11种牛分枝杆菌抗原在牛结核病诊断中的初步评价

为筛选及评价用于牛结核病诊断的抗原,本试验将CFP-10、ESAT-6、TB10.4、TB27.4、MPT51、MPT63、MPT64、MPB70、MPB83、Rv3872和Ag85B共11种牛分枝杆菌抗原分别作为包被抗原建立间接ELISA方法,比较其对牛结核病的检出率;同时利用豚鼠和牛的皮试试验评价重组蛋白作为皮试试验刺激原的潜力。此外,将重组蛋白分别刺激结核病阳性牛和阴性牛的抗凝血24 h,检测血浆中的IFN-γ水平,评价各重组蛋白作为IFN-γ释放试验刺激原的潜力。结果显示,不同重组蛋白对结核病阳性血清的反应活性不一,MPB70总检出率最高,为59.7%;其次是Ag85B、ESAT-6和MPB83,检出率均在45%以上;MPT51的检出率最低,仅为2.2%。豚鼠和牛皮试试验均显示,单个重组蛋白作为刺激原难以产生令人满意的迟发型过敏反应（delayed type hypersensitivity,DTH）,而TB10.4、TB27.4、MPT64、MPT63或Rv3872作为补充抗原,分别与CFP-10或ESAT-6混合,均可特异性地刺激结核病阳性牛产生较强的DTH反应,且与PPD-B无显著差异（P>0.05）。重组蛋白CFP-10、ESAT-6、TB10.4和MPT51均能刺激结核病牛全血释放一定的IFN-γ,其中CFP-10、CFP-10-ESAT-6串联蛋白和MPT51刺激结核病阳性牛全血释放的IFN-γ显著高于阴性牛（P<0.05）。因此,这11种牛分枝杆菌抗原并不适合单独用于牛结核病的血清学诊断、皮试试验或IFN-γ释放试验,但以CFP-10和ESAT-6为核心,TB10.4、TB27.4、MPT64、MPT63、Rv3872或MPT51作为其补充抗原,均能提高检测敏感性,有作为皮试试验和IFN-γ释放试验特异性刺激原用于牛结核病诊断的潜力。     

11种牛分枝杆菌抗原在牛结核病诊断中的初步评价

为筛选及评价用于牛结核病诊断的抗原,本试验将CFP-10、ESAT-6、TB10.4、TB27.4、MPT51、MPT63、MPT64、MPB70、MPB83、Rv3872和Ag85B共11种牛分枝杆菌抗原分别作为包被抗原建立间接ELISA方法,比较其对牛结核病的检出率;同时利用豚鼠和牛的皮试试验评价重组蛋白作为皮试试验刺激原的潜力。此外,将重组蛋白分别刺激结核病阳性牛和阴性牛的抗凝血24h,检测血浆中的IFN-γ水平,评价各重组蛋白作为IFN-γ释放试验刺激原的潜力。结果显示,不同重组蛋白对结核病阳性血清的反应活性不一,MPB70总检出率最高,为59.7%;其次是Ag85B、ESAT-6和MPB83,检出率均在45%以上;MPT51的检出率最低,仅为2.2%。豚鼠和牛皮试试验均显示,单个重组蛋白作为刺激原难以产生令人满意的迟发型过敏反应(delayed type hypersensitivity,DTH),而TB10.4、TB27.4、MPT64、MPT63或Rv3872作为补充抗原,分别与CFP-10或ESAT-6混合,均可特异性地刺激结核病阳性牛产生较强的DTH反应,且与PPD-B无显著差异(P0.05)。重组蛋白CFP-10、ESAT-6、TB10.4和MPT51均能刺激结核病牛全血释放一定的IFN-γ,其中CFP-10、CFP-10-ESAT-6串联蛋白和MPT51刺激结核病阳性牛全血释放的IFN-γ显著高于阴性牛(P0.05)。因此,这11种牛分枝杆菌抗原并不适合单独用于牛结核病的血清学诊断、皮试试验或IFN-γ释放试验,但以CFP-10和ESAT-6为核心,TB10.4、TB27.4、MPT64、MPT63、Rv3872或MPT51作为其补充抗原,均能提高检测敏感性,有作为皮试试验和IFN-γ释放试验特异性刺激原用于牛结核病诊断的潜力。     

牛分枝杆菌Mb1230基因的表达纯化及其活性评价

为了探究牛分枝杆菌Mb1230蛋白在牛结核病诊断中的应用价值,本试验利用PCR方法扩增出Mb1230基因,构建重组质粒pET-22b-Mb1230,经IPTG诱导表达后用亲和层析纯化重组蛋白,通过结核菌素皮内变态反应试验(TST试验)、IFN-γ释放试验(IGRA试验)和间接ELISA对重组蛋白的活性进行评价。SDS-PAGE和Western blotting结果显示,重组蛋白大小与理论值相符,且能与鼠抗His的抗体反应有特异性条带;在TST试验、IGRA试验和间接ELISA中也表现出抗原活性。结果表明,重组Mb1230蛋白具有良好的B细胞活性和T细胞活性,在牛结核病诊断中具有应用潜力。     

牛结核分枝杆菌MPB70蛋白分泌性载体的构建与蛋白表达

为了研究牛结核病新型诊断抗原,试验根据GenBank中Mycobacterium bovis基因序列设计1对引物,将牛结核分枝杆菌MPB70基因构建到pET22b(+)原核表达载体上,将重组载体转到E.coliBL21(DE3)中,经IPTG诱导获得高效表达,并进行SDS-PAGE和Westen-blot分析。结果表明:MPB70蛋白以可溶形式在细胞周质中表达,有部分蛋白以包涵体形式在细胞质中表达,其分子质量约为30ku,蛋白表达量占菌体总蛋白的20%;重组MPB70蛋白可与牛分枝杆菌阳性血清发生特异性反应。说明重组MPB70蛋白能够作为诊断抗原。     

副结核分枝杆菌MAP0862蛋白的表达及在间接ELISA中的初步应用

本研究的目的是探索副结核分枝杆菌特异性蛋白MAP0862在牛副结核病血清学诊断中的作用,建立牛副结核病特异性ELISA诊断方法。将通过原核表达获得的副结核特异性蛋白MAP0862纯化并定量后作为包被抗原,经过一系列条件优化后初步建立了牛副结核病间接ELISA诊断方法。使用牛副结核阳性血清、牛布病阳性血清、牛结核阳性血清、卡介苗免疫牛血清、牛大肠杆菌阳性血清以及健康阴性牛血清对该方法的验证表明其具有良好的特异性。使用该方法对300份临床血清进行检测,结果表明该方法与IDEXX副结核检测试剂盒的符合率为94.3%。基于副结核特异性蛋白质MAP0862建立的间接ELISA诊断方法能有效检测牛副结核病。     

牛分枝杆菌FixB、HspX和MPB83基因的原核表达及鉴定

为了给原核表达牛分枝杆菌Fix B、Hsp X和MPB83基因并纯化Fix B、Hsp X和MPB83蛋白,进一步研究它们在牛结核病诊断中作为特异性抗原的诊断价值及应用奠定基础,试验用PCR方法从牛结核分枝杆菌AF2122/97基因组中扩增出Fix B、Hsp X和MPB83基因片段,构建p ET-28a-Fix B、p ET-28a-Hsp X和p ET-28a-MPB83重组质粒,克隆到DH5ɑ感受态细胞,提取测序正确的阳性重组质粒,转化BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,用1 mmol/L IPTG于37℃诱导表达,SDS-PAGE分析目的蛋白的表达形式,Western-blot分析鉴定并用Ni-NTA层析柱纯化蛋白。结果表明:成功扩增了大小依次约为957 bp、435 bp和663 bp的Fix B、Hsp X和MPB83基因,将其连接p ET-28a原核表达载体,原核表达的Fix B、Hsp X和MPB83重组蛋白均以包涵体形式存在,分子质量依次约为37 ku、21 ku和28 ku。经Western-blot鉴定表达产物为Fix B、Hsp X和MPB83重组蛋白,Ni-NTA成功洗脱出目的蛋白。说明试验成功构建了牛分枝杆菌Fix B、Hsp X和MPB83基因的原核表达载体,并纯化了Fix B、Hsp X和MPB83重组蛋白,可用于进一步的应用研究。     

牛分枝杆菌分枝菌酸环丙烷合酶PCAA的表达与鉴定

以牛分枝杆菌Vallee株基因组为模板，利用PCR方法扩增该菌株的环丙烷一分枝茵酸合酶pcaA基因，并克隆到原核表达载体pET-32a（＋）中，通过大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）表达重组融合蛋白，并利用Ni-亲和层析的方法纯化出重组蛋白。通过鉴定其免疫活性。试验结果表明，成功扩增出了牛分枝杆菌中pcaA基因并纯化出了重组的融合蛋白，通过免疫印记发现，重组蛋白可与牛结核阳性血清发生特异性反应，为进一步研究牛分枝杆菌的致病机理奠定基础。     

利用重组表位蛋白map0862-2154c检测牛副结核血清抗体胶体金免疫层析方法的建立（英文）

筛选牛副结核分枝杆菌的2个主要抗原map0862、map2154c中抗原指数高的抗原表位基因,将多表位基因序列合成,与原核表达载体pET28a(+)连接,构建重组质粒pET28a-map0862-2154c。重组质粒转化至大肠杆菌感受态细胞BL21(DE3)中诱导表达,以表达的重组表位蛋白为抗原建立检测牛副结核分枝杆菌抗体的胶体金免疫层析方法(GICA,map0862-2154c-GICA),同时对河北省部分牛场采集的242份副结核病奶牛血样进行血清抗体检测。结果表明,牛副结核分枝杆菌表位蛋白map0862-2154c成功表达,表达产物能与牛副结核分枝杆菌阳性血清反应。临床血清样本检测结果表明,其敏感性、特异性和符合率分别为91.86%(79/86),94.23%(147/156)和93.38%(226/242),该方法可用于牛副结核病的血清抗体检测。     

IP-10作为牛结核病诊断标志物的初步探究

为评价细胞因子IL-12 p40、IP-10和TNF-α转录水平与牛分枝杆菌感染之间的关系,及其在牛结核病诊断中的应用潜力。采集田间筛选的结核病阳性牛、结核病阴性牛以及牛分枝杆菌68002人工感染牛的外周血淋巴细胞,经牛结核菌素(PPDB)、重组蛋白CFP-10-ESAT-6(CE)、MPT63、PET和PBS分别刺激6 h,提取细胞总RNA,用荧光定量PCR检测IL-12 p40、IP-10、IFN-γ和TNF-α的转录水平。结果显示结核病阳性牛的外周血淋巴细胞经PPDB和CE刺激后,其IP-10的m RNA转录水平显著高于结核病阴性牛,且与IFN-γ的m RNA转录水平具有良好的相关性;初步建立牛结核病IFN-γ和IP-10的Real-time PCR检测方法,其对临床阳性样本的检出率分别为71.45%和78.57%。因此,IP-10的m RNA转录水平与牛分枝杆菌的感染相关,有作为牛结核病诊断标志物的潜力。     

奶牛结核病IFN-γ基因的克隆及其在E.coli BL21(DE3)中的高效表达

动物机体内γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)是可被多种物质诱导产生的生物活性蛋白,克隆和诱导表达奶牛结核病IFN-γ蛋白,对于采用ELISA诊断牛结核病有着重要意义。本研究利用RT-PCR方法克隆了奶牛结核病IFN-γ基因,并成功构建了IFN-γ基因的原核表达载体重组质粒pET28a-IFN-γ,转入E.coli BL21(DE3)中进行诱导表达,并对条件进行了优化。SDS-PAGE与Western Blot结果显示,在37℃条件下,0.75mmol/L IPTG诱导4h可见重组蛋白BovIFN-γ大量表达。本研究成功建立了利用原核表达系统获得牛IFN-γ蛋白的方法,对后续利用该蛋白作为免疫原,从而建立ELISA诊断方法奠定了基础。     

Use of recombinant proteins in antibody tests for bovine tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) in cattle remains a major zoonotic and economic problem in many countries. Since the standard diagnostic assay, the intradermal test (IDT) with bovine PPD tuberculin, has less than optimal accuracy in all situations, other diagnostic methods such as serological assays have been investigated. Because of fundamental concerns for the low sensitivity and specificity of previous ELISA protocols, a profiling ELISA with nine purified, recombinant proteins of TB complex mycobacteria, was employed on samples from four groups of cattle: (a) naturally Mycobacterium avium-exposed and experimentally Mycobacterium bovis-infected, (b) officially-certified TB-free herds, (c) exposed to M. bovis in two field TB outbreaks and scored as bovine reactors in the gamma-IFN assay for bovine TB, (d) paratuberculosis (para TB)-infected. The described ELISA proved to be highly specific. In fact, the antibody (Ab) response could be consistently detected in 3 out of 3 endotracheally-infected calves and in 1 out of 3 contact-infected calves. There was also a very low prevalence of low-titered, non-specific Ab responses in paraTB-infected animals. As for the animals exposed to field TB outbreaks, 16 out of 28 gamma-IFN positive cattle were also Ab-positive; importantly, 7 out of 12 gamma-IFN positive, IDT-negative cattle showed Ab responses to TB proteins. In general, the profile of the Ab response varied among animals; the reaction to single recombinant antigens was sometimes transient and fluctuating, whereas the panel of antigens on the whole was indeed more effective in Ab detection.     

结核分枝杆菌疫源追踪的基因检测分析

目的探讨牛源性人结核疫源追踪的基因分析方法。方法采用复方PCR结核杆菌快速鉴定技术,针对特征性分枝杆菌标志基因(MTP40基因、α抗原基因和IS6110),对结核病人和患牛的标本,进行检测。结果患者标本结核分枝杆菌阳性;患牛标本牛分枝杆菌和结核分枝杆菌分别阳性。结论结核病奶牛不仅是人类牛型结核的可能来源,也可能成为人类人型结核的潜在来源。     

基于iTRAQ定量蛋白质组学技术的不同感染状态结核病牛血清蛋白质组学分析

为了探明不同感染状态结核病牛血清蛋白质水平的差异,揭示结核病牛在不同感染状态下的生理状态.本研究通过皮内变态反应、IFN-γ释放试验从临床筛选结核病阳性牛(TB)和阴性牛(NC),根据牛鼻拭子巢式PCR检测结果将临床阳性牛(TB)分为PCR阳性结核病牛(TBP)和PCR阴性结核病牛(TBN),每组20头,采集血清.应用...     

Performance of immunochromatographic and ELISA tests for detecting fallow deer infected with Mycobacterium bovis

Fallow deer (Dama dama) are widely distributed as natural or naturalised populations, as well as in game parks and deer farms. We used 157 fallow deer sampled in populations considered to be Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) free and 73 Mycobacterium bovis-infected fallow deer confirmed postmortem by culture to evaluate the diagnostic performance of two tests for the detection of anti-mycobacterial antibodies: the dual path platform (DPP) VetTB assay and the bovine purified protein derivative (bPPD) ELISA. We also compared their sensitivity with that of the skin test, analyzed the effect of haemolysis degree on the antibody detection and described the relationship between the test readings and presence/absence of gross tuberculosis (TB) compatible lesions. Sensitivity of bPPD ELISA was 51% at a specificity of 96%. Depending on the cut-off value selected, the sensitivity of DPP VetTB ranged from 62 to 71%, while its specificity was 88-95%. In the subgroup of M. bovis-infected deer for which the skin test data were available (33 of 73); this method detected 76% of culture-positive animals, although the specificity of the intradermal test was not determined in this study. When the DPP VetTB and skin test data were combined, the resulting sensitivity obtained in this sub-group of M. bovis-infected deer increased to 97%. Gross pathology identified TB compatible lesions (TBL) in 89% culture-confirmed fallow deer. The infected animals with visible lesions had significantly higher readings in the DPP VetTB, but not in the bPPD ELISA. Only high levels of haemolysis decreased antibody test sensitivity and this effect was more evident for the bPPD ELISA. The results allowed inferring a number of management recommendations for rapid detection of MTC infection in live fallow deer and in surveys on hunter-harvested cervids.     

Use of mycobacterial peptides and recombinant proteins for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis in skin test-positive cattle

More accurate tests are required to test cattle which have reacted positively in the tuberculin skin test. For this purpose, a range of mycobacterial antigens, MPB59, MPB64, MPB70, MPB83, ESAT-6 and CFP10, were used either as recombinant proteins or as synthetic peptides in the whole blood interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) test. Groups of uninfected cattle with typical 'non-specificity' problems were targeted, in particular animals with skin tuberculosis, animals vaccinated against Johne's disease and animals that were positive in the standard purified protein derivative (PPD)-based IFN-gamma test. The two study groups consisted of 74 Mycobacterium bovis-culture positive animals and 72 uninfected animals, all of which tested positive in the caudal fold tuberculin skin test eight to 28 days before the blood test. The use of combinations of ESAT-6 and CFP10 antigens, either as recombinant proteins or peptides, detected similar percentages of M bovis-infected animals as the PPD-based IFN-gamma test, but produced significantly fewer false positive reactions. The PPD-based IFN-gamma test was very effective in differentiating animals vaccinated against Johne's disease that were skin-test positive from those with bovine tuberculosis, and the use of PPD or specific mycobacterial antigens minimised the number of false positive reactions in animals with skin tuberculosis.     

Progress in the development of vaccines and diagnostic reagents to control tuberculosis in cattle

The sharp rise of bovine tuberculosis (TB) in Great Britain and the continuing problem of wild life reservoirs in countries such as New Zealand and Great Britain have resulted in increased research efforts into the disease. Two of the goals of this research are to develop (1) cattle vaccines against TB and (2) associated diagnostic reagents that can differentiate between vaccinated and infected animals (differential diagnosis). This review summarises recent progress and describes efforts to increase the protective efficacy of the only potential TB vaccine currently available, Mycobacterium bovis BCG, and to develop specific reagents for differential diagnosis. Vaccination strategies based on DNA or protein subunit vaccination, vaccination with live viral vectors as well as heterologous prime-boost scenarios are discussed. In addition, we outline results from studies aimed at developing diagnostic reagents to allow the distinction of vaccinated from infected animals, for example antigens that are not expressed by vaccines like Mycobacterium bovis Bacille-Calmette-Guérin, but recognised strongly in Mycobacterium bovis infected cattle.     

Detection of Mycobacterium bovis infection and production of interleukin-2 by in vitro stimulation of badger lymphocytes

The Eurasian badger (Meles meles) is considered to be an important wildlife reservoir for Mycobacterium bovis infection of cattle in Ireland and in GB. However, rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis in live badgers has been constrained through a lack of suitable immuno-diagnostic reagents for detection of M. bovis-infected animals. To date, there have been no reports of cytokine activity in badgers that might be associated with specific immune responses to M. bovis infection. In this study, nine badgers were removed from an area with a persistent tuberculosis problem in cattle herds and tuberculosis was confirmed in four of the animals by "post-mortem" examination and M. bovis culture. In preliminary investigations of interleukin-2 (IL-2) activity, we were able to demonstrate that lymphoblasts prepared from badger peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) proliferated when cultured in the presence of human recombinant IL-2 (HrIL-2). Supernatants derived from purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD-bovine) stimulated PBMC cultures also induced blastogenesis of badger-derived lymphoblasts. The results demonstrate that badger lymphocytes are responsive to HrIL-2 and that PPD-bovine stimulation of badger PBMC results in production of bio-active IL-2.     

Improved immunogenicity of DNA vaccination with mycobacterial HSP65 against bovine tuberculosis by protein boosting

A scientific review for the government of the United Kingdom has recommended that the development of a cattle vaccine against bovine tuberculosis holds the best prospects to control this disease in the national herd. As BCG vaccination of cattle results in variable degrees of protection, novel vaccine strategies that could replace or supplement BCG are required. In this study, the mycobacterial antigen HSP65 was used to determine whether priming cattle with a plasmid DNA vaccine and subsequently boosting with the recombinant protein in adjuvant (heterologous prime-boost approach) would result in improved and more homogenous immune responses over immunising with plasmid DNA or protein in adjuvant alone. The results demonstrated that strong, and compared to protein or DNA vaccination protocols alone, more homogenous, cellular immune responses were induced in cattle vaccinated with the prime-boost regimen. In addition, DNA prime-protein boost vaccination as well as protein vaccination resulted in stronger humoral immune responses with a balanced IgG profile compared to DNA vaccination alone. Importantly, none of the vaccination protocols sensitised cattle to the intradermal tuberculin test suggesting that TB subunit vaccines can be designed to allow the continued use of the tuberculin test to discriminate between vaccinated cattle and those infected with Mycobacterium bovis.     

Diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis infection in calves sensitized by mycobacteria of the avium/intracellulare group

Because of the frequent exposure of cattle to mycobacteria of the avium/intracellulare group, an investigation was carried out into the possible repercussions thereof on the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. Three calves from a bovine tuberculosis-free herd, scored avian reactors in the gamma-interferon assay for bovine tuberculosis, were sedated and inoculated endotracheally with a virulent Mycobacterium bovis strain. Then, three other avian reactors were housed with the above donor calves. Mycobacterium bovis was isolated from the nasal swabs of the three endotracheally infected, donor calves. On these samples, TB complex-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests for IS6110 were also positive, albeit with a different time kinetics. The three contact-infected calves showed clear immunological signs of infection; however, their nasal swabs were always PCR-negative and only Mycobacterium avium was isolated. In the endotracheally infected donor calves there was a rise of the gamma-interferon responses to avian and bovine purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculins, which reached the same stable plateau levels over the whole experiment. The above effect was also observed in the contact-infected calves, even though the response to avian PPD tuberculin always remained at a higher level. By using conventional bovine and avian PPD tuberculins, the comparative intradermal test was generally positive in endotracheally infected, as opposed to contact-infected calves; a positive intradermal test for M. bovis was obtained in two contact-infected calves by different bovine PPD tuberculins based on M. bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) secreted or somatic antigens. It was concluded that M. bovis infection may be concealed for some time in cattle sensitized by mycobacteria of the avium/intracellulare group and that different diagnostic procedures should be adopted for such animals.