无花果果脯、果酱的加工

1低糖无花果果脯加工 工艺流程：挑选→清洗去柄→护色、硬化→糖煮→浸糖→沥糖→调整风味→摆盘→烘烤整形→下盘→回潮→包装→成品。     

无花果果脯加工工艺研究

无花果鲜果不耐贮运,常温下极易腐烂变质。为了延长无花果的产业链和供应期,介绍了以冷冻无花果为原料加工无花果果脯的工艺和产品质量指标,为实现无花果的周年供应提供技术支持。     

风味苦瓜果酱的加工工艺

苦瓜性味苦寒，具有消热祛暑、明目清心等功能；苹果味甘可口，营养丰富，具有通便、养神等功效。以苦瓜和苹果为主要原料，加以砂糖、琼脂等为辅料制成的风味苦瓜果酱，呈天然清亮的浅黄色，具有苦瓜的清香和苹果的香气，带有少许苦瓜特有的苦味。不仅风味独特，市场畅销，深受消费者喜爱，而且可通过深加工，延长产业链，使普通农产品增值若干倍。     

桑椹系列加工产品的加工工艺

本文详细介绍了桑椹系列加工产品桑椹干、桑椹果脯、桑椹饮料、桑椹酒、桑椹果酱、桑椹果冻的加工工艺流程、操作要点及质量标准。     

糖因素对菠萝果脯品质的影响

混合糖与菠萝质量比和渗糖时间是影响菠萝果脯品质的主要因素。为了探究糖种类、糖与菠萝质量比以及渗糖时间对菠萝果脯口感、色泽、香气和外观品质的影响,从而改良菠萝果脯加工工艺,本试验以西双版纳新鲜中熟无眼菠萝为原料,在不同混合糖与菠萝质量比和渗糖时间条件下,制作果脯。结果表明,果脯在菠萝∶白砂糖∶麦芽糖比例为7∶0.7∶0.3时,蛋白质、总糖、总酸和pH值都接近于平均值,此时感官评价最好。果脯渗糖2 h,果脯中总糖、总酸、蛋白质、水分含量、pH值都接近平均值,且感官评价最好。因此,菠萝果脯最佳生产工艺为菠萝与白砂糖、麦芽糖质量比7∶0.7∶0.3,渗糖时间2 h。     

“龙滩”珍珠李低糖果脯加工工艺

以"龙滩"珍珠李为试材,采用正交实验设计方法,对硬化剂浓度、护色剂配方、护色时间、甜味剂浓度、填充剂配方、糖煮时间和超声波渗糖等关键加工工艺条件进行了优化确定,为延长珍珠李供应期,提升附加值提供参考依据。结果表明:"龙滩"珍珠李低糖果脯最佳加工工艺条件为0.4%CaCl_2、0.20%D-异抗坏血酸钠、0.30%抗坏血酸、0.15%L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐混合溶液中硬化护色3h;50%甜味剂(白砂糖∶葡萄糖粉=4∶1)、0.20%瓜尔胶、0.10%黄原胶、0.25%CMC-Na的混合液中糖煮20min;再经超声功率300W、料液比1∶1g·g^-1、超声4h。在此条件下,可制得形态饱满、色泽均匀、酸甜适度、软硬适中的"龙滩"珍珠李低糖果脯。     

低糖黄瓜果脯的加工工艺研究

本试验以黄瓜为主要原料,采用常温浸糖工艺制作低糖黄瓜果脯。研究了氯化钙、亚硫酸钠、琼脂、柠檬酸、葡萄糖及干燥温度对低糖黄瓜果脯感官品质的影响。通过单因素试验和正交试验得到低糖黄瓜果脯最优的配方和工艺为：氯化钙0.16%,亚硫酸钠0.20%,琼脂0.22%,葡萄糖25%,柠檬酸0.30%,烘烤温度40℃,制得的低糖黄瓜果脯组织饱满,质地柔软,酸甜适口。     

真空渗糖加工低糖雪梨瓜果脯工艺研究

本文以雪梨瓜为原料,采用真空渗糖技术制作雪梨瓜果脯。首先通过单因素试验确定了影响低糖雪梨瓜果脯品质的关键因素,然后采用正交试验优化了真空渗糖的工艺条件。结果表明,影响雪梨瓜果脯品质的因素为真空度>硬化剂浓度>渗糖时间>糖液浓度;最优工艺条件为硬化剂浓度为0.5%、渗糖时间30min、糖液浓度35%、真空度0.05MPa。在此工艺条件下,得到的雪梨瓜果脯水分含量为16.9%,含糖量为53.8%,果脯饱满、颜色嫩绿、酸甜适中,有雪梨瓜特有的香气。     

果脯加工技术漫谈

果脯加工的原理:利用高浓度糖具有极高的渗透压使微生物细胞原生质脱水收缩,产生所谓的生理干燥现象,使微生物不能进行正常的新陈代谢,失去对果脯的侵蚀能力而达到长期保存的目的。1果脯的分类(1)果脯:也称干态蜜饯,如苹果脯、杏脯、桃脯、梨脯、蜜枣。块形完整,具果品自然色泽,含水量较低,为18%~20%。(2)蜜饯:干燥程度较低,含水量20%~30%,往往将果品制成果胚,糖煮中还加入适量香料、甜味剂等,如话李、陈皮、加应子等。(3)带汁蜜饯:将果品糖煮后浸泡在高浓度(65%)的糖浆中,如糖浆红果、樱桃蜜饯等。(4)糖衣果脯:在果脯表面包有一层白色的糖…     

Fruit temperature and crown removal on the occurrence of pineapple fruit translucency

The roles of fruit temperature and crown removal in the occurrence of pineapple fruit translucency were determined. Pineapple fruit translucency began to appear 2–4 weeks before harvest. Flesh tissue became very susceptible to high temperature and the cell electrolyte leakage rapidly increased 4 weeks before harvest. During the early stage of fruit development, electrolyte leakage of fruit flesh was reduced by covering fruit in the field with clear-plastic or a postharvest heat treatment (48°C, 24 h). In contrast, flesh tissue electrolyte leakage was increased by the postharvest heat treatment when the fruit age was 4 weeks before harvest or older. Covering fruit with clear-plastic during the last 3 weeks of fruit development decreased titratable acidity (TA) and increased translucency severity. The effects of temperature on fruit translucency occurrence was divided into two stages: the period earlier than 6 weeks before harvest and the period from 6 weeks before harvest to harvest. This division was based upon high fruit temperature 8 weeks before harvest or earlier reduced electrolyte leakage of the fruit flesh tissue, but increased leakage when the fruit age was 4 weeks before harvest or older. Crown removal either at an early or late stage of fruit development did not have any significant effect on fruit weight or translucency occurrence. The results suggested that the crown did not play a significant role in pineapple fruit development and translucency occurrence.     

不同微波渗糖工艺对低糖果脯维生素C保存的影响

研究了预处理方式、微波渗糖和干燥工艺等不同加工工艺对低糖果脯维生素C保存的影响,通过追踪测定各个工艺环节中维生素C保存的变化来寻求最佳微波渗糖工艺条件。结果表明,3种预处理方式在维生素C含量保存上以食盐预处理最好,微波预处理次之,热水漂烫预处理最差,质量分数2%的食盐溶液中浸泡30 min时果坯维生素C含量为1.083 0 mg.g-1,效果较好;微波渗糖时采用30%的微波火力渗糖20 min,后期干燥时选用60℃干燥6 h,与其他处理差异显著,果脯口感纯正,可以使多维营养得到最大程度的保存。     

仙人掌脯的加工

仙人掌脯营养丰富，每百克嫩茎中含维生素A220mg，维生素C16mg、蛋白质1．6mg、铁2．7mg。灰分中含24％碳酸钾。其具有降血脂、降血压、降血糖的作用。仙人掌含纤维素较多，食用后能抑制胆固醇和脂肪的吸收，能减缓人体血液对葡萄糖的摄取，对胃炎、结肠炎、糖尿病、肥胖症、高胆固醇、动脉硬化也有很好的治疗效果。下面介绍仙人掌脯的加工技术。     

巴厘菠萝果实发育期间香气成分的变化

采用顶空固相微萃取技术,研究巴厘菠萝果实发育过程中香气成分的组成及变化。结果表明,巴厘菠萝果实发育过程中共检测出48种成分,主要为酯类、烯烃,其中辛酸甲酯、己酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯等成分是菠萝果实的重要香气成分,是菠萝成熟果实的特征香气。巴厘菠萝在果实发育不同阶段,各香气成分的相对含量变化较大。     

蔗糖代谢相关酶在卡因菠萝果实糖积累中的作用

以菠萝品种卡因为材料,测定了不同发育时期果实中蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖含量以及蔗糖代谢相关酶-酸性转化酶(AI)、中性转化酶(NI)、蔗糖合成酶(SS)和蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)的活性,并对果实中糖积累与酶活性的关系进行了分析.结果表明,卡因果实的发育呈单"S型"曲线,在幼果期到果实迅速生长期,果糖和葡萄糖积累较多,蔗糖积累缓慢,此期蔗糖积累较少与高活性蔗糖转化酶有关;进入成熟期,果实中蔗糖迅速积累,而己糖略有上升,果实蔗糖的显著增加主要与SS和SPS活性有关.酸性转化酶和中性转化酶前期活性很强,后期降低;蔗糖合成酶(合成方向)和蔗糖磷酸合成酶的活性变化趋势相似,前期弱后期强.经过相关性分析:果实中蔗糖含量与SS和SPS活性存在极显著的正相关性(相关系数分别为r=0.97273**和r=-0.91004**),而与NI活性呈极显著负相关(r=-0.76419**),与AI的活性呈显著负相关(r=-0.60594*).     

18份菠萝种质果实外观性状比较分析

【:目的】分析比较18份菠萝种质的果实外观性状,为菠萝优异资源挖掘与育种应用提供科学借鉴,为利用果实外观性状鉴别品种提供科学依据。【方法】测量菠萝果实的单果质量、果实横径、果实纵径、果眼深度、小果宽、小果高、果心直径、小果数、果形指数等9个菠萝果实外观性状,进行方差分析和相关性分析。【结果】菠萝种质果实外观性状在种质间存在显著差异,菠萝种质间果实单果质量变异最大,变异系数达48.62%,果眼深度和果形指数的变异较小,变异系数分别为9.83%和7.04%。所试性状中单果质量与果实横径、果实纵径、小果高、小果宽、果心直径均呈极显著正相关;菠萝小果数与果眼深度、果形指数呈极显著正相关。所试种质中黑菠萝单果质量最大,达到1 992.07 g,显著高于除开英1号和N36之外的其他种质;开英1号单果质量较大,且变异系数较小,遗传较稳定;Josapine单果质量最小,果心直径和果眼深度最小,显著低于其他种质;马来西亚沙捞越果形指数为1.40,为18个种质中最大;所测量的各性状中果眼深度的整体变异系数最小,遗传最稳定。【结论】菠萝种质果实外观性状单果质量、果心直径、小果数、果眼大小、果实纵径等具有丰富...     

Effects of post-harvest salicylic acid treatment on fruit quality and anti-oxidant metabolism in pineapple during cold storage

Summary

Pineapple (Ananas comosus L. ‘Comte de Paris’) fruit at commercial maturity (180 fruit per treatment, three replicates) were immersed in 0, 1.0, 3.0, or 5.0 mM salicylic acid (SA) for 15 min, then stored at 10ºC and 90% relative humidity (RH) for 20 d. After 20 d in cold storage, they were moved to 20ºC for 2 d to simulate shelf-life. Physiological and biochemical responses were studied. The results showed that the 3.0 or 5.0 mM SA treatments lowered the internal browning (IB) index, while the 5.0 mM SA treatment decreased the soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), and soluble sugar content, but increased ascorbic acid (AsA) levels at the end of shelf-life. Furthermore, during cold storage, all SA treatments significantly decreased the rate of tissue respiration in pineapple fruit. SA at 5.0 mM significantly decreased the activities of peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), but increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) compared with the non-SA treated (untreated) controls. Overall, these results indicate that post-harvest treatment with 5.0 mM SA delayed the occurrence of IB in pineapple, extended its shelf-life, and maintained fruit quality during cold storage.     

菠萝果肉颜色的形成与类胡萝卜素组分变化的关系

为了分析不同类型菠萝果实成熟过程中果肉类胡萝卜素成分的变化特点及其外观颜色差异形成的因素,以深黄色果肉的巴厘种和浅黄色果肉的卡因种菠萝为材料,应用高效液相色谱(HPLC)技术分析了菠萝果实不同发育阶段果肉类胡萝卜素成分及含量的变化。结果表明,随着果实的成熟,两菠萝品种果肉β-胡萝卜素、玉米黄质和β-阿朴-δ’-胡萝卜醛成分均呈上升趋势,尤其是β-胡萝卜素从青果期急剧增加到完熟期,而叶黄质却呈下降趋势。两品种的β-胡萝卜素含量都显著高于其他3种色素,而且在完熟期巴厘种的β-胡萝卜素含量是卡因种的2倍以上。因此,β-胡萝卜素是造成两品种菠萝果肉类胡萝卜素积累量及外观色泽差异的主要因素之一。     

油桃套袋技术改进试验

研究了地面铺反光膜及不同果袋、不同解袋时间等对果实品质的影响。结果表明,铺设反光膜可以全面提高果实品质,减少重庆光照不足和套袋对油桃果实发育的不利影响;适当延迟解袋时间,从常规的采前7-10d延迟到采前3-5d,最迟不超过7d,在重庆气候条件下,可以保证较好的外观品质,获得较好的防病虫防裂果效果;外褐内红双层纸袋处理的果实果面光洁度、色泽均匀度、防病虫和裂果效果明显优于牛皮纸单层袋、褐色单层纸袋处理。     

Pre- and post-harvest salicylic acid treatments alleviate internal browning and maintain quality of winter pineapple fruit

The post-harvest internal browning (IB) and quality in pineapple (Ananas comosus L. ‘Comte de Paris’) fruit were studied in relation to pre-harvest salicylic acid (SA) spray (PSS) or/and post-harvest salicylic acid immersion (PSI) treatments at 10 °C for up to 20 days plus 2 days at 20 °C (shelf-life). In addition, the activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) were measured during cold storage. The results showed that all SA treatments significantly reduced IB incidence and intensity. Furthermore, SA did not affect soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA) and total phenolics (TP) content, but delayed the decline of ascorbic acid (AsA) content. At the same time, SA significantly inhibited PPO and PAL activities. The study indicated the beneficial effect of SA by pre-harvest spray and/or post-harvest immersion on pineapple fruit quality and resistance to IB, and PSS + PSI treatment showed the best effect.