改进的投影寻踪模型在水质评价中的应用

投影寻踪算法是水质评价中常用的模型,针对投影寻踪模型中存在的投影方向优化问题,提出了运用模糊自适应模拟退火遗传算法（FASAGA）来寻找最佳投影方向的方法。改进了现有的投影寻踪水质评价模型,分析了新模型的性能和特点,并应用该模型评价了惠州市的西湖水质。实验证明,该模型能有效地提高水质评价的速度和准确度。     

基于免疫蛙跳算法优化的投影寻踪水质评价模型

以地下水各聚类指标水质级别国家标准值为评价标准,应用基于高维降维技术的投影寻踪模型,并采用改进的免疫蛙跳算法对投影寻踪模型投影方向进行优化求解,将高维数据指标转换到低维子空间,根据计算得出投影函数值的大小对样本水质进行评价。结果表明:免疫蛙跳算法收敛速度、搜索精度优于混合蛙跳算法;基于免疫蛙跳算法优化的投影寻踪模型能够很好的对水环境质量进行评价,可用于其他环境的综合评价。     

基于RAIGA的PPC模型评价玉米调亏灌溉

为了优选最佳的玉米调亏灌溉方案,以东北春玉米为研究对象,通过测筒进行玉米不同生育阶段的水分调亏灌溉试验研究,利用基于实码加速免疫遗传算法的投影寻踪模型来综合评价不同调亏灌溉方案,结果表明:RAIGA具有较好的实用性和稳定性,依据样本自身的数据特性,利用PPC模型寻求最佳投影方向能够判断各指标对综合评价目标的贡献大小,应用RAIGA算法的PPC模型评价东北春玉米在调亏灌溉情况下生育指标排序结论比较可靠,对制定玉米调亏灌溉制度具有应用价值。     

投影寻踪模型在水稻灌溉制度评价中的应用

优化水稻灌溉制度是解决粮食安全与水资源短缺两大紧迫问题的关键。从水稻灌溉制度评价方法研究出发,针对传统的水稻灌溉制度评价中指标权重赋值客观性差的问题,提出了基于粒子群优化投影寻踪模型的水稻灌溉制度评价方法,该方法通过对水稻主要生育阶段的多个状态变量建立投影寻踪模型并优化投影方向,从而根据状态变量在最佳投影方向线型投影得到的投影值大小进行水稻灌溉制度的综合评价,避免了专家赋权的人为干扰。选取水稻分蘖及灌浆2个重要生育阶段,分别建立模型并对4种灌溉模式进行综合评价,其评判结果与实际相符,验证了该方法的准确性与可行性。     

基于改进萤火虫算法的投影寻踪太湖水质综合评价

针对水质评价中指标的多样性及不相容性,提出了基于改进的萤火虫算法的投影寻踪水质评价方法。该方法根据水质标准等级样本集所划分的标准,构建投影指标函数,并用改进的萤火虫算法进行优化,使搜索步长逐步减小,寻优后期也可具有良好的局部搜索能力,得到最佳投影方向,使综合评价结果能够客观准确地反映出水质状况。运用该方法对太湖的水质数据进行综合评价,并与传统方法综合评分法(F值法)得到的结果进行对比,评价结果更符合当地水质状况实际情况,且对水质等级划分更为清晰。     

基于PSO-PPGE模型的农村水利现代化评价

基于投影寻踪模型和粒子群算法,应用MATLAB仿真模拟编程,以农村水利现代化评价指标体系中的各因素分级指标值作为投影参数,寻求最佳的投影方向,建立农村水利现代化投影寻踪等级评价模型。运用该模型对江苏省9个典型县级市的农村水利现代化水平进行评价,评价结果与发展现状基本吻合。该模型在农村水利现代化评价中,可以避免主观赋权的干扰,评价方法简便,评价结果客观。     

区域水环境承载力评价模型研究

将投影寻踪技术与遗传算法相结合,建立了基于实数编码加速遗传算法的投影寻踪评价模型,通过优化各指标样本的最佳投影方向,得到各样本的投影值,从而实现了区域水环境承载力的量化评价。最后,应用该模型对黄河中上游某支流流域地区水环境承载力状况进行综合评价分析,检验了模型的可行性和合理性。     

基于改进人工鱼群算法的三江平原投影寻踪旱情评价模型

针对现有的旱情评价方法容易出现评价等级离散和结果不易分辨等问题,提出了基于人工鱼群的投影寻踪旱情评价模型,利用人工鱼群算法优化投影指标函数寻求最佳投影方向,同时采用自适应人工鱼步长和拥挤度因子对人工鱼群算法进行改进,克服其易陷入局部最优等缺点,提高了全局搜索能力和收敛速度。以三江平原红兴隆分局为例,选用降雨距平百分率、Z指标和降水温度均一化指标3个指标综合计算投影值,建立了基于改进人工鱼群算法的三江平原投影寻踪旱情评价模型。结果表明,该模型有效避免了单项指标评价的不相容性,用于区域旱情评价是切实可行的,为旱情评价提供了参考。     

线性递减权重粒子群优化投影寻踪模型及应用

针对粒子群算法局部搜索能力较弱和存在早熟收敛的问题,为了有效地控制粒子群算法的全局搜索和局部搜索,提出了将线性递减权重引入到粒子群优化算法中.该算法是从随机解出发,通过追随当前搜索到的最优值来寻找全局最优解,增加了粒子群算法的局部搜索能力.将其算法优化投影寻踪模型,以此构建了线性递减权重粒子群优化投影寻踪模型,将该模型应用到土坝护坡模式优化评价中,选取9个指标作为评判因子,提出适合该地区的土坝护坡优化模式.结果表明:线性递减权重粒子群优化投影寻踪模型可以有效地找到最佳投影方向,计算投影值,根据投影指标值的大小可对方案进行优选.利用该模型对土坝护坡模式进行综合评价是切实可行的.该算法以其实现容易、精度高、收敛快等优点,并且在解决实际问题中展示的优越性,在工程优化领域具有广泛的应用前景.     

投影寻踪分类模型在作物补偿效应评价中的应用

为了解决作物旱后复水补偿效应评价和优选的不确定性,提高补偿效应评价模型的分辨率,提出了投影寻踪分类模型,并采用变异和动态信息素更新蚁群算法寻找最优的投影方向,用最佳投影方向信息研究各评价指标对补偿效应的贡献率,发现光合速率的大小直接反应了补偿生长的能力,是影响补偿效应的关键因子,与以往研究结论相符,且适度胁迫复水后第5 天表现出的补偿效应最佳.     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。