Effects of Bile Acid on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance and Lipid Metabolism of White Feather Broilers北大核心CSCD

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加胆汁酸对白羽肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和脂类代谢的影响。选取体况一致和体重接近的1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡240只,随机分为2个组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加300 mg/kg胆汁酸。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验组白羽肉鸡1~42日龄料重比显著降低(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,试验组白羽肉鸡屠宰率显著提高(P<0.05),腹脂率有降低趋势(P=0.071)。3)与对照组相比,试验组白羽肉鸡肝脏脂肪含量有降低趋势(P=0.054),血清谷草转氨酶活性显著降低(P<0.05),血清甘油三酯含量有降低趋势(P=0.090)。综上所述,在本试验条件下,饲粮添加300 mg/kg胆汁酸可以降低白羽肉鸡料重比,提高屠宰率,对脂类代谢有一定的改善作用。     

Effect of Different Ratios of Food to Water of Dry Powder Feed on Growth Performance，Nutrient Digestibility and Nitrogen Metabolism of Growing Wusuli Raccoon Dogs

This experiment was aimed to explore the effect of different ratios of food to water of dry powder feed on growth performance,nutrient digestibility and nitrogen metabolism of growing Wusuli raccoon dogs.Thirty 11-week-old healthy Wusuli raccoon dogs with average body weight of （3.47±0.20） kg were randomly assigned into 3 groups.The Wusuli raccoon dogs were fed experimental diets with dry powder feed of ratio of food to water of 1∶2.5 （group Ⅰ）,1∶3.5（group Ⅱ）,1∶4.5 （group Ⅲ）,respectively.The pre-test period lasted for 7 days and the trial period lasted for 67 days.The results showed that the average daily feed intake of each week from 11,12 to 13 weeks in groupⅠ was significantly less than that in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ （P＜0.05）,the average daily feed intake of each week from 14,15 to 20 weeks was no significant difference among all groups （P＞0.05）.The total intake in group Ⅰ was significantly less than that in group Ⅱ （P＜0.05）.The average daily gain of each week from 15 to 17 weeks in group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ （P＜0.05）,while the average daily gain,total weight and the rate of feed intake to body gain in other week-old were no significant differences among all groups （P＞0.05）.The protein digestibility,fat digestibility and dry matter digestibility were no significant differences among all groups （P＞0.05）.The amount of urine in group Ⅲ was extremely significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ （P＜0.01）.The nitrogen intake,fecal nitrogen,urine nitrogen,nitrogen deposition,net protein utilization and biological value of protein were no significant differences among all groups （P＞0.05）.In conclusion,the appropriate ratios of food to water of dry powder feed of growing Wusuli raccoon dogs was 1∶3.5 to 1∶4.5.     

Effects of Dietary Sodium Acetate on Lactation Performance and Rumen Microbiota of Dairy Goats北大核心CSCD

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary sodium acetate on lactation performance and rumen microbiota of dairy goats. Fifteen healthy Xinong Saanen dairy goat ewes with similar body weight of (53.54±3.07) kg, the same parity (2 parities) and in mid-lactation [(60±5) d] were randomly divided into 3 groups with 5 replicates in each group. Dairy goats in the control group were fed a basal diet, and those in the experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 30 (experimental group I) and 60 g/ (d.head) (experimental group II) sodium acetate, respectively. The pre-trial period lasted for 7 days and the experimental period lasted for 21 days. The milk yield of dairy goats was recorded during the experiment. At the end of the experiment, milk samples were collected to analyze the changes in milk composition, and rumen contents of dairy goats were collected from two groups (control group and experimental group II) with significant differences in milk fat percentage. Gas chromatography and 16S rDNA sequencing technology were used to analyze the rumen fermentation parameters and rumen microbial composition and structure of dairy goats. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group, dietary sodium acetate extremely significantly increased the daily milk yield of dairy goats (P<0.01), and the daily milk yield in experimental groups I and II was increased by 0.29 and 0.22 kg, respectively (P<0.01); in experimental group II, the milk fat percentage was significantly increased by 1.30 percentage points (P<0.01), and the non-fat solid content in milk was increased by 3.10% (P>0.05). 2) Compared with the control group, the rumen butyric acid content of dairy goats in experimental group II was significantly decreased (P<0.01), and there was no significant difference in rumen pH, the other volatile fatty acid content and acetic acid to propionic acid ratio (P>0.05). 3) Compared with the control group, the Sobs index, Chao1 index and Ace index of rumen microbiota in experimental group II were significantly increased (P<0.05); the results of similarity analysis (ANOSIM) also showed that there were significant differences in the structure of rumen microbiota between the two groups (P<0.05). 16S rDNA sequencing results showed that at the phylum level, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla in the rumen of the two groups of dairy goats; at the genus level, Prevotella_1 was the dominant genus in the rumen. Compared with the control group, the relative abundances of Ruminococcus_1, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, Prevotellaceae_UCG-004 and Lachnoclostridium_12 in rumen of dairy goats in experimental group II were significantly increased (P<0.05), while the relative abundances of Succiniclasticum and Methanobrevibacter in rumen was significantly decreased (P<0.05). 4) The results of correlation analysis showed that rumen microbiota was correlated with daily milk yield, milk fat percentage, milk protein percentage and non-fat solid content of dairy goats. In conclusion, dietary 60 g/ (d.head) sodium acetate can significantly increase the daily milk yield and milk fat percentage, significantly reduce rumen butyrate content, and improve the lactation performance of dairy goats by improving rumen microbial composition and structure. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.     

Effects of Different Sources and Levels of Selenium on Growth Performance and Tissue Selenium Content of 10～11 months Porcupine

The objective of this experiment was to explore the effects of different sources and levels of selenium （Se） on growth performance and tissue Se content of 10～11 months porcupine.Eighty and 10-month-old porcupine with a similar body weight were assigned to 5 groups with 8 replicates of 2 porcupines each.The porcupine were fed a basal diet without Se complementation （control group） or the basal diet adding 0.30 mg/kg Se in the form of sodium selenite （group Ⅰ）,0.20 mg/kg Se in the form of yeast selenium （group Ⅱ）,0.30 mg/kg Se in the form of yeast selenium （group Ⅲ） and 0.30 mg/kg mixed Se （0.15 mg/kg sodium selenite and 0.15 mg/kg yeast selenium）（group Ⅳ）,respectively.The pre-test period lasted for 7 days and the trial period lasted for 45 days.The results showed that compared with the control group,there was no significant differences in the average daily feed intake （ADFI） in each group （P＞0.05）,the average daily gain （ADG） in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ was significantly increased （P＜0.05）,the feed/gain （F/G） in group Ⅲ was significant decreased （P＜0.05）.Compared with the control group,the concent of Se in liver and muscle of group Ⅲ was extremely significantly increased （P＜0.01）,the content of Se in liver and muscle of groups Ⅱ and Ⅳ was also significantly increased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）,and there was no significant difference in group Ⅰ（P＞0.05）.In conclusion,the basal diet supplemented with yeast selenium could improve the growth performance and increase the tissue Se concent in 10～11 months porcupine,and adding 0.30 mg/kg yeast selenium had the best effect.     

Effects of Weaning Age on Growth Performance,Digestion and Metabolism of Hu Sheep Lambs and Serum Hormone Contents of Ewes北大核心CSCD

本试验旨在研究断奶日龄对湖羊羔羊的生长性能、消化代谢及母羊血清激素含量的影响,以期为补饲代乳料条件下,湖羊羔羊早期断奶的可行性提供依据,并确定最佳断奶时间。选取出生日期相差不超过3 d、体况良好、健康无疾病的羔羊90只,将羔羊随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复10只。7日龄开始饲喂代乳料的情况下,分别于25日龄(试验Ⅰ组)、35日龄(试验Ⅱ组)、45日龄(对照组)断奶,试验期90 d。结果表明:1)在16~45日龄,试验Ⅰ组羔羊由于断奶应激,导致羔羊采食量减少,平均日增重低于试验Ⅱ组,且在31~45日龄,平均日增重显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。试验Ⅰ组平均日采食量分别比试验Ⅱ组高出5.09%(P<0.05),比对照组高出7.50%(P<0.05)。2)试验Ⅰ组的粗蛋白质(CP)表观消化率显著低于试验Ⅱ组与对照组(P<0.05),试验组湖羊羔羊的氮摄入量、净蛋白质利用率和蛋白质生物学价值指标与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05)。3)断奶当天,试验Ⅰ组血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)的含量极显著高于试验Ⅱ组和对照组(P<0.01),且试验Ⅱ组显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ组血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),显著高于试验Ⅱ组(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ组血清总胆固醇(TC)含量显著高于试验Ⅱ组和对照组(P<0.05),试验Ⅱ组血清甘油三酯(TG)含量极显著高于试验Ⅰ组和对照组(P<0.01);90日龄,试验Ⅱ组血清葡萄糖(GLU)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);断奶当天,试验Ⅱ组血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。4)60日龄,试验Ⅱ组血清雌二醇(E2)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而30日龄,试验Ⅰ组血清促乳素(PRL)含量极显著高于试验Ⅱ组和对照组(P<0.01)。5)试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组与对照组的羔羊成活率分别为76.67%、86.67%、90.00%。经综合评定,湖羊羔羊35日龄断奶是可行的。     

Effects of Compound Preparation of Chinese Herbal Extract on Performance,Immune and Antioxidant Function and Ruminal Bacterial Flora of Cows with High Somatic Cell Count In Milk北大核心CSCD

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of compound preparation of Chinese herbal extract on performance, immune and antioxidant function and ruminal bacterial flora of cows with high somatic cell count (SCC) in milk. Ten transitional Holstein cows with similar body condition, lactation period, milk yield and milk SCC higher than 500 000 cells / mL were selected and divided into control group [milk SCC = (97.48±23.75) ten thousand cells / mL] and experimental group [milk SCC = (98. 78 ± 29. 92) ten thousand cells / mL] based on the principle of similar milk SCC, each group contained 5 cows, and cows in 2 groups were not treated with medication. The control group was fed a total mixed ration (TMR), and the experimental was fed the TMR+54 g / (d.head) compound preparation of Chinese herbal extract. The experiment lasted for 35 days. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group, the addition of compound preparation of Chinese herbal extract in the diet significantly decreased the SCC in milk at days 14 and 28 of cows with high SCC in milk (P<0.05), but had no significant effects on milk yield, milk composition and nutrient apparent digestibility (P>0.05) . 2) Compared with the control group, the addition of compound preparation of Chinese herbal extract in the diet significantly increased the contents of immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in serum of cows with high SCC in milk (P<0.05), and significantly decreased the serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) content (P<0.05) . 3) Compared with the control group, the addition of compound preparation of Chinese herbal extract in the diet significantly decreased the proportions of Actinobacteria, Succinivibrionaceae_UCG-001 and Ruminococcus_gauvreauii_group in rumen of cows with high SCC in milk (P < 0. 05), and significantly increased the rumen Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 proportion (P<0.05) . It is concluded that the addition of compound preparation of Chinese herbal extract in the diet can reduce the SCC in milk, increase the immune function, and improve the rumen bacterial flora composition of cows with high SCC in milk. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.     

Effect of Astragalus Polysaccharin on Growth Performance，Intestinal Microflora and Immune Function of Immunosuppression Broilers

The aim of this study was to explore the effect of different levels of Astragalus polysaccharin on growth performance,intestinal microflora and immune function of immunosuppression broilers.A total of 180 fast large yellow feather chickens with similar weight were randomly divided into 4 groups,with 3 replicates of 15 chicks in each replicate,group Ⅰ was fed with basal diet,free drinking water,groupsⅡ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ were add 200 mg/L water soluble florfenicol in the drinking water,medication for 6 days,then group Ⅱ was fed a basal diet,groups Ⅲ,Ⅳ were fed with basal diet supplemented with 500 and 1000 mg/kg Astragalus polysaccharin,respectively.The pre-trial period lasted for 7 days,and the experiment lasted for 35 days.The results showed that compared with group Ⅱ,groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ was significantly improved the growth performance of immunosuppression broilers （P＜0.05）,enhanced the number of beneficial bacteria （Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium） in the gastrointestinal tract of immunosuppression broilers （P＜0.05）,reduced the number of harmful bacteria （Escherichia coli and Salmonella） in the gastrointestinal tract of immunosuppression broilers （P＜0.05）,improved the immune organs index and Newcastle disease antibody titer of immunosuppression broilers （P＜0.05）,decreased the serum contents of IL-10 and IFN-γ of immunosuppression broilers （P＜0.05）.In conclusion,adding 500 and 1000 mg/kg Astragalus polysaccharin in diet could eliminate immunosuppression effect of florfenicol test,improve the growth performance,adjust the intestinal micro ecological balance and ennhance the immune function of broilers.     

Effects of Antimicrobial Peptides and Chinese Herbal Medicine Additives on Growth Performance,Serum Biochemical Indices and Intestinal Morphology of Broilers北大核心CSCD

本试验旨在研究抗菌肽和中草药添加剂对肉鸡生长性能、血清生化指标和肠道形态的影响。选用600只体重相近的10日龄麻黄肉鸡作为试验动物,随机分成4个组,分别为对照组(饲喂基础饲粮)、抗菌肽组(饲喂基础饲粮+200 mg/kg抗菌肽)、中草药组(饲喂基础饲粮+200 mg/kg中草药添加剂)和抗菌肽+中草药组(饲喂基础饲粮+200 mg/kg抗菌肽和200 mg/kg中草药添加剂),每组6个重复,每个重复25只鸡。试验期47 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,10~21日龄,抗菌肽组和抗菌肽+中草药组肉鸡10~21日龄平均日采食量显著提高(P<0.05);22~43日龄,抗菌肽组和中草药组肉鸡平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),试验组平均日采食量和料重比均显著降低(P<0.05),但抗菌肽+中草药组死亡率显著提高(P<0.05);44~56日龄,抗菌肽组和中草药组肉鸡平均日采食量和平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),料重比显著降低(P <0.05),而抗菌肽+中草药组肉鸡平均日采食量显著降低(P<0.05),死亡率显著提高(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,抗菌肽组肉鸡血清球蛋白含量显著提高(P<0.05),试验组血清丙二醛和D-乳酸含量显著降低(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,抗菌肽组肉鸡十二指肠绒毛高度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度值显著提高(P<0.05),中草药组和抗菌肽+中草药组十二指肠绒毛高度显著提高(P<0.05);抗菌肽+中草药组空肠绒毛高度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度值显著降低(P<0.05),回肠绒毛高度和隐窝深度显著降低(P<0.05),回肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度值显著提高(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮添加200 mg/kg抗菌肽或中草药添加剂可以显著提高22~56日龄麻黄肉鸡生长性能,降低血清D-乳酸含量,同时改善小肠形态结构,但两者不宜混合使用。     

Effects of Dietary Coated Sodium Butyrate on Growth Performance,Antioxidant Capacity and Inflammatory Response of Broilers under Cyclically Heat-Stress Condition北大核心CSCD

This experiment investigated the effects of dietary coated sodium butyrate (CSB) on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity and inflammatory response of broilers under cyclically heat-stress condition. The experiment selected 500 one-day-old Arbor Acres (AA) broilers, and when routine immunization and rearing to 21-day-old, four hundred and fifty healthy and similar body weight broilers were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 replicates per group and 15 chickens per replicate. Five groups were divided into one normal temperature group (NT group), one heat stress group (HS group) and three heat stress and adding CSB groups (HS+CSB groups) . Broilers in the NT group were raised in room temperature environment [(24± 2) °C], and fed a basal diet. Broilers in the HS group and HS+CSB groups were raised in a daily high temperature environment (28 °C -36 °C -28 °C), and fed diets supplemented with 0, 300, 600 and 900 mg / kg CSB in the basal diet, respectively. The experiment lasted for 14 d. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the NT group, cyclically heat-stress extremely significantly reduced the average daily feed intake and average daily gain of broilers (P < 0. 01) . Under the cyclically heat-stress condition, the addition of 900 mg / kg CSB significantly increased the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of broilers (P < 0.05), and the addition of 600 mg / kg CSB significantly increased the average daily gain of broilers compared with HS group (P<0.05) . 2) Compared with the NT group, cyclically heat-stress significantly or extremely significantly decreased serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) of broilers (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and significantly or extremely significantly increased serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activities and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), α1-acidoglycoprotein (α1-AGP), endotoxin (ET) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) (P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01) . Under the cyclically heat-stress condition, compared with the NT group, the addition of 900 mg / kg CSB significantly increased the serum GSH-Px, CAT and SOD activities and T-AOC (P < 0. 05), and significantly or extremely significantly decreased the serum LDH activity and α1-AGP, ET and TBARS contents of broilers (P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01); the addition of 600 mg / kg CSB significantly increased the serum CAT and SOD activities (P<0.05), and extremely significantly decreased the serum LDH activity of broilers (P<0.01); the addition of 300 mg / kg CSB significantly increased the serum CAT and SOD activities and T-AOC of broilers (P < 0. 05) . 3) Compared with the NT group, cyclically heat-stress extremely significantly increased the serum contents of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) of broilers (P<0.01) . Under the cyclically heat-stress condition, compared with the NT group, the addition of 900 mg / kg CSB significantly or extremely significantly reduced the serum IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-8 contents of broilers (P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01), and significantly increased serum transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) content (P<0.05); the addition of 600 mg / kg CSB significantly or extremely significantly reduced the serum IL-6 and TNF-α contents of broilers (P<0.05 or P<0.01); the addition of 300 mg / kg CSB significantly reduced the serum TNF-α content of broilers (P<0.05) . Above results indicate that the addition of CSB in the diet can improve the growth performance of broilers under the cyclically heat-stress condition by increasing the antioxidant capacity and alleviating the inflammatory response, and adding 900 mg / kg CSB to the diet in this experiment has the best effect. © 2023 Chinese Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.     

Effects of Low Crude Protein Level Diet Based on Corn-Peanut Meal on Growth Performance and Nitrogen Utilization of Chinese Yellow Chickens at 1 to 21 Days of Age北大核心CSCD

本试验旨在研究基于玉米-花生仁饼型低粗蛋白质(CP)水平饲粮对1~21日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能和氮利用率的影响。选取1日龄快速型岭南黄羽肉鸡1920只(公母各占1/2),公、母鸡各按体重一致原则随机分为4组(每组6个重复,每个重复40只)。4个组的饲粮CP水平分别为22.5%、21.5%、20.5%和19.5%。试验期21 d。结果表明:1)饲粮不同水平CP和性别对21日龄肉鸡末重和1~21日龄平均日增重(ADG)均有显著影响(P<0.05)且具有显著交互作用(P<0.05);22.5%CP组和21.5%CP组ADG均显著高于20.5%CP组和19.5%CP组(P<0.05),饲粮CP水平对肉鸡ADG的影响具有显著线性效应(P<0.05)。22.5%CP组公鸡ADG最高,显著高于其他3个CP水平组(P<0.05),21.5%CP组公鸡ADG也显著高于20.5%CP组和19.5%CP组(P<0.05);22.5%CP组和21.5%CP组母鸡ADG均显著高于19.5%CP组(P<0.05)。2)饲粮不同水平CP对肉鸡料重比(F/G)有显著影响(P<0.05)且具有显著的线性效应(P<0.05);22.5%CP组F/G最低,显著低于其他3个水平CP组(P<0.05);21.5%CP组F/G显著低于19.5%CP组(P<0.05)。3)饲粮不同水平CP均对肉鸡氮利用率有显著影响(P<0.05)。21.5%CP组肉鸡氮利用率最高,显著高于其他3个水平CP组(P<0.05),19.5%CP组氮利用率也显著高于20.5%CP组(P<0.05)。由此可见,以玉米-花生仁饼为基础饲粮,低CP水平饲粮中尽管补充添加了晶体氨基酸,但是还是会影响公鸡生长。1~21日龄快速型岭南黄羽肉鸡母鸡饲粮CP水平可以降低1~2个百分点。建议将公、母鸡分开饲养,以实现对其营养的精准调控,提高氮利用率,降低氮排放。     

Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Fructooligosaccharides on Growth Performance,Nutrient Digestibility and Serum Biochemical Indices of Arctic Foxes (Alopex lagopus) during Early Growth Period北大核心CSCD

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and serum biochemical indices of Arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) during early growth period. Sixty male post-litter Arctic foxes with the average body weight of (1.16±0.15) kg and at the age of (45±3) days were randomly assigned to 4 groups with 3 replicates per group and 5 foxes per replicate. The foxes were fed the following diets, respectively: basal diet (control group), basal diet+3×109 CFU / kg LAB (LAB group), basal diet+5 g / kg FOS (FOS group) and basal diet+3×109 CFU / kg LAB+5 g / kg FOS (LAB+FOS group). The experiment lasted for 30 days. The results showed as follows: 1) on the days 1 to 15, the diarrhea rate of foxes in the LAB group and LAB+FOS group was significantly lower than that in the control group and FOS group (P<0.05). On the days 16 to 30, the average daily gain of foxes in the LAB+FOS group was significantly higher than that in the control group and FOS group (P<0.05), but had no significant difference with LAB group (P>0.05); the diarrhea rate of foxes in the LAB+FOS group was significantly lower than that in the control group and FOS group (P<0.05), but had no significant difference with LAB group (P>0.05); compared with the FOS group, the feed to gain ratio of foxes in the LAB+FOS group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). 2) The dry matter digestibility of foxes in the LAB + FOS group was significantly higher than that in the control group and FOS group (P < 0.05), but had no significant difference with LAB group (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in nitrogen intake, fecal nitrogen, urine nitrogen, nitrogen deposition, net protein utilization and protein biological value among all groups (P>0.05). 3) Serum total protein (TP) content of foxes in the LAB+FOS group was significantly higher than that in the FOS group (P<0.05), but had no significant difference with control group and LAB group (P>0.05). Serum albumin (ALB) content of foxes in the LAB group was significantly higher than that in the control group and FOS group (P<0.05), but had no significant difference with LAB+ FOS group (P>0.05). Serum urea nitrogen (UN) content of foxes in the LAB+FOS group was significantly decreased compared with the control group (P < 0. 05). In conclusion, the combined supplementation of 3 × 109 CFU / kg LAB and 5 g / kg FOS in the diet is beneficial to reduce diarrhea rate, improve dry matter digestibility, improve body immune level, and promote the growth of Arctic foxes during early growth period. © 2023 Chinese Journal of Urology. All rights reserved.     

Effects of Faba Bean Supplementation on Growth Performance,Intestinal Digestive Enzyme Activities,Intestinal Morphology and Intestinal Flora of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)北大核心CSCD

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of faba bean supplementation on the growth performance, intestinal digestive enzyme activities, intestinal morphology and intestinal flora of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). A total of 600 genetic improvement of farmed tilapia with an initial body weight of (500.23± 0.34) g were randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates per group and 50 fish per replicate. Four isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets containing 0 (C0 group, as control), 15% (C15 group), 30% (C30 group) and 60% (C60 group) faba bean were fed to fish during the 100-d feeding trial. Results showed as follows: 1) there were no significant differences in the weight gain rate, specific growth rate, feed coefficient ratio and hepatosomatic index among the groups (P>0.05), the protein efficiency ratio and survival rate in C60 group were significantly higher than those in C0 and C15 groups (P<0.05). 2) There were no significant differences in the activities of amylase, lipase and trypsin among the groups (P>0.05). 3) Compared with the C0 group, the C15, C30 and C60 groups had significantly lower intestinal villus height, villus thickness and muscle thickness (P<0.05). 4) The Simpson index of intestinal flora of tilapia in C15, C30 and C60 groups was lower than that in C0 group, and the difference was significant between C30 and C0 groups (P< 0.05). 5) The intestinal core flora of the four groups of tilapia were mainly Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Fusobacteriota. Compared with the C0 group, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in C15, C30 and C60 groups had a significant reduction (P<0.05), and the relative abundances of Fusobacteriota and Cetobacterium in C15 and C60 groups had a significant reduction (P<0.05). To conclude, under the conditions of isonitrogenous and isolipidic, diets supplemented with 15% to 60% faba bean have no significant effects on the growth performance and intestinal digestive enzyme activities of tilapia, but can significantly reduce the intestinal villi height, villus width and muscle thickness, decrease the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and the diversity of intestinal flora. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.     

Effects of fermented soybean residues on growth performance,apparent nutrient digestibility,meat quality and serum biochemical indexes of Hu sheep北大核心CSCD

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of fermented soybean residues on growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, meat quality and blood physiological indexes of Hu sheep, and to investigate the value of fermented soybean residues in the production of meat sheep. In the present study, twenty-one healthy male Hu sheep with similar body weight were selected and randomly allocated into a basal diet （control） group, a soybean residue group （basal diet+20% soybean residue, SR） or a fermented soybean residues group （basal diet+20% fermented soybean residues, FSR）, with 7 animals in each group. The experiment lasted for 49 days, including a 7-day adaptation period. The results were as follows: 1）Compared with the control and SR groups, addition of 20% fermented soybean residues in the diet （FSR） significantly increased the average daily weight gain of Hu sheep （P< 0.05） and significantly reduced the weight gain cost （P<0.05）. 2） The apparent digestibility of dry matter （DM）, crude protein （CP） and neutral detergent fiber （NDF） of Hu sheep in the fermented soybean residues group was significantly higher than that in other groups （P<0.05）. 3） Compared with the SR group, the carcass weight of the FSR group was increased （P<0.05）, while the dressing percentage, meat redness values of the FSR group were greater than those of the other groups （P<0.05）, and the drip loss was lower than other groups （P<0.05）. 4） Compared with the control and SR groups, the serum total protein content of the FSR group was increased （P< 0.05）, and the urea nitrogen content was reduced （P<0.05）. Compared with the SR group, the serum albumin content of the FSR group was increased significantly （P<0.05）. In conclusion, the addition of fermented soybean residues in the diet significantly improved the average daily gain of Hu sheep, reduced the feed cost, improved the apparent digestibility of DM, CP and NDF, and improved the meat quality and serum biochemical indexes. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

Effects of creep feeding and supplemental glutamine or glutamine plus glutamate （Aminogut） on pre- and post-weaning growth performance and intestinal health of piglets

Background： Creep feeding is used to stimulate piglet post-weaning feed consumption.L-Glutamine（GLN） is an important source of fuel for intestinal epithelial cells.The objective of this study was to determine the impact of creep feeding and adding GLN or AminoGut（AG;containing glutamine ＋ glutamate） to pre-and post-weaning diets on pig performance and intestinal health.Litters（N = 120） were allotted to four treatments during 14–21 d of lactation： 1） No creep feed（NC,n = 45）;2） creep fed control diet（CFCD,n = 45）;3） creep fed 1% GLN（CFGLN,n = 15）;4） creep fed.88% AG（CFAG,n = 15）.After weaning,the NC and CFCD groups were sub-divided into three groups（n = 15 each）,receiving either a control nursery diet（NC-CD,CFCD-CD） or a diet supplemented with either GLN（NC-GLN,CFCD-GLN） or with AG（NC-AG,CFCD-AG）.Litters that were creep fed with diets containing GLN or AG also were supplemented with those amino acids in the nursery diets（CFGLN-GLN,CFAG-AG）.Glutamine was added at 1% in all three post-weaning diet phases and AG was added at.88% in phase 1 and 2 and at.66% in phase 3.Results： Feed conversion（feed/gain） showed means among treatment means close to significance（P = 0.056） and Tukey＇s test for pairwise mean comparisons showed that Pigs in the CFGLN-GLN group had the best feed conversion（feed/gain） in the first three-week period post-weaning,exceeding（P = 0.044） controls（CFCD-CD） by 34%.The NC-AG group had（P = 0.02） the greatest feed intake in the last three week of the study,exceeding controls（CFCD-CD） by 12%.CFGLN-GLN,CFCD-GLN and sow reared（SR） pigs had the greatest（P = 0.049） villi height exceeding the CFCD-AG group by 18%,20% and 19% respectively.The CFAG-AG group had the deepest（P = 0.001） crypts among all treatments.CFGLN-GLN,CFCD-GLN and SR groups had the greatest（P = 0.001） number of cells proliferating（PCNA） exceeding those in the NC-CD group by 43%,54% and 63% respectively.Sow reared pigs showed the greatest（P = 0.001） intestinal absorption capacity for xylose and mannitol.Conclusion： Supplementation of creep feed and nursery diets with GLN and/or AminoGut in the first three week improved feed conversion possibly due to improved intestinal health.     

Effects of Dietary Tributyrin on Growth Performance,Serum Biochemical Indices,Immune Function and Antioxidant Capacity of Juvenile Yellow Catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)北大核心CSCD

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary tributyrin on growth performance, serum biochemical indices, immunity function and antioxidant capacity of juvenile yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). A total of 480 juvenile yellow catfish with an initial body weight of (5.53±0.02) g were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates in each group, and 40 fish in each replicate. Four isonitrogenous and isolipid experimental diets were fed with 0 (G0), 500 (G1), 1 000 (G2) and 2 000 mg/kg (G3) triglyceride, respectively. The experiment lasted for 56 days. The results showed as follows: 1) weight gain rate and feed efficiency rate in G2 group were significantly higher than those in other groups (P<0.05). The fatness in G1 group was significantly lower than that in G0 and G3 groups (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between G1 group and G2 group (P>0.05). 2) The serum glucose content in G3 group was significantly higher than that in G1 and G2 groups (P<0.05), and there were no significant differences in the serum contents of total protein, albumin, globulin, triglyceride, urea nitrogen and the activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase among all groups (P>0.05). 3) Compared with G0 group, serum lysozyme activity in G1, G2 and G3 groups was significantly increased (P<0.05), serum alkaline phosphatase activity in G1 and G2 groups was significantly increased (P<0.05), and serum immunoglobulin M content in G2 group was significantly higher than that in G3 group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in serum complement C3 content among all groups (P>0.05). 4) Compared with G0 group, serum total antioxidant capacity in G1 group was significantly increased (P<0.05), and serum super-oxide dismutase activity in G1, G2 and G3 groups was significantly increased (P<0.05). The serum catalase activity in G3 group was significantly higher than that in G0, G1 and G2 groups (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences in serum glutathione peroxidase activity, glutathione and malondialdehyde contents among all groups (P>0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 500 to 2 000 mg/kg triglyceride can significantly improve non-specific immune and antioxidant capacity of yellow catfish, and dietary supplementation of 1 000 mg/kg triglyceride can significantly improve weight gain rate and feed efficiency of yellow catfish. Combined with the comprehensive evaluation of growth performance, serum immunity and antioxidant indexes, the optimal supplemental level of triglyceride in yellow catfish diet is 1 000 mg/kg. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.     

川乡黑猪生长发育研究进展

采用群体闭锁式核心群选育法,测定川乡黑猪世代种猪生产性能,根据综合指数高低和分子标记辅助选择选留优秀个体。完成了7个世代生产性能测定,旨在研究和提高川乡黑猪的生产性能,为养猪生产提供优秀黑种猪。结果表明：经过0～7世代的选育,其产仔数达10.27头,产活仔数9.58头;G7世代达100 kg体重校正日龄公猪、母猪分别达160.22 d、160.09 d,校正活体背膘厚公猪、母猪分别为9.95 mm、10.89 mm;G7世代肥育性能达100 kg体重日龄、活体校正背膘厚、料重比分别为160.56 d、10.25 mm、2.55。研究结果表明,川乡黑猪经世代选育后,生产性能良好,是一个优秀的黑色种公猪。     

Effects of Dietary Broussonetia papyrifera Leaves on Growth Performance,Serum Biochemical Indexes,Intestinal Morphology and Cecal Microflora of Guangxi Sanhuang Chickens北大核心CSCD

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加杂交构树叶对广西三黄鸡的生长性能、血清生化指标、免疫器官指数、肠道组织形态及盲肠菌群的影响。选取120只健康的1日龄广西三黄鸡,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复10只。A组为对照组,饲喂不添加杂交构树叶的基础饲粮;B、C、D组分别在基础饲粮中添加3%、6%、9%的杂交构树叶,试验期为21 d。结果显示:与对照组相比,饲粮中添加3%~6%的杂交构树叶对生长性能、血清生化指标以及肠道组织形态均无显著影响(P>0.05);饲粮中添加6%的杂交构树叶可显著提高法氏囊指数(P<0.05);饲粮中添加9%的杂交构树叶可显著提高血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)活性(P<0.05),显著降低平均日增重和脾脏指数(P<0.05),显著增加料重比(P<0.05)。肠道菌群分析显示,与对照组相比,饲粮添加6%的杂交构树叶对盲肠菌群的Alpha多样性指数无显著影响(P>0.05);在属水平上,饲粮添加6%的杂交构树叶可显著降低欧氏菌属(Olsenella)、理研菌科RC9肠道群(Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group)、norank_f_norank_o_Gastranaerophilales、norank_f_norank_o_RF39、脱硫弧菌属(Desulfovibrio)、norank_f_norank_o_Rhodospirillales的比例(P<0.05),同时显著增加另枝菌属(Alistipes)、乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、Sellimonas、Negativibacillus、厌氧棒状菌属(Anaerostipes)的比例(P<0.05)。综上所述,本试验条件下,饲粮中添加3%~6%的杂交构树叶对广西三黄鸡的生长性能、血清生化指标、免疫性能、肠道组织形态均无负面影响,且添加6%的杂交构树叶还可以提高广西三黄鸡的法氏囊指数,改善盲肠菌群结构。     

日粮中添加乳酸杆菌对鸡生长性能的影响及其应用前景展望

日粮中添加乳酸杆菌可以提高鸡的免疫性能,增加产蛋量,提高蛋品质以及鸡的生产性能。因此,日粮中添加适量的乳酸杆菌制剂对鸡生长性能有重要作用。文章从乳酸杆菌的作用、机理及日粮中乳酸杆菌的最适添加量出发对其进行阐述,以期能为乳酸杆菌在家禽生产中的合理应用提供参考。     

江汉鸡品种肉用性能的测定

为了准确了解江汉鸡肉用性能的具体表现,以更好地指导当地江汉鸡的选育与生产,对江汉鸡肉用性能进行了观测,并与其他地方鸡品种的部分生产性能指标进行了比较.结果表明,在生长速度方面,相同日龄条件下比较,丘陵型江汉鸡的体重高于平原型江汉鸡;在屠宰性能方面,成年江汉鸡公、母鸡的屠宰率、半净膛率和全净膛率相差不大,公鸡的全净膛率比...