“补根法”在银杏大树移栽中的应用

银杏生产中常需移栽一些大树,由于移栽时伤根较多,栽后需经3～5年才能慢慢恢复生长,有时因移栽而死树.我们从1994年开始探索解决这一问题的有效途径,经多年试验,补根对提高银杏大树移栽成活率有明显的效果,即在移栽的银杏大树周围栽植多株银杏实生苗,并将梢部嫁接在银杏大树根颈以上20～40cm处,采用这一方法,银杏大树的移栽成活率在98%以上,大大高于常规移栽75%的成活率,银杏树移栽后第2年就能恢复生长.目前这一技术已在我市得到广泛推广.     

银杏树的移植及养护管理

<正>银杏树生长较慢,绿化中大多应用银杏成龄大树,但由于对银杏的生物学特性缺乏了解,移植成活率不高,不仅造成了极大的浪费,也影响了绿化的效果。现将其移植技术及养护要点简介如下。1银杏移植银杏移栽最佳时间应在每年春季3月20日至4月15日之间,这时山东银杏还没有发新叶,体内养分充足,树冠水分蒸发少,有利于运输,带     

银杏大树移植管理技术

银杏俗称白果树,银杏科银杏属,落叶乔木,为我国特产树种,对气候及土壤条件适应广。银杏树体高大挺拔、树势雄伟、树形优美、叶形奇特,春夏季叶色嫩绿,秋季色彩金黄,颇为美观,为著名的观赏树种。近年来,移栽银杏大树已成为加快绿化进度,提高景观效果的重要手段。现就其移植管理技术简述如下：     

城市园林绿化中大树移栽的思考

大树移植是一种快捷的绿化方式,能有效缩短绿化周期,只要保证移植大树的成活率,绿化效果就能立竿见影。文章在分析影响大树移栽成活率因素的基础上,提出提高大树移栽成活率的措施。     

浅谈园林绿化中的大树移植

大树移栽作为园林绿化的一种主要绿化措施,还存在着许多需要逐步完善的地方,对大树移栽的原理及其大树的选择、移栽的技术措施、移栽的时间、移栽的方法等方面进行了细致的阐述,以供广大园林绿化人员参考。     

园林建设工程大树移栽施工技术分析

大树移栽是城市园林绿化的一项重要内容,在对大树移栽成活率低的原因进行分析的基础上,从移栽前的准备、大树移栽的施工技术以及栽后管理3个方面对大树移栽施工技术进行了分析研究,最后指出了提高大树移栽成活率的措施。     

绿化大树移栽保活关键技术探讨

本文就大树移栽的关键技术,从移栽前的准备、移栽中的技术措施以及移栽后的养护管理等方面进行了较为详尽的阐述,方法简明,技术适用,对绿化工程中大树移栽保活提供有力保障。     

城市景观大树的移植与养护技术

对城市景观大树的移植与养护管理进行了探讨,主要涉及了大树在景观绿化中的意义、大树移植的特点、正确移植大树的方法以及移植后的养护管理技术,以便能准确掌握大树移栽的先进配套技术,确保大树移栽成活。     

大树带土球移植的技术要点

本文介绍了大树带土球移植的理论依据、移植时机,大树移栽的具体步骤及移栽后的管护措施,对绿化工作中提高大树移栽成活率有很好的借鉴作用。     

园林绿化树木移栽技术与养护

为了尽快实现绿化观赏效果和改善生态环境的目标,大树移栽是现代城市园林建设中唯一有效的新举措。本文探讨了大树移栽的技术与养护,以确保大树移栽的成功。     

杜仲大树移植与管理技术

杜仲是我国特有的经济树种,属国家二级保护中药材.因其大树移栽成活率较低,对杜仲大树移植过程进行了详细地阐述,提出移植过程及栽后管理中应注意的技术环节和应采取的技术措施.     

园林大树移植树皮复原保活技术

介绍了园林大树移植过程中树皮复原的应用范围及其相应的植皮技术,以期对园林大树的移植养护管理起到指导作用。     

Post-transplant growth of five deciduous ordic tree species as affected by transplanting date and root pruning

Shoot growth and leaf surface area were recorded during three seasons subsequent to transplanting five deciduous street tree species in Norway: Acer platanoides L., Aesculus hippocastanum L., Prunus avium L., Sorbus aucuparia L. and Tilia x europaea L. ‘Pallida’. Trees were transplanted at four dates, early and late autumn (August 25^th and October 23^rd), and early and late spring (April 23^rd and May 5^th–19^th, depending on species), with two root ball diameters (3 and 5 times the stem circumference). Control trees were not transplanted. Shoot growth in all species, except S. aucuparia, was reduced by 38 to 86% of control trees and leaf surface area by 13 to 61% in the first season after transplanting. In A. platanoides and A. hippocastanum shoot growth was also reduced in the second season (71 and 81% respectively). All species except A. hippocastanum resumed pre-transplant growth in the third season. Early autumn transplanting was least favourable in all the species, resulting in delayed establishment as well as reduced shoot growth and leaf surface area. Early spring transplanting was found favorable for A. platanoides and P. avium, but unfavorable for S. aucuparia. The experiment confirmed that the larger root balls are preferred over smaller root balls.     

假植大苗定植对脐橙树体生长和产量的影响

在我国传统的柑橘建园中,种植裸根苗比较普遍,然而,这种种植方式的成活率较低,树体生长缓慢,投产较晚。多年来,在江西赣南脐橙产区建园中,大力推广假植大苗带土定植,即将脐橙苗假植于装有营养土的袋或篓(直径25cm×高30cm),集中管理并提供合适的环境条件,于第2年春梢老熟后(6月份)定植。这一改进,显著提高了成活率。对45个使用该方法的纽荷尔脐橙(Citrussinensiscv.Newhall)园共900株树进行了调查,同时,以传统的裸根苗直接定植作为对照。结果表明,假植大苗定植的树体生长各项指标(干周、树高、冠径和末级梢数量、质量)均明显优于对照;1-5年生幼树各项指标平均值相对于同龄对照有明显增加;4年生树干周、树高、冠径和末级梢数量比对照分别增加42.1%、42.6%、34.1%和31.7%。假植大苗定植第4年、第5年平均株产分别为19.4kg和42.5kg,显著高于同龄对照的5.1kg和27.5kg。假植大苗定植的植株树势一致,树冠形成快,投产早,经济效益显著,值得在生产上推广应用。     

江苏徐州地区香樟的引种表现及优化栽培技术

为了美化新校区,徐州生物工程职业技术学院移植胸径10-20 cm的香樟大树116株,成活率达92.21%。文章总结了香樟大树移栽关键技术,并分析香樟大树死亡的原因。     

Root and shoot growth of newly-transplanted apple trees as affected by rootstock cultivar,defoliation and time after transplanting

Summary

An experiment with Malus demonstrated that a large proportion of the transplanted root system was lost through death and decomposition soon after transplanting in the open ground. Mortality of the roots was not influenced by the rootstock cultivars or by defoliation but increased significantly with time. In the first month, shoots of maiden trees of Malus transplanted in June when in-leaf grew, but roots did not. Subsequently, most of the new roots on the rootstock M.9 regenerated from the rootstock stem, whereas with MM.106 the old coarse roots (>2.0 mm diameter) initially present at planting were most important. Root growth occurred in concert with shoot growth such that a functional balance was maintained as shown by the existence of a constant root length:leaf area ratio over a large part of the growing season. Following transplanting, the trees appear to re-establish their optimal ‘functional’ ratio by way of a co-ordinating pattern of growth tending to correct any disturbance to the ratio resulting from transplanting. Defoliation in the early establishment phase caused only a temporary initial reduction in the root growth, but reduced all the shoot growth variables measured and increased the root length:leaf area ratio throughout the growing season.     

Investigating the relationship between various measuring methods for determination of establishment success of urban trees

Establishment is a key concept in urban forestry but it is currently inconsistently defined and measured. Thus, several different methods are being used to determine establishment success but their consequences and applications are rarely discussed. With this paper we would like to stimulate an increased discussion regarding these concepts both in relation to a theoretical definition but also to their practical use. The problem was approached through an experiment using sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) and northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) trees and the most common methods used for determination of establishment success. The trees were studied during the first three years after transplant and the association between the different measuring methods was examined. A Principal Component Analysis showed that terminal and lateral shoot length were strongly correlated, and that midday- and pre-dawn shoot water potential, and stomatal conductance were strongly correlated. We developed an index for nightly recovery of water status, which showed that terminal shoot growth was not related to nightly recovery until the third year after transplanting. Our results suggest that successful tree establishment is determined differently depending on which method is used for determination but that the differences might decrease with time. The lack of a firm definition of the term establishment may complicate communication, both within the scientific community and in practice.     

黔北优质温州蜜橘苗的培育技术

优质果树苗是果树早果、丰产、优质和高效的物质基础。通过在贵州省优质果茶良种繁殖场进行的果树育苗试验,探索出一套适应黔北地区优质温州蜜橘苗的培育技术。按育苗程序,从苗圃地的选择与整地、砧木及嫁接苗的培育上,详尽地介绍优质温州蜜橘苗的培育技术。采用此套技术,培育砧苗出苗率高,嫁接成活率高,根系发达,生长旺盛,耐寒耐瘠性强,结果早,丰产优质,定植后不需整形,达到了培育优质壮苗的目的。     

Potassium fertilization of rainfed olive orchards

Experiments under both greenhouse and field conditions were performed to study the influence of the type of salt applied (KCl or K₂SO₄) and to compare the effectiveness of their method of application (soil versus foliar) on leaf K concentration and yield in olive trees established under rainfed conditions. In the experiment performed in the greenhouse, mist-rooted 3-month-old ‘Picual’ olive plants growing in 2-l pots containing perlite were irrigated with a complete nutrient solution containing either 0.05 or 2.5 mM KCl during 128 days after transplanting (DAT). A group of plants received one K soil application at a dose equivalent to 1 kg of K per tree at 63 DAT. Another group received four foliar applications at 63, 78, 93 and 108 DAT with a K concentration of 10.5 g/l. The experiment under field conditions was developed with 80-year-old ‘Hojiblanca’ olive trees. Soil application was performed in March every year at a rate of 1 kg K/tree by injecting K fertilizer around the trees. Foliar sprays were carried out in April, March, June and July every year with the same K concentration used for the greenhouse experiment. The results showed that, under both field and greenhouse conditions, either KCl or K₂SO₄ increased K concentration in leaves. Also, both K salts had a positive effect in increasing K content in fruits under field conditions, although the intensity of the increase varied among years. Tree water stress and low K status seemed to influence K uptake. The method of K application, soil or foliar, did not affect the effectiveness of K fertilization.     

Spring growth of almond nursery trees depends upon nitrogen from both plant reserves and spring fertilizer application

Summary

June-budded ‘Nonpareil’/‘Nemaguard’ almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill) D. A. Webb) trees were fertigated with one of five nitrogen (N) concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, or 20 mM) from July to September. The trees were sprayed with either water or 3% urea in October, then harvested bareroot after natural leaf fall, and stored at 2°C. One set of trees was destructively sampled for total N content; the remaining trees were transplanted into N-free media in the spring after cold storage. After budbreak, these trees were supplied for 70.d with either N-free Hoagland’s solution or Hoagland’s solution containing ¹⁵N-NH₄NO₃. Nitrogen concentrations in both stem and root tissues were positively correlated with the N-fertigation concentration. Fall foliar urea applications increased levels of stem and root N regardless of the N-fertigation concentration. During the first 70 d of spring growth, the trees utilized nitrogen from both their reserves and spring fertilizer applications. The amount of N reserves used for growth of new shoots and leaves was proportional to the total amount of reserves. Trees with low N reserves relied primarily on the spring fertilizer as their source of nitrogen. We conclude, therefore, that both reserve N and spring-applied N fertilizers are important for enhancing the regrowth of bareroot almond nursery trees during establishment after transplanting. Nitrogen fertilization in the spring can especially improve the performance of trees with low N reserves.