畜牧

正农业部关于同意江苏省开展水产苗种产地检疫试点工作的批复近日,农业部收到《江苏省农业委员会江苏省海洋与渔业局关于试点开展水产苗种产地检疫工作的请示》及江苏省海洋与渔业局《关于水产苗种产地检疫试点工作有关情况的报告》。经研究,同意江苏省开展水产苗种产地检疫试点工作,有关批复     

我国水产苗种产地检疫存在问题及对策

为规范水产苗种产地检疫,2011年3月17日,农业部关于印发《鱼类产地检疫规程（试行）》等3个规程（以下简称规程）的通知,我国水产苗种产地检疫进入了实施阶段,然而,已经落后陆生动物的产地检疫30多年。我国的苗种的产地检疫,主要依托水产技术推广、水产病害防治中心（水生动物防疫站）和水产研究所等单位开展。对此,各地党政领导重视程度、机构设置与管理及养殖水平、防疫水平、地理位置、经济实力等方面存在较大差异。本文针对产地检疫中行政管理、监督执法和技术服务三位一体存在的问题,谈谈开展水产苗种产地检疫的对策。     

商情新闻

新《动物检疫管理办法》5月1日起施行办法中新增了“水产苗种产地检疫”内容,规定“水产苗种产地检疫,由地方动物卫生监督机构委托同级渔业主管部门实施。水产苗种以外的其他水生动物及其产品不实施检疫”。     

理顺基层动检体制全面深化产地检疫

产地检疫是动物检疫的源头和基础 ,是动物检疫工作中的难点 ,也是动物检疫工作的重中之重。近几年来 ,河北省石家庄、保定、唐山、廊坊等市积极探索开展产地检疫的新路子和新措施 ,按照《动物防疫法》的要求 ,相继理顺了基层动检体制 ,建立了动检分站 ,全面深化了产地检疫工作 ,有力地促进了产地检疫工作的开展。1动检分站的体制动检分站为所在县动物检疫站的派出机构 ,人、财、物均由县站统一管理 ,业务上接受县站的领导和监督。人员由县站选派 ,代表县站履行职责 ,并签订检疫责任委托书 ,全面负责所辖乡 (镇 )、村的检疫工作 ,检疫票证统…     

锦州市动物产地检疫工作的现状及对策

正锦州市动物产地检疫工作开展以来,各县区根据实际情况,划分了工作重点,或放在规模饲养场的监管上,或放在检疫申报点的建设上,或放在其它重点环节上,通过加强对产地检疫各环节的监管,回溯逆向监督产地检疫工作的开展。各种措施的有效落实,形成了我市特有的产地检疫工作模式:"规模饲养场+专职检疫员"、"散养户+村协检员"。本文主要总结几年来我市动物产地检疫工作现状及存在问题,并创新地提出新的思路和方法提高动物产地检疫工作。1锦州市产地检疫现状     

陕西省水产养殖病害测报情况分析及发展对策

水生动物防疫检疫与病害监测防治工作,是《渔业法》和《动物防疫法》赋予各级水产站的重要职能。为了加强水生动物防疫检疫工作,提高水产品质量安全水平,近几年陕西省先后制定了《陕西省水生动物防疫检疫实施意见》、《陕西省水生动物疫情应急预     

《动物检疫管理办法》实施中出现的问题与修订建议之我见

通过分析《动物检疫管理办法》在当前实施过程中存在的一些问题,结合工作实际,提出了完善人员管理及制度设计,落实货主、承运人法定责任,规范引入动物审批,制定出台禽蛋检疫规程,明确水产苗种产地检疫主管部门,增加畜禽标识的监管、处罚主体等建议。     

基层产地检疫存在的问题及应对策略

产地检疫是基层兽医工作人员的一项基础工作,开展产地检疫工作对贯彻预防为主的方针,促进生产,方便流通,理顺动物检疫工作具有重要的意义,做好重大动物疫病防控工作,必须从源头抓起,而产地检疫工作是充分发挥以检促免,以免促防为目的,全面落实《动物防疫法》。文章将对基层产地检疫工作中存在的问题做一分析并提出相关应对策略。     

新形势下对基层动物检疫工作的几点思考

本文围绕动物检疫当前存在的检疫申报主体、检疫许可的技术支撑体系、水产苗种产地检疫主体等难点进行思考,并结合基层实践需求,提出了加强村级防疫员(协检员)管理、档案管理、信息化管理等方面的发展建议,以期为实现动物检疫高效运转,强化官方兽医依法行政能力提供参考。     

提高认识,搞好产地检疫工作

在当今市场经济条件下，搞好检疫工作，尤其是产地检疫工作。对于贯彻预防为主的方针，防止动物疫病进入流通领域，促进生产、方便流通和理顺动物检疫工作具有十分重要的意义。由于我省的检疫工作起步较晚，至今仍有些地区产地检疫工作开展不好，分析其原因，主要应该是对产地检疫工作认识不够。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。