一起奶牛破伤风感染的诊断及防治报告

奶牛破伤风病,在上海地区规模化养殖牧场极少发生。2017年7月,我中心接报某奶牛场6头青年母牛陆续死亡,年龄在6-16月龄之间,患牛病程短,死亡率极高,场主高度怀疑为传染病致死。病牛精神沉郁,体温多数正常,仅在后期快速升高,基本无食欲,并表现出瞬膜外露、颈背僵硬、尾部震颤等神经类症状。由于病因不明,初期症状不明显,牧场兽医采取普通抗生素治疗,效果不佳。通过紧急流行病学调查、临床症状鉴别、病理解剖等方法,临床诊断为奶牛破伤风梭菌感染。经采取破伤风抗毒素治疗、镇静解痉和强心补液等标本兼治措施,结合抗生素、中药灌服等辅助治疗,发病症状逐渐缓解,大部分病牛在一周左右基本痊愈,未出现新的死亡病例。     

奶牛伪狂犬病的诊治

2006年12月10日,接岱岳区大汶口镇兽医站报告,有1奶牛饲养场13头奶牛发病,已死亡1头.主要症状是奶牛卧地不起,不食,出现神经症状,吼叫、头颈后仰.接报告后立即组织兽医专家赶赴现场,经流行病学调查、临床诊断和实验室检查,确诊为奶牛伪狂犬病.疫情发生后区畜牧局高度重视,对该奶牛场及周围环境立即采取有效隔离、销毁、消毒、免疫接种等强制性预防控制措施,疫情得到了有效抑制.……     

一例奶牛蹄病的综合诊治

2015年6-8月期间,山东某规模奶牛场180头奶牛先后出现蹄子肿胀、溃烂,无法站立,采食饮水困难,腹泻,逐渐消瘦等症状,死亡或淘汰80多头,损失重大。通过细菌分离鉴定和16Sr RNA基因同源性分析,分离出葡萄球菌。通过对死淘牛蹄部组织进行病理组织学观察,对牛舍环境、日粮搭配、饲养管理等进行调查分析,最后确认该病例为葡萄球菌感染引起的蹄叶炎。其诱因可能与牛舍环境、日粮搭配、饲养管理等因素相关。基于发病原因对奶牛场制定综合防控措施,经过一周左右的治疗,病情得到控制。     

一起A型产气荚膜梭菌致奶牛猝死的病例分析

某大型奶牛场接种产气荚膜梭菌-巴氏杆菌二联苗将近2个月后,相继出现五头奶牛突发致死的病例.奶牛发病当天无任何征兆,突然倒地,两眼呆直,受到刺激后发生抽搐,而后很快死亡.根据临床症状初步怀疑为产气荚膜梭菌所导致的猝死病例.取死亡奶牛肺脏组织和一段肠道样品进行实验室检查.通过细菌培养,运用多重PCR进行分型鉴定,结果均为A...     

一例疑似牛破伤风的诊治

正2017年7月,本市一牛场突然发生奶牛陆续死亡,根据发病情况、临床症状和实验室检测,疑似为牛破伤风。现将诊治过程汇报如下。1发病情况和临床症状牛场共饲养330头奶牛,6月20日该场兽医对16月龄左右的牛实施断尾术。从7月3日开始,曾实施断尾术的牛陆续出现急性死亡,共发病9例,死亡6例。患牛临床表现为精神沉郁,脖子僵硬,瞬膜突出(图1),有的体温升高。1周后复诊发现有的病牛     

合肥奶牛场牛流行热的诊断

1991年7月下旬至9月上句,合肥奶牛场奶牛发生了一种以急性、发热为特征的传染病。根据临床症状、流行特点和实验室诊断,确诊为牛流行热。现将情况报告如下。一、发病情况 1991年7月24日,合肥奶牛场二号牛舍一头成年母牛出现体温升高、流鼻涕等症状,次日夜同舍12头奶牛出现类似症状。7月26日,全场三幢大牛舍、四幢育成牛舍和一幢小牛舍的牛均有程度不同的发病。8月18日     

奶牛魏氏梭菌病的诊治

魏氏梭菌〔又称产气荚膜杆菌〕为革兰氏阳性大杆菌,大小为3-8×0.5-1.0цm,广泛存在于土壤、污水、人畜肠道及粪便中。奶牛魏氏梭菌病发病率不高,但死亡率高,而且多呈急性发作,又称为猝死症。2008年我公司奶牛场同一牛舍相继有几头奶牛因魏氏梭菌感染发病,除第一头因诊治不及时死亡外,其它几头均通过实验室诊断、临床治疗后病愈恢复生产。现将诊治过程及心得报告于下：     

猪破伤风病的防治

猪破伤风病是由破伤风梭菌感染伤口而引发的以肌肉痉挛和神经症状为主要表现的细菌性疾病;病原可产生毒性较强的外毒素,对肌肉和神经系统造成伤害,本病一年四季都可发生,环境中的梭菌通过体表伤口感染;预防本病必须加强猪场的管理,减少猪受外伤机率,有伤口的猪及时对受伤部位消毒处理;治疗本病需对感染伤口进行清洗消毒,必要时注射破伤风抗毒素,临床表现严重的还要对症用药,治疗期间应加强病猪的护理。     

奶牛急性肠毒血症的诊断报告

2005年9月,内蒙古包头市某奶牛场,妊娠母牛群中,未见任何前躯症状而突然死亡2头奶牛。经频死症状、病理剖解变化和实验室诊断,确诊为急性肠毒血症,该病是由魏氏梭菌在奶牛的肠道中大量繁殖,产生毒素而引起奶牛的一种急性毒血症。现将情况报告如下。1发病情况该奶牛场,存栏奶牛307头,其中犊牛24头,妊娠母牛85头,泌乳母牛110头,干奶母牛46头。采用散放式的饲养模式,精饲料由饲料生产厂家直接供应,粗饲料为优质压块苜蓿及玉米青贮,按奶牛不同生理阶段供应日粮,偶尔割些青嫩苜蓿饲喂。2005年9月28日下午,在妊娠母牛群中突然死亡2头,死前奶牛呼吸…     

奶牛生产瘫痪的诊治

生产瘫痪,又称产后瘫痪、乳热症,是母畜产后突然发生的一种急性神经机能障碍疾病。其特征是咽、舌、肠道麻痹、体温下降、感觉减退、四肢瘫痪。如治疗不及时或误诊,则造成持续瘫痪,导致奶牛淘汰。近来,我们对武汉某奶牛场8头患生产瘫痪的奶牛进行诊治,效果理想,现将有关情况报告如下:1基本情况武汉某奶牛场饲养中国荷斯坦奶牛100头,其中成母牛60头,集中在一栋牛舍饲养,青年牛22头,犊牛18头,分别饲养于不同牛舍。每头成母牛日喂混合精料5～10kg、青贮料5kg、稻草5kg、青杂草15kg、糟渣料(主要为啤酒糟)10kg。2临床症状该场先后有8头牛发病,时…     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.