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外国技术性贸易壁垒对我国蜂蜜贸易的影响 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
我国是蜂产品的生产和出口大国,蜂蜜是我国出口创汇的重要农产品之一,但近年来日趋复杂的技术性贸易壁垒阻碍了我国蜂蜜贸易的正常进行。以蜂蜜贸易的统计数据为依据,分析了外国技术性贸易壁垒对我国蜂蜜出口的影响,通过对比新蜂蜜国家标准与国外进口标准,探讨如何积极应对国外的技术性贸易壁垒。 相似文献
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我国出口动物源性食品由于原料安全、卫生控制问题,近年来不断受阻,甚至遭到国外禁运。欧盟虽然允许进口我国肠衣和深海鱼,但由于出口肠衣多次被检出氯霉素和硝基呋喃等药物而遭遇退货,部分中国企业也因此被列入监管的“黑名单”,使得肠衣的出口越来越困难。出口肠衣药残问题日趋突出,如不加以控制将严重影响我国肠衣的出口。下面就如何控制出口肠衣的药物残留谈谈看法。 相似文献
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欧盟新食品法对我国农产品出口的影响及对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
欧盟是我国农产品(包括肉禽、水产、食品等)第二大出口市场,占我国农产品出口近1/5的份额。从长远来看,欧盟还是我国农产品出口最具增长潜力的市场。自2006年1月1日起,欧盟新的食品卫生法规正式生效。对欧盟各成员国生产的以及从第三国进口到欧盟的水产品、肉类食品、肠衣、奶制品以及部分植 相似文献
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柑桔是全球仅次于香蕉的第二大贸易水果。近年来,我国柑桔出口数量不断增加,出口市场不断扩大。但是,随着国际经济形势的起伏变化及国外日益严苛的技术性贸易措施不断增加,我国柑桔出口正面临着越来越多的挑战。从2011产季前期出口形势来看,2011产季我国柑桔出口形势不容乐观。对此,政府职能部门、行业协会和出口企业等有关各方应紧密合作,积极开拓新的国外市场,通过集约化、标准化生产等方式全面提高出口柑桔质量,提升中国柑桔的国际竞争力,稳步扩大出口。 相似文献
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本文比较分析了我国与欧盟的蜂蜜质量安全、理化指标标准和有关标签规定,通过官方网站或权威机构获得有关欧盟和我国的蜂蜜标准,进行分析比较;我国与欧盟在农兽药残留、污染物和微生物标准方面存在较大差距。欧盟农兽药指标限量标准更多地考虑生产用药、蜜源污染、贸易等因素,指标涵盖范围广、数量多,指标值要求严;对于污染物和微生物则更注重生产过程控制;欧盟有专门的蜂蜜标签指令,理化指标要求更细。根据比较结果,建议我国进一步完善蜂蜜质量安全标准体系,加强蜂蜜生产质量控制,以提升我国蜂蜜产业,顺畅蜂蜜出口。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献