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随着欧洲禁止将抗生素用作动物生长促进剂以及世界其它地区反对使用动物用抗生素的呼声越来越高,养殖业现在将更多的注意力转向寻找潜在的抗生素替代品,这些替代品包括益生菌、益生元、植物化学成分等物质.Calpis公司的研究人员和顾问Kiyashi Maruta于最近在巴西举行的家禽行业会议中,建议在家禽商业性生产中应用上述几种抗生素替代品之一的益生菌. 相似文献
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早在1986年瑞典就率先提出了禁止在肉鸡饲料中使用抗生素,随后抗生素的禁用在世界各地全面展开,自此以来抗生素替代品的研究在动物营养中已受到了越来越多的关注。肠道微生物似乎是饲用抗生素(In-Feed Antibiotics,IFAs)的作用对象,同时抗生素替代品必须有利于维持动物健康和具有一定的促生长作用。本文讨论了六种饲用抗生素替代品对肠道微生物菌群的作用,综述了它们的作用机制和促生长作用,并重点介绍最近几年多位作者以甘露寡糖为抗生素替代品的研究结果。 相似文献
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随着抗生素在动物生产中使用的普及,滥用抗生素所产生的弊端比如药物的残留问题以及耐药细菌的产生等引起了社会的广泛关注,因此更多的人开始探索抗生素的替代品,而植物精油作为一种纯天然植物提取物,具有降解速度快,不易在体内积蓄的优点,有望成为安全健康的抗生素替代品。本文对近年来对植物精油在动物生产中应用的研究及其作用机制进行综述。 相似文献
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随着维生素的禁用以及动物产品安全问题备受关注的情况下,益生素作为抗生素的替代品被广泛应用于动物生产.益生素作为一种新型饲料添加剂,具有无毒、无副作用,可提高动物免疫力和动物产品质量、降低对环境的污染等特点.文章综述了益生素的作用机理以及近年来益生素在动物生产中的应用技术研究情况,并对益生素的应用前景进行了展望. 相似文献
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顾芳胡平蔡德敏刘好雨 《动物营养学报》2023,(10):6247-6256
抗生素在畜牧业中的广泛应用有效减少了动物疾病的发生和传播,促进了畜牧业的高效生产。但是,在目前畜禽养殖业中,由抗生素滥用导致的细菌耐药性问题严重影响了我国食品安全以及畜牧业的可持续发展。如何在目前减抗替抗的背景下,寻找具有预防疾病、促进生产性能的抗生素替代品,成为现阶段动物营养领域研究的热点。本文讨论了抗生素滥用给公共健康以及畜牧行业发展带来的危害,国内外减抗、禁抗的进程以及取得的成果,并介绍了抗生素替代品研究的相关进展,旨在为畜禽养殖业中抗生素替代品的选择与使用提供参考,推动畜牧业的健康绿色发展。 相似文献
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抗生素替代物的作用效果及存在问题 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
抗生素在动物饲养中一度发挥了巨大的作用,抗生素工业的兴起极大促进了畜牧业的发展。特别是在一些发展中国家,由于饲养环境较差抗生素在畜牧业中的应用更加普遍。但是,大量研究结果表明,抗生素的长期及大量应用会造成有害菌种耐药性及畜产品中药物残留。在人食入有抗生素残留的动物产品后,身体健康会受到严重的危害。随着人类生活水平的提高和对健康的重视,禁止抗生素添加剂在畜牧生产中应用的呼声越来越高,开发抗生素替代品的工作更加迫切。 相似文献
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多糖类化合物的抗菌作用及其机制研究进展 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
多糖类化合物根据来源可分为植物多糖、动物多糖以及微生物多糖三大类。其不仅具有高效低毒、来源广泛的特点,还具有调节免疫功能、抗肿瘤、抗病毒、抗氧化、抗糖尿病、抗菌等多种生理功能。目前,人们已成功从高等植物、动物细胞膜以及微生物细胞壁中提取了大量多糖并广泛应用于食品、饲料、医药等行业中。随着细菌耐药性的不断产生,多糖类作为一种抗生素替代品已经成为国内外研究的热点。本文拟通过对多糖类化合物的抗菌活性以及主要机制进行详细阐述,为进一步深入开展多糖类化合物的生物活性及其作用机理研究,开发出更加安全、绿色高效的抗生素替代品提供理论依据。 相似文献
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《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2017,(3)
Nanoparticles have been used as diagnostic and therapeutic agents in the human medical field for quite some time, though their application in veterinary medicine and animal production is still relatively new. Recently,production demands on the livestock industry have been centered around the use of antibiotics as growth promoters due to growing concern over microbial antibiotic resistance. With many countries reporting increased incidences of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, laws and regulations are being updated to end in-feed antibiotic use in the animal production industry. This sets the need for suitable alternatives to be established for inclusion in feed.Many reports have shown evidence that nanoparticles may be good candidates for animal growth promotion and antimicrobials. The current status and advancements of nanotechnological applications in animal production will be the focus of this review and the emerging roles of nanoparticles for nutrient delivery, biocidal agents, and tools in veterinary medicine and reproduction will be discussed. Additionally, influences on meat, egg, and milk quality will be reviewed. 相似文献
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Jennifer S. Ogeer-Gyles DVM MSc Karol A. Mathews DVM DVSc DACVECC Patrick Boerlin DVM MSc FVH 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2006,16(1):1-18
Objective: To review the human and companion animal veterinary literature on nosocomial infections and antimicrobial drug resistance as they pertain to the critically ill patient. Data sources: Data from human and veterinary sources were reviewed using PubMed and CAB. Human data synthesis: There is a large amount of published data on nosocomially‐acquired bloodstream infections, pneumonia, urinary tract infections and surgical site infections, and strategies to minimize the frequency of these infections, in human medicine. Nosocomial infections caused by multi‐drug‐resistant (MDR) pathogens are a leading cause of increased patient morbidity and mortality, medical treatment costs, and prolonged hospital stay. Epidemiology and risk factor analyses have shown that the major risk factor for the development of antimicrobial resistance in critically ill human patients is heavy antibiotic usage. Veterinary data synthesis: There is a paucity of information on the development of antimicrobial drug resistance and nosocomially‐acquired infections in critically ill small animal veterinary patients. Mechanisms of antimicrobial drug resistance are universal, although the selection effects created by antibiotic usage may be less significant in veterinary patients. Future studies on the development of antimicrobial drug resistance in critically ill animals may benefit from research that has been conducted in humans. Conclusions: Antimicrobial use in critically ill patients selects for antimicrobial drug resistance and MDR nosocomial pathogens. The choice of antimicrobials should be prudent and based on regular surveillance studies and accurate microbiological diagnostics. Antimicrobial drug resistance is becoming an increasing problem in veterinary medicine, particularly in the critical care setting, and institution‐specific strategies should be developed to prevent the emergence of MDR infections. The collation of data from tertiary‐care veterinary hospitals may identify trends in antimicrobial drug resistance patterns in nosocomial pathogens and aid in formulating guidelines for antimicrobial use. 相似文献
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抗生素类药物在蛋鸡养殖过程中起着非常重要的作用,但一直以来抗生素的使用缺乏科学的指导,致使抗生素残留在动物性食品和环境中,给生态系统和人类健康带来了巨大的威胁。从21世纪初开始,全球各个国家和相关国际组织采取相应的措施控制动物性食品中抗生素的残留,并逐渐加大了监察力度。文章对蛋鸡饲养过程中常用抗生素在鸡体内的消除和在鸡蛋中的残留规律进行综述,并根据我国部分省市鸡蛋中抗生素残留现状,综述影响鸡蛋抗生素残留的因素,拟为抗生素的合理使用和休药期的制订提供参考。 相似文献
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The present study was conducted to study the antibiotic resistance pattern among nontyphoidal Salmonella isolated from human, animal and meat. A total of 37 Salmonella strains isolated from clinical cases (human and animal) and meat during 2008–2009 belonging to 12 serovars were screened
for their antimicrobial resistance pattern using 25 antimicrobial agents falling under 12 different antibiotic classes. All
the Salmonella isolates tested showed multiple drug resistance varying from 5.40% to 100% with 16 of the 25 antibiotics tested. None of
the isolates were sensitive to erythromycin and metronidazole. Resistance was also observed against clindamycin (94.59%),
ampicillin (86.49%), co-trimoxazole (48.65%), colistin (45.94%), nalidixic acid (35.10%), amoxyclave (18.90%), cephalexin,
meropenem, tobramycin, nitrofurantoin, tetracycline, amoxicillin (8.10% each), sparfloxacin and streptomycin (5.40% each).
Isolates from clinical cases of animals were resistant to as many as 16 antibiotics, whereas isolates from human clinical
cases and meat were resistant to 9 and 14 antibiotics, respectively. Overall, 19 resistotypes were recorded. Analysis of multiple
antibiotic resistance index (MARI) indicated that clinical isolates from animals had higher MARI (0.25) as compared to isolates
from food (0.22) and human (0.21). Among the different serotypes studied for antibiogram, Paratyhi B isolates, showed resistance
to three to 13 antibiotics, whereas Typhimurium strains were resistant to four to seven antibiotics. Widespread multidrug
resistance among the isolates from human, animal and meat was observed. Some of the uncommon serotypes exhibited higher resistance
rate. Considerable changes in the resistance pattern were also noted. An interesting finding was the reemergence of sensitivity
to some of the old antibiotics (chloromphenicol, tetracycline). 相似文献