-transcription regulation in cerebrovascular diseases

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of covalently closed circular non-coding RNAs that are expressed across varieties of life forms. CircRNAs have a variety of characteristics such as stable structures, tissue-specific expression and the function of microRNA sponges in the regulation of genes. CircRNAs are abundant, highly expressed in neural tissues, emerging evidence also indicates that circRNAs play an important role in the pathophysiologic process of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other neurological diseases. As one of the most important neurological diseases, the pathogenesis of brain damage and repair after ischemia has not yet been evaluated, and stroke related circRNAs are of great significance. In this review, we summarize related regulations, and the potential regulatory mechanisms of cicrcRNAs in cerebrovascular diseases, and the important role of circRNAs in post stroke pathophysiologic process is also discussed. CircRNAs are expected to be a new drug target, and provide new theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases.     

Advances in function of circular RNA and regulation of atherosclerosis development

Atherosclerosis is one of the cardiovascular diseases that seriously endanger human health. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is very complicated and related to a variety of risk factors. In recent years, many studies have found that circular RNAs play an important regulatory role in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis by inducing proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells and macrophages. This article reviews the basic functions of circular RNAs and its recent research on the regulation of atherosclerosis.     

马铃薯总RNA提取和鉴定方法的改进

对植物总RNA的提取和鉴定方法作了改进。以马铃薯叶片和茎为材料,分别用常规苯酚法和改进法提取总RNA,通过甲醛变性胶和非变性胶及紫外光谱分析,表明用改进法提取的总RNA与常规苯酚法无明显差异,RNA完整性良好,可以用普通琼脂糖凝胶代替甲醛变性胶电泳分析RNA的完整性。RT-PCR结果表明,以改进法提取的总RNA可以用于分子克隆和基因表达分析等分子生物学实验。利用改进法提取植物总RNA,能降低成本,节约时间,也避免了使用DEPC和甲醛等试剂。     

Roles of microRNAs in glioma

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of gene expression. These small, non-coding RNAs are believed to regulate more than one third of protein-coding genes, and have been implicated in the control of many biological processes, including the biology of glioma. The functional significance in some of the miRNAs begins to emerge. This paper reviews the biogenesis of miRNAs, their roles in neuronal development and tumorigenesis of gliomas, and their contribution as tumor biomarkers. Research in this area is quickly gathering pace and is illuminating important aspects of the diseases that may ultimately lead to novel therapeutic interventions, as well as diagnostic and prognostic tools for brain tumors.     

RNA分子在植物韧皮部长距离运输的研究进展

 RNA分子存在于植物韧皮部筛分子中,且能进行长距离运输,这是植物界一个突破性的发现。现已发现有3类RNA存在于韧皮液内,包括外源类病毒或RNA病毒,植物内源mRNA和非编码小RNA。韧皮液内RNA分子的长距离移动可作为系统信号分子介导植物生长发育的调控。本文就韧皮液的取样方法,韧皮液内存在的RNA分子及其介导的信号调控和运输机制等进行了综述。     

梨花芽休眠相关miRNA的鉴定和差异表达分析

为了探究梨花芽休眠进程中miRNA的表达模式和靶基因,利用Solexa测序技术、生物信息学分析和实时荧光定量PCR（qPCR）技术,对内休眠、内休眠解除和生态休眠解除3个时期梨花芽的miRNA进行高通量测序、筛选和鉴定。结果表明,内休眠、内休眠解除和生态休眠解除时期3个样本文库中分别有12 276 226、10 135 952、11 453 981条Unique序列。miRNA主要分布在21 ~ 24 nt之间,其中长度为24 nt的数量最多。共检测到151个已知的miRNA,属于39个不同的家族,并利用生物信息学软件预测到了209个新的miRNAs。比较分析从内休眠进入到生态休眠解除的整个休眠转换时期差异表达的miRNA,筛选出8个miRNA（ahy-miR156b-5p、cpa-miR319、aly-miR172c-3p、aau-miR396、mdm-miR858、aly-miR171b-3p、bdi-miR160f和hbr-miR166a）,其靶基因主要参与转录调控、信号传导等过程。利用qPCR验证了8个miRNA及其8个靶基因的表达。