高效盖草能棉田除草效果试验

高效盖草能棉田除草效果试验李金梅，赵建军（新疆石河子市植保植检站８３２０１１）高效盖草能（ＧａｌｌａｎｔＳｕｐｅｒ）是一种叶面喷雾的苗后除草剂，主要防治对象是阔叶作物田中的禾木科杂草。我们于今年６月在棉田进行了不同浓度的高效盖草能药效试验，现总结如下...     

山东省农药研究所“除草剂高效氟吡甲禾灵中试”通过鉴定

2005年3月13日，山东省农药研究所承担的省科技厅项目“除草剂高效氟吡甲禾灵(高效盖草能)中试”在山东济南通过鉴定。高效氟吡甲禾灵(haloxyfop-P-methyl)是一种苯氧羧酸类除草剂，是脂肪酸合成抑制剂，属新一代氟代杂环高效除草剂，由美国陶氏公司开发并已在中国获登记，商品名为10．8％高效盖草能乳油。     

几种除草剂防除油菜田杂草试验报告

试验采用高效盖草能,盖草灵,精克草能,双草克,油磺隆５种除草剂防除油菜田杂草,结果表明均对单子叶杂草有较好的防除效果,以高效益草能效果最佳。油磺隆对牛繁缕等双子叶杂草防治效果最佳。     

盖草能在杨树、杉木苗圃中化学除草技术的研究

杨树、杉木苗圃的杂草防除是育苗工作的一项重要生产环节,每年为防除杂草投入的人力和财力相当可观。除草若不及时则很容易形成草荒,轻者影响苗木生长,降低苗木等级,重则造成苗木废弃,这是在育苗中急待解决的普遍问题。盖草能(Gallant)是美国陶氏公司70年代中期研制的一种新型苗后选择性内吸型除草剂,用于植物叶面处理,能够有效地防除一年生和多年生禾本科杂草,在很多作物上应用获得成功。为探讨盖草能在林业上的应用前景,尤其是在杨树、杉木苗圃的应用技术,从1985     

10%盖草灵的特性及施用技术

１０％盖草灵乳油是江苏丰山集团开发生产的新一代旱田除草剂,已在江苏、河北、山东、安徽、湖北等大面积推广使用,对阔叶作物田内的禾本科杂草具有显著的防治效果,并略优于美国陶氏益农公司的高效盖草能的防效。１主要特性１．１高效据各地试验示范的结果表明,该药防...     

几种除草剂混用对亚麻田杂草的防除效果

对3种混用除草剂防除南方亚麻田杂草进行了试验。试验结果表明,金都乐+2甲4氯钠、金都乐+高效盖草能、乙草胺+烯草酮3种混用除草剂可有效扩大杀草谱,提高防除效果,可以在南方亚麻田推广应用。     

高效盖草能加助剂对野黍防除效果的评价

10．8％高效盖草能乳油是美国陶氏益农公司开发的防除禾本科杂草的除草剂，用于大豆等阔叶作物田进行苗后茎叶处理。野黍[Diochloa villosa (Thunb．)Kunth]是一年生禾本科杂草，与稗草等其他禾本科杂草相比，     

新一代的防除油菜田禾本科杂草除草剂──10．8％高效盖草能EC

新一代的防除油菜田禾本科杂草除草剂──１０．８％高效盖草能ＥＣ湖北省植保总站（４３００７０）韩厚安近几年，我省油菜田防除禾本科杂草看麦娘使用的品种较多，其中１２．５％盖草能ＥＣ，已为大家所熟悉，由于其效果好，受到农民的喜爱，已成为我省油菜田的主要除草...     

稻茬免耕油菜田早熟禾危害损失及生态经济阈值研究

油菜是通州市主要油料作物，常年种植面积2．67万hm^2左右。近年来，随着高效盖草能等除草剂的连年大量使用，油菜田草相发生了显著变化，硬草、看麦娘发生密度逐年下降，早熟禾已成为我市油菜田的主要恶性杂草，不仅发生面广，     

阔叶类作物禾本科杂草的克星——高效盖草能

1　杀草机理高效盖草能是美国陶氏益农公司研发的应用于阔叶作物防除禾木科杂草的超高活性苗后选择性除草剂。茎叶处理后能很快被杂草的茎叶所吸收 ,传导至整个植株 ,积累于植物分生组织 ,抑制杂草体内乙酰辅酶Ａ羧化酶 ,导致脂肪酸合成受阻而杀死杂草。喷洒落入土壤中的药剂 ,易被植物根部吸收 ,也能起杀草作用。与同类除草剂相比 ,高效盖草能活性高 ,药效稳定 ,受低温、干旱和雨水等不利环境影响小 ,对苗后到分蘖、抽穗初期的一年生和多年生禾本科杂草有很好的防除效果 ,对作物安全。2　使用范围不仅用于大豆、花生、棉花和油菜 (已取得登…     

防治杨树溃疡病内生菌的分离筛选及鉴定

为筛选到对杨树溃疡病有良好生防效果的拮抗菌,采用平板对峙法初筛、发酵液“三明治”法和改良琼脂扩散法复筛,以及离体组织试验对杨树不同部位组织的内生菌进行了分离筛选,并对目的菌株进行了防治效果测定;采用形态学观察和ITS序列及其系统发育树分析对其进行初步鉴定。结果表明从115株杨树内生菌中筛选出有拮抗效果的菌株24株,并复筛出拮抗效果良好的菌株5株,最终从杨树内生菌中筛选出1株杨树溃疡病拮抗真菌,编号为YGF9,其对杨树离体组织溃疡病防治效果可达76.47%,初步鉴定该菌株为黄绿木霉Trichoderma aureoviride。表明菌株YGF9可有效抑制杨树溃疡病病原菌的生长,是防治杨树溃疡病的潜在生防菌株。     

几种除草剂对胡麻田裸燕麦(莜麦)、皮燕麦的防除效果

本文开展了唑啉草酯等7种除草剂对胡麻田裸燕麦、皮燕麦的防除试验研究,结果表明,在胡麻株高5~7cm,裸燕麦、皮燕麦3~5叶期施药,50g/L唑啉草酯乳油、108g/L高效氟吡甲禾灵乳油、15%精吡氟禾草灵乳油、240g/L烯草酮乳油和10%精喹禾灵乳油有效成分剂量分别为90、145.8、315、432和90g/hm2时,药后45d对裸燕麦的株防效达95.39%以上,鲜重防效达97.21%以上,胡麻增产率在82.79%以上;50g/L唑啉草酯乳油、108g/L高效氟吡甲禾灵乳油、15%精吡氟禾草灵乳油、15%炔草酯可湿性粉剂、10%精喹禾灵乳油和12.5%烯禾啶乳油有效成分剂量分别为90、145.8、270、135、90和412.5g/hm2时,药后45d对皮燕麦的株防效在94.66%以上,鲜重防效达96.13%以上,胡麻增产率在80.25%以上,各药在上述剂量下防治裸燕麦和皮燕麦后均对胡麻表现安全,可大面积示范推广。     

Simultaneous monitoring and quantification of Melampsora allii‐populina and Melampsora larici‐populina on infected poplar leaves using a duplex real‐time PCR assay

The rust fungi Melampsora larici‐populina (Mlp) and Melampsora allii‐populina (Map) are the main phytosanitary constraints for commercial poplar cultivation in Europe. Although Mlp is more aggressive and prevalent than Map, the two species may co‐infect the same poplar tree or even the same poplar leaf, making the epidemiological surveys of each species difficult to achieve. In this study, a new duplex real‐time PCR assay targeting each species was developed, based on single‐copy genes. This test proved to be specific, inclusive and was successfully used to detect and quantify each species, starting from urediniospore samples or directly from infected poplar leaves, with or without visible symptoms. This new molecular tool was also assessed for comparative studies of time‐course infection experiments on artificially inoculated poplar leaf discs. These studies showed that the growth dynamics of Map were significantly slower when the two species were co‐inoculated on the same leaf disc, confirming that Map is less aggressive than Mlp.     

冬青卫矛内生放线菌Streptomyces flavofuscus G1 发酵液中抑菌活性成分研究

从冬青卫矛内生放线菌Streptomyces flavofuscus G1的发酵液中分离得到化合物G13和G19。经核磁共振波谱及质谱分析,并结合相关文献,两个化合物分别被鉴定为phencomycin(G13)和4'-deacetyl-(-)-griseusin A(G19)。抑菌活性测定结果表明:G19对水稻白叶枯病菌Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae、铜绿假单孢菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa(1.203 1)、蜡状芽孢杆菌Bacillus cereus(1.184 6)及金黄色葡萄球菌Staphyloccocus aureus(1.008 9)等供试病原细菌具有强烈的抑制作用,其最低抑菌浓度(MIC)值均为1.56μg/m L;对苹果树腐烂病菌Valsa mali和小麦赤霉病菌Fusarium graminearum菌丝生长亦有明显的抑制作用,其IC50值分别为14.70和24.35μg/m L。而G13对植物病原真菌油菜菌核病菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum和苹果树腐烂病菌V.mali菌丝生长有强烈的抑制作用,其IC50值分别为5.21和4.82μg/m L。     

群体感应信号物质对吡咯伯克霍尔德氏菌JK-SH007在杨树内定殖的影响

为了明确杨树溃疡病生防菌吡咯伯克霍尔德氏菌JK-SH007的群体感应系统是否与其内生定殖相关,本文通过群体感应指示菌紫色杆菌CV026和液相色谱串联四级杆飞行时间质谱技术(HPLC-Q-TOF-MS)确定其群体感应信号物质种类,并利用结晶紫染色、菌体回收、GFP标记等技术,研究其群体感应信号物质对该菌株生物膜及在杨树苗内的定殖能力的影响。结果表明,菌株JK-SH007产生的群体感应信号物质为含8个碳原子酰基侧链的辛酰基-L-高丝氨酸内酯(C8-HSL)。群体感应信号物质C8-HSL的添加对该菌株生物膜及在杨树苗内的定殖能力有影响,并且呈现低浓度促进,较高浓度抑制的规律。C8-HSL的添加与菌株JK-SH007生物膜的OD值和菌体量具有显著相关性,相关系数分别为0.923和0.756。当添加1.0%C8-HSL终浓度达到5×10^-8 g/L时,菌株JK-SH007生物膜的形成量达到峰值。荧光显微镜镜检发现,当添加100μL C8-HSL时,杨树组培苗根和茎中GFP荧光标记的菌株JK-SH007的定殖数量明显较CK多。菌株JK-SH007的群体感应与其在杨树内的内生定殖能力密切相关,群体感应信号物质C8-HSL具有增强菌株JK-SH007内生定殖的能力,同时也表明该物质有利于该菌株生防效果的发挥。     

Effects of ultraviolet(UV) radiation and litter layer thickness on litter decomposition of two tree species in a semi-arid site of Northeast China

Forests and grasslands in arid and semi-arid regions receive high-intensity ultraviolet(UV) radiation year-round. However, how the UV radiation affects the litter decomposition on the forest floor remains unclear. Here, we conducted a field-based experiment in 2011 in the southeastern Horqin Sandy Land, Northeast China, to investigate the effects of UV radiation, litter layer thickness, and their interaction on the mass loss and chemical properties of decomposing litter from Xiaozhuan poplar(Populus × xiaozhuanica) and Mongolian pine(Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) plantation trees. We found that UV radiation accelerated the decomposition rates of both the Xiaozhuan poplar litter and Mongolian pine litter. For both species, the thick-layered litter had a lower mass loss than the thin-layered litter. The interaction between UV radiation and litter layer thickness significantly affected the litter mass loss of both tree species. However, the effects of UV radiation on the chemical properties of decomposing litter differed between the two species, which may be attributed to the contrasting initial leaf litter chemical properties and morphology. UV radiation mostly had positive effects on the lignin concentration and lignin/N ratio of Xiaozhuan poplar litter, while it had negative effects on the N concentration of Mongolian pine litter. Moreover, litter layer thickness and its interaction with UV radiation showed mostly positive effects on the N concentration and lignin/N ratio of Xiaozhuan poplar litter and the ratios of C/N and lignin/N of Mongolian pine litter, and mostly negative effects on the C/N ratio of Xiaozhuan poplar litter and the N concentration of Mongolian pine litter. Together, these results reveal the important roles played by UV radiation and litter layer thickness in the process of litter decomposition in this semi-arid region, and highlight how changes in the litter layer thickness can exert strong influences on the photodegradation of litter in tree plantations.     

4种除草剂与助剂安融乐协同防除紫花苜蓿田马唐的研究

为探究高效氟吡甲禾灵?精吡氟禾草灵?烯草酮?精喹禾灵对紫花苜蓿田老根马唐的防除效果及助剂安融乐对上述4种药剂的增效作用, 在室内测定马唐幼苗和成株对4种除草剂及添加助剂的敏感性, 并在田间验证上述4种除草剂与助剂混用对老根马唐的防效?室内结果表明, 成株马唐对高效氟吡甲禾灵?精吡氟禾草灵?烯草酮?精喹禾灵的耐药性增加明显, 其中精喹禾灵的耐药性增加最大; 高效氟吡甲禾灵?精吡氟禾草灵?烯草酮?精喹禾灵与安融乐混配后, 成株马唐的鲜重GR50(有效成分)较单用上述除草剂分别减少16.6%?31.0%?31.5%?6.2%, 其中烯草酮与安融乐混配增效作用最为明显?田间结果表明, 安融乐的加入能提高上述4种除草剂对老根马唐的防效, 其中烯草酮和安融乐混配对老根马唐的增效最优, 株防效和鲜重防效较单用分别增加10.39和8.58百分点, 并显著提高紫花苜蓿产量?     

品种杨W_(46)引种试验初报

从北京大兴县引种的Ｗ４６杨是欧美杨良种无性系,在包头地区经４年的育苗、造林引种试验,表现出生长快,适应性广,抗逆性强的特点。在含盐量０．４３％,有机质０．４８％的造林地上能够正常生长,与当地主栽的杨树小美旱、新疆杨相比,具有明显的优势。对６龄的树木调查,Ｗ４６比同龄的小美旱树高高出２６．６％,地径大６１．３％,胸径大７５．９％。经检验,差异达到极显著水平（Ｐ＝０．０１）。造林后调查,造林成活率达８８％。与原产地Ｗ４６的生长量比较,高、径生长及单株材积相差很小。     

Rhizosphere organic phosphorus fractions of Simon poplar and Mongolian pine plantations in a semiarid sandy land of northeastern China

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of rhizosphere organic phosphorus(P) in soil P supply in semiarid forests and the effects of tree species on rihizosphere organic P. We examined organic P fractions in rhizosphere and bulk soils of mono-specific Simon poplar(Populus simonii) and Mongolian pine(Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) plantations in a semiarid sandy soil of Horqin Sandy Land in Northeast China. Total organic P(TPo) accounted for 76% of total P across the two stands. The concentration of organic P(Po) fractions decreased in the order of Na OH-Po>Res-Po>HCl-Po>Na HCO3-Po in both plantations. The concentration of Na HCO3-Po was 38% and 43% lower in rhizosphere soil than in bulk soil in Simon poplar and Mongolian pine plantations, respectively. In contrast, total P, TPo and Na OH-Po significantly accumulated in rhizosphere soil in Simon poplar plantations, but no change in Mongolian pine plantations. Soil recalcitrant organic P fractions were positively correlated with soil organic carbon. The results suggest that rhizosphere labile organic P was an important source of plant-available P in this semiarid region, but the dynamic of rhizosphere recalcitrant organic P fractions varied with tree species and was correlated to organic carbon dynamics.     

植物提取物、碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠室内对杨树溃疡病菌生长的抑制作用

 采用菌丝生长速率法用金银花的花、黄花蒿的地上部分、蓝桉果实和黄柏果实的乙醇提取物及其不同极性的组分对杨树溃疡病菌菌丝生长的抑制作用进行了测定。以黄柏果实的抗菌活性最强,其次是金银花的花。抗菌活性成分主要存在于金银花的正丁醇组分、黄花蒿的石油醚组分和乙酸乙酯组分、蓝桉的水部分、黄柏的正丁醇组分。当培养基中碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠的浓度分别为8g/L时(对应的pH值分别为10.24和7.71),菌丝生长抑制率分别为100.00%和79.68%。如果用1mol/L氢氧化钠溶液调节培养基的pH值至10.00,菌丝生长抑制率为40.58%。说明碳酸钠或碳酸氢钠对菌丝生长的抑制作用,一方面是由于改变了培养基的pH值,另一方面可能是由于碳酸根和碳酸氢根离子抑制了菌丝的生长。