转植酸酶基因玉米对肉仔鸡血液生理生化指标和免疫功能的影响

试验旨在研究转植酸酶基因玉米对肉仔鸡血液生理生化指标和免疫功能的影响。采用单因子完全随机设计,将160只1日龄AA肉仔公雏鸡分成2组,分别为对照组和试验组,每组10个重复笼,每个重复笼8只鸡。对照组饲喂非转植酸酶基因亲本玉米日粮,试验组饲喂转植酸酶基因玉米日粮,两组鸡在试验期间饲喂日粮中的可利用磷等所有养分含量均相等或相近。试验期为42 d,分为1~21和22~42日龄2个饲养阶段。结果显示,试验组与对照组相比,42日龄肉仔鸡的血液生理生化指标、免疫器官指数、血清新城疫抗体滴度和全血T淋巴细胞转化率均无显著差异(P＞0.05);21日龄肉仔鸡的血清新城疫抗体滴度也无显著差异(P＞0.05)。因此,转植酸酶基因玉米日粮对肉仔鸡未产生不良影响,可安全饲喂于肉仔鸡。     

不同酿酒酵母细胞壁对断奶仔猪早期生长性能及免疫的影响

为探究不同酿酒酵母细胞壁对断奶仔猪早期生长性能及免疫性能的影响,试验选取28日龄的杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪72头,按平均体重相近似、公母各半的原则分为3个处理组,每组4个重复,每个重复1栏猪,每栏公母各3头猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组1饲喂基础日粮+2 kg/t酿酒酵母细胞壁A,试验组2饲喂基础日粮+2 kg/t酿酒酵母细胞壁B,试验期为14 d。结果显示：各试验组的断奶仔猪平均日增重（ADG）较对照组略高,料重比（F/G）较对照组略低,差异不显著（P ＞ 0.05）|试验组1的仔猪腹泻率较对照组下降69.83%,差异显著（P ＜ 0.05%）,试验组2的仔猪腹泻率较对照组下降25.14%,差异不显著（P ＞ 0.05）|试验组2的猪血清中球蛋白含量较对照组高36.9%,差异显著（P ＜ 0.05）,试验组1的猪血清中球蛋白较对照组高19.48%,差异不显著（P ＞ 0.05）。综上,在本试验条件下,添加2 kg/t酿酒酵母细胞壁A对缓解断奶仔猪早期腹泻效果最佳,添加2 kg/t酿酒酵母细胞壁B,提升断奶仔猪早期免疫性能效果最佳。 [关键词] 酿酒酵母细胞壁|断奶仔猪|生长性能|免疫性能|腹泻率     

转Bt玉米对育肥五指山猪生长性能及养分消化率的影响

试验旨在研究转Bt玉米对育肥五指山猪生长性能及养分消化率的影响。选取6月龄遗传背景相近、初始体重(29.83±1.67)kg、健康育肥五指山猪32头,随机分为2个处理组,每个处理组设4个重复,每个重复4头。分别饲喂转Bt玉米(试验组)和非转基因玉米(对照组)日粮。试验为期60 d。结果表明:1试验组的末重、日增重、采食量及料重比均与对照组间差异不显著(P0.05);2两组总能、干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、钙和磷的表观消化率间都未达到显著差异的水平(P0.05)。综合认为,转Bt玉米对育肥五指山猪的生长性能及养分消化率未产生负面影响。     

葡萄籽对仔猪生长性能、相关理化指标及抗氧化研究

为了探讨葡萄籽对仔猪生长性能、血液相关理化指标及氧化应激的影响,试验选取仔猪24头,分为2组,每组2个重复,每个重复6头猪.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂用葡萄籽粉替代2％玉米的日粮.结果表明：试验组在平均日增重方面高于对照组,料重比方面低于对照组.试验组在总蛋白与白蛋白水平方面均高于对照组;尿素氮水平,试验组略低于对照组;甘油三酯水平试验组较对照组降低24.64％,差异显著（P＜0.05）.试验组的总抗氧化能力与超氧化物岐化酶水平均高于对照组,差异显著（P＜0.05）;MDA含量试验组较对照组略低.     

微生态制剂对猪生产性能及粪中微生物的影响

选用84头20 kg左右的生长猪,随机分为两个组,每个组3个重复,每重复14头.对照组饲喂添加抗生素200 mg/kg的日粮,试验组饲喂添加0.1%微生态制剂的日粮,试验期为28 d.试验结果表明,与对照组相比较,试验组生长猪的平均日采食量和平均日增重有增加的趋势(P＞0.05),平均料肉比降低了0.34(P＞0.05),腹泻率降低了4.94%(P＜0.01);在提高生长猪日粮养分消化率方面,微生态制剂具有与抗生素相同的作用(P＞0.05);粪样中的大肠杆菌数量显著降低(P＜0.05),同时粪样中乳酸菌和双歧杆菌数量都有升高的趋势(P＞0.05).     

添加70％发酵红薯对高坡黑猪生长及肉质指标的影响

为研究添加高比例发酵红薯替代部分精料对高坡黑猪育肥猪生长、胴体和肉质性能的影响,选择6月龄、体重(62. 4±3.5)kg高坡黑猪24头,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组2个重复,每个重复6头。试验组饲喂70%发酵红薯+30%全价日粮,对照组饲喂全价日粮,进行120 d饲喂试验,然后屠宰进行生长性能、胴体肉质指标测定。结果:在基础日粮中添加70%发酵红薯可显著降低猪生长性能,试验组料重比显著高于对照组81.53%(P0.05);对猪胴体性状也有显著影响,试验组平均背膘厚显著高于对照组13.41%(P0.05),眼肌面积显著低于对照组8.25%(P0.05);能在一定程度上提高猪肉色红度值,降低滴水损失,改善猪肉品质,但差异不显著(P0.05)。结论:在基础日粮中添加70%发酵红薯可显著降低高坡黑猪的生长性能,降低养殖效益,但对肉质指标无不良影响。     

复合微生态制剂对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

为研究复合微生态制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻率等的影响,试验选取48头杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分为2组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加0.1%的复合微生态制剂,每组3个重复,每个重复8头猪。饲养试验为期21 d。试验结果表明：（1）试验组与对照组相比,平均日增重显著提高（P＜0.05）,两组日采食量差异不显著（P＞0.05）。与对照组相比,试验组饲料增重比降低12.35%（P＜0.05）;（2）与对照组相比,添加复合微生态制剂的试验组发病率降低39.53%,腹泻率降低75.34%,均差异极显著（P＜0.01）。由此可见,日粮中添加复合微生态制剂能够减少断奶仔猪的腹泻率,提高其生长性能。     

可溶性干酒糟（DDS）在育肥猪日粮中的应用研究

研究了可溶性干酒糟（DDS）作为饲料原料对生长育肥猪生长性能的影响。选用72头健康体重约70 kg的三元育肥猪,随机分成2个处理组,每个处理组2个重复,每个重复18头猪,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂含40%DDS的试验日粮,试验正式期20 d。结果显示,与对照组相比,试验组育肥猪的平均日增重、平均采食量和料肉比方面无明显差异（P>0.05）,从经济效益分析来看,与对照组相比,试验组猪在日采食成本和日增重成本方面分别下降了1.41元/kg和1.50元/kg,整个育肥周期每头猪可多获利约75元。试验证实在生长育肥猪的日粮中添加DDS能够完全满足育肥猪的生长需要,并可降低养殖成本,进一步提高经济效益。     

复合植物提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能和血清指标的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添加假蒟和番石榴叶复合提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能和血清指标的影响.选择200头21日龄断奶仔猪,随机分为2组,每组5个重复,每个重复20头猪.对照组仔猪饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加200mg/kg的复合植物提取物.试验期21 d.结果 显示,各组仔猪生长性能无显著差异(P＞0.05).与对照组相...     

转Bt基因糙米对断奶仔猪潜在致敏性的安全评价

试验旨在研究转Bt(bacillus thuringiensis)基因糙米对断奶仔猪的致敏性。选用30头21日龄的"大×白"断奶仔猪,随机分为2组,对照组日粮中添加70%的亲本非转基因糙米,试验组日粮中添加70%的转Bt基因糙米,试验期30d。在试验第7d和28d采血,试验第25d利用Bt基因在水稻中表达的Cry1Ac杀虫蛋白的标准品进行仔猪的皮肤试敏试验。结果表明,对两组糙米的氨基酸水平进行了检测和对比分析,发现两组糙米的氨基酸水平差异不显著(P0.05);通过对仔猪血清免疫球蛋白E、组织胺含量;血浆中二胺氧化酶活性及D-乳酸含量;唾液皮质醇含量等的检测,结果显示两组间这五个指标均差异不显著(P0.05);利用Cry1Ac的蛋白标准品对仔猪进行的皮肤试敏试验,结果显示两组均无红斑产生。由试验结果可见,在本试验条件下,转Bt基因的糙米对仔猪无明显的致敏性。     

转基因糙米对肉仔鸡消化能力及血液生化指标和器官发育的影响

将96只1日龄肉仔鸡随机分成2组,一组饲喂含转基因糙米日粮,一组饲喂含非转基因糙米日粮,试验期42d。测定肉仔鸡18～21日龄和39～42日龄日粮粗蛋白表观消化率和表观代谢能;43日龄心脏采血制备血清,测定其中谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶、γ-谷氨酰转移酶的酶活性,尿酸以及甲状腺素T3、T4的含量;屠宰后测定器官指数并做显微切片。结果表明:两阶段肉仔鸡日粮蛋白质表观消化率和表观代谢能在2组之间没有差异(P>0.05);血清生化指标在2组之间没有差异(P>0.05);显微镜下观察组织切片没有发现病理变化。结果显示,转基因糙米对肉仔鸡的消化能力和健康状况在试验期内未产生明显的有害影响。     

日粮中添加不同水平玉米胚芽粕对育肥猪生产性能、血清生化指标及营养物质表观消化率的影响

This experiment was to study the effects of corn germ meal in different levels on use value of finishing pigs.120 health PIC piglets aged 45 days with similar body weight （17±2.1）kg were randomly divided into 4 groups of 5 replicates for each group and 6 pigs for each replicates （male and female were the same in each replicate）.Control group was fed basic diet,group one to three were fed diets containing different amounts of corn germ meal （5%，10% and 15%） with the same concentration of the main nutrient items.The results showed that compared with the control group，feed conversion rate in group one was no significant difference （P＞0.05），feed conversion rate in group two had a significantly decreased （P＜0.05），feed conversion rate in group three was significantly increased （P＜0.05)，average daily feed intake in control group was significantly lower than that in other groups （P＜0.05），and there were no significant differences in daily feed intake among experimental groups （P＞0.05）.With the corn germ meal level increasing，the daily feed intake was increased slightly.Group one and group two had a tendency to reduce the serum urea nitrogen content，but group two had a significant difference （P＜0.05），the content of serum urea nitrogen in group three was increased significantly （P＜0.05），there were no significant differences in serum albumin，total protein and glucose levels among all groups （P＞0.05）. Compared with the control group，the apparent digestibility of crude protein and crude fiber in group one had no significant differences （P＞0.05）.The apparent digestibility of crude protein and crude fiber in group two increased significantly （P＜0.05）,and the apparent digestibility of crude protein and crude fiber in group three decreased significantly （P＜0.05）.There were no significant differences in the apparent digestibility of crude fat and crude ash compared with the control group （P＞0.05）.Theses results indicate that the best supplementation level of corn germ meal was 10%，the anti-nutritional factors of corn germ meal may be the cellulose.     

葛根粉对生长猪生产性能的影响

为了探讨葛根粉对生长猪生产性能的影响,选用平均体重26．86±2．06kg的杜×长×大三元杂交健康猪144头,随机分成4个处理组,每个处理6个重复,每个重复（圈）6头。处理Ⅰ组为不添加抗生素的负对照组,处理Ⅱ组为添加抗生素的正对照组,处理Ⅲ组、处理Ⅳ组为试验组分别添加5．0％、5．5％葛根粉。结果表明：日粮中添加5．0％、5．5％葛根粉的试验组日增重、饲料转化效率与添加抗生素的正对照组差异不显著,日增重显著高于不添加抗生素的负对照组（P〈0．05）。     

低蛋白日粮对生长猪生长性能和腹泻率的影响

本研究旨在探讨低蛋白日粮对生长猪生长性能和腹泻率的影响。试验选取初始体重为16kg左右的三元（杜×长×大）健康生长猪66头,采用单因子试验设计,分为对照组和试验组,每组设3个重复,每个重复11头;对照组日粮按照NRC（1998）推荐营养需要量配制,试验组在NRC推荐日粮粗蛋白水平上降低3.8个百分点,试验期30d。结果表明,试验组日增重比对照组增加了23．4g,提高幅度为4．6％（P〈0．05）;料肉比降低了0．22,降低幅度为10．8％（P〈0．05）;试验组腹泻率与对照组相比,有下降趋势,但无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。说明使用低蛋白日粮能提高生长猪的生长性能和饲料转化率,并在一定程度上能减少仔猪腹泻。     

日粮中添加中草药制剂对育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质的影响

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of adding Chinese herbal medicine in diets on growth performance,carcass traits and meat quality of finishing pigs.A total of 60 crossbred (Duroc×(Landrace×Yorkshire)) finishing pigs with an average body weight of (61.87±0.90)kg were randomly divided into 2 groups with 3 replicates in each group and each replicate contained 10 finishing pigs (the ratio of male and female was equal).The control group was fed with the basal diet without antibiotics,the experimental group was fed the basal diets supplemented with 0.1% Chinese herbal medicine.The experimental period lasted for 42 days.The results showed that compared with the control group,ADFI and ADG of experimental group were improved （P＞0.05）,F/G of experimental group was decreased （P＞0.05）,whereas the diarrhea rate and morbidity of experimental group were highly significantly reduced （P＜0.01）. Experimental group increased the carcass weight,dressing percentage,leanness,long body straight,body length,loin muscle area by 1.28%,1.80%,0.16%,0.50%,0.80% and 1.46%,respectively,and the thickness of backfat and skin in experimental group were decreased by 1.11% and 4.16%,respectively,but there were no significant differences between 2 groups （P＞0.05）.The suet rate in experimental group was significantly decreased than those in control group （P＜0.05）,kidney weight ratio and pancreatic weight ratio were increased significantly （P＜0.05）,and other indexes were no significant differences between 2 groups （P＞0.05）.Compared with the control group,the water holding capacity in experimental group had an increasing trend (P＞0.05),tenderness in experimental group was significantly reduced (P＜0.05) and the meat color was also improved.It was indicated that adding 0.1% Chinese herbal medicine in diets could promote growth performance and improve carcass traits and meat quality of finishing pigs.     

微生物发酵饲料对蛋鸡肠道菌群和氮磷排泄率的影响

选择42周龄海兰褐蛋鸡480只,随机分为4组,每组设5个重复。对照A组饲喂基础日粮;试验B、C、D组分别为每100kg基础日粮中添加微生物发酵饲料5kg、10kg、15kgo预试期为14d,正试期为42d。试验结果表明：①各试验组肠道中乳酸杆菌数量显著提高（P〈0．05）,大肠杆菌数量显著降低（P〈0．05）;②各试验组的氮排泄率均有下降,其中C组下降最明显（P〈0．05）,磷排泄率均有下降的趋势,但差异不显著（P〉0．05）。以上结果表明,微生物发酵饲料可以明显改善蛋鸡的肠道微生态平衡,降低氮磷排泄率;添加量以每100kg基础日粮中添加微生物发酵饲料lOkg为最佳。     

Potential use of ground brown rice for weanling pigs

The purpose of the current study was to assess the effects of substituting corn with ground brown rice on growth performance, immune status, and gut microbiota in weanling pigs. Seventy-two weanling pigs (28 d old with 6.78 ± 0.94 kg body weight [BW]) were randomly allotted to two dietary treatments with six pens and six pigs (three barrows and gilts) per pen within a randomized complete block design. The control pigs were fed a typical diet for weanling pigs based on corn and soybean meal diet (control diet: CON), and the other pigs were fed a formulated diet with 100% replacement of corn with ground brown rice for 35d (treatment diet: GBR). Growth performance, immune status, and gut microbiota of weanling pigs were measured. The substitution of corn with GBR did not affect growth performance or diarrhea frequency. Additionally, there were no differences in white blood cell number, hematocrit, cortisol, C-reactive protein, and serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels between pigs fed CON or GBR for the first 2 wk after weaning. However, weanling pigs fed GBR had lower (P < 0.05) serum transforming growth factor-beta 1 level than those fed CON. Furthermore, weanling pigs fed GBR had increased (P < 0.05) relative abundance of phylum Firmicutes and genus Lactobacillus and Streptococcus and decreased (P < 0.05) relative abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes and genus Clostridium and Prevotella in the gut microbiota compared with those fed CON. In conclusion, there was no significant difference in growth performance when corn was replaced with ground brown rice in diets for weanling pigs. Furthermore, the substitution of corn with ground brown rice in weaning diet modulated immune status and gut microbiota of pigs by increasing beneficial microbial communities and reducing harmful microbial communities. Overall, ground brown rice-based diet is a potential alternative to corn-based diet without negative effects on growth performance, immune status, and gut microbiota changes of weanling pigs.     

不同剂量硒蛋白粉对大鼠血常规指标和血液生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究不同剂量硒蛋白粉对大鼠血常规指标及血液生化指标的影响。选择平均体重为70 g的健康清洁级SD大鼠80只,随机分为4组,每组2个重复,每个重复10只,雌、雄各半。对照组饲喂基础日粮,低、中和高剂量组分别饲喂添加3.5、7和10.5 mg/kg硒蛋白粉的日粮（其含量以硒计）,试验期30 d。结果表明,低、中和高剂量组大鼠血常规指标与对照组相比差异均不显著（P＞0.05）;低、中和高剂量组大鼠血清中血糖、总蛋白含量与对照组相比差异均不显著（P＞0.05）,低剂量组大鼠血清中甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白含量均显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）;中剂量组大鼠血清中白蛋白/球蛋白及甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白含量均显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）,而谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶水平均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）;高剂量组大鼠血清中白蛋白、白蛋白/球蛋白、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白含量均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）,而球蛋白、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、尿素氮、肌酐、高密度脂蛋白含量均显著升高（P＜0.05）。综上所述,不同剂量硒蛋白粉对大鼠血常规指标无不良影响,低剂量硒蛋白粉除具有降低大鼠血脂作用外对大鼠其他血液生化指标均无不良影响,中、高剂量硒蛋白粉对大鼠的部分血液生化指标有一定影响。     

粗纤维和赖氨酸水平对生长期豫南黑猪的影响

本试验旨在探讨饲粮中不同粗纤维和赖氨酸水平对生长期豫南黑猪生长性能、血清生化指标及营养物质表观消化率的影响.试验选取162头体重为30 kg左右的豫南黑猪,采用3（CF：4％、5.5％、7％）×3（lys：0.75％、0.85％、0.95％）两因子交叉完全随机设计,共设9个处理,每个处理3个重复,每重复6头猪.通过测定其生长性能、血清生化指标及营养物质表观消化率,确定生长期豫南黑猪的最佳粗纤维和赖氨酸水平.结果表明：不同粗纤维和赖氨酸水平对生长期豫南黑猪平均日采食量（ADFI）、平均日增重（ADG）和料重比（F/G）均无显著影响（P＞0.05）;粗纤维和赖氨酸水平分别为7％、0.75％时,料重比最低（P＜0.05）;粗纤维和赖氨酸水平分别为5.5％、0.85％时血清中游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（FREET3）水平最高（P＜0.05）.饲粮中添加粗纤维使营养物质表观消化率下降,但通过适量比例的粗纤维和赖氨酸的合理添加,对饲粮中能量、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、Ca和P的表观消化率无显著影响（P＞0.05）.上述结果提示,30～60 kg生长期豫南黑猪的饲粮适宜粗纤维水平和赖氨酸水平分别为7％和0.75％.     

酵母培养物和黄霉素对育肥猪饲用效果的比较研究

选取健康、体重约56kg的杜x长×大育肥猪64头,将其分为对照组和试验组,每组32头。对照组猪饲粮为基础饲粮加黄霉素20mg／kg,试验组猪饲粮为基础饲粮加酵母培养物O．15％,比较研究酵母培养物和黄霉素对育肥猪的饲用效果。结果表明：①对照组猪腹泻频次为4;试验组猪健康状况良好。②试验组猪日均增重显著快于对照组猪（P〈...