决策支持系统及其在农业机械化管理中的应用

介绍了决策支持的概念及功能,分析了决策支持系统(Decision Support System,简称DSS)在农业机械化领域应用的必要性,阐述了DSS在我国农业机械化领域应用的现状、存在问题,指出了农业机械化DSS的发展趋势.     

基于图像识别技术的北京市设施温室动态监测研究

为精准掌握北京市设施蔬菜种植情况和产能情况，项目深入挖掘“数字菜田项目”采集的5000个设施温室数据价值，开展基于物联网技术和图像识别技术的设施生产状态和作物品种识别研究，构建设施大棚生产状态识别模型和作物品种识别模型，并集成到北京市种植业综合管理平台，构建监管设施农业应用场景，从而为政府提供精准、高效的集中监管、远程指挥和决策支持，以北京市设施蔬菜发展带动农业产业振兴、乡村振兴。     

农业收获及场上作业机械实验室建设的探讨

1农业收获及场上作业机械实验室建设的必要性 1.1贯彻落实<中华人民共和国农业机械化促进法>的需要 为了鼓励、扶持农民和农业生产经营组织使用先进适用的农业机械,促进农业机械化,建设现代化农业,国家颁布了<中华人民共和国农业机械化促进法>.该法的精神实质能否实现,都需要科学技术数据支持,而农业收获及场上作业机械实验室将会为政府决策提供可靠的、必要的技术信息.该实验室是我省农业监测体系的一个重要环节,是农业基础设施建设的一个关键部分.     

农业机械化与农民增收关系研究

以提高农业机械化管理科学决策水平为研究目标，对发展农业机械化促进农业增效农民增收提出了措施与建议，对目前农业机械化管理领域的若干问题进行了探讨。农民增收是“三农”问题的核心问题，是新农村建设的着力点，更是城乡统筹的落脚点。新阶段提高劳动生产率是农民增收的根本途径，农业机械化是农业劳动生产率提高的关健，科学发展观是推进农业机械化、促进农民增收的重要指导方针。农业机械化的发展促使着农民增产、增收，如果没有机械化，现代农业就没有生命力，先进的农业技术不通过机械手段来实施，就不可能得到大面积应用。我们要抓好5个结合，即推进农业机械化与产业结构调整、与推进优势农产品区域布局、与农业产业化经营、与加快工业化和城镇化进程的结合，加强政府的支持和调控力度与充分发挥市场机制作用的结合。随着社会的进步，农业科学与农业机械化越来越密切，将逐步走上农机、农艺紧密结合、相互适应的良性发展轨道。     

现阶段基层农业机械化推广研究

农业机械化在农业发展中起着举足轻重的作用，它可以有效地提高农业生产的效率和质量，从而使整个作物的产量和质量得到提高。然而，目前我国农业机械化技术的推广和应用还存在着一些问题，因此，要提高技术推广的成效，就必须把重点放在如何解决这些问题上。基于此，本文对当前推广中遇到的问题进行了剖析，并提出了相应的对策，希望能对机械化技术的推广有所借鉴。     

新形势下田间机械发展的特点与趋势

随着社会经济的发展,带动了农业技术的进步。我国是农业大国,在农业技术发展上一直在不断研究、探索,提倡农业全过程机械化生产模式,以取缔传统农业作业方式,实现生产量的提升。田间机械化作业方式在农业生产中发挥着重要的作用,是新形势下农业技术提升的产物,为农业生产带来了方便条件。在此背景下,文章就新形势下田间机械发展的特点与趋势进行简要分析与探究。     

粮食烘干机械化发展存在的问题及对策

随着社会经济的不断发展,我国农业大幅度发展,粮食烘干机械化作为一项重要的科技技术,能有效提升我国粮食的产量与质量。现阶段,随着粮食作物耕、种与收等主要环节机械化的实现,如何高效解决粮食烘干机械化问题成为当务之急。文章分析了粮食烘干机械化发展的现状,剖析粮食烘干机械化发展过程中存在的问题,并在此基础上提出有效的解决对策,以期提高我国粮食烘干机械化的发展水平,更好地促进国内农业经济的稳定发展。     

现代农业中农业机械化发展的问题与方向分析

推动农业机械发展是构建现代农业的重要组成部分,而转变农机发展模式、实现技术创新对于现代农业发展具有深远影响。在本次研究中,文章首先分析了当前农业机械化发展中存在的问题,包括农业装备结构不合理、农业机械化组织机构不完善等,其次针对问题对未来农业机械化发展路径详细总结,最后文章将基于智慧农业角度,对农业机械化发展方向做进一步分析。根据本文的研究结果显示,在现代农业机械化发展中,相关人员不仅要认识到农机发展面临的机遇与挑战,能够从技术层面出发,充分发挥物联网等现代化技术措施的先进性,还要通过优化技术路径等手段增强农业机械设备的功能,争取通过技术创新等一系列手段消除制约农机发展的不合理因素,最终为全面提升农业机械化水平提供支持。     

农业收获及场上作业机械实验室建设的探讨

为了鼓励、扶持农民和农业生产经营组织使用先进适用的农业机械，促进农业机械化，建设现代化农业，国家颁布了《中华人民共和国农业机械化促进法》。该法的精神实质能否实现，都需要科学技术数据支持，而农业收获及场上作业机械实验室将会为政府决策提供可靠的、必要的技术信息。该实验室是我省农业监测体系的一个重要环节，是农业基础设施建设的一个关键部分。     

丘陵山区农业机械化发展现状及对策

基于丘陵山区在我国农业生产中占据的重要地位，对我国丘陵山区农业机械化的现状和存在的问题进行了剖析，探究了该区域农业机械化的发展趋势和技术需求，并提出了发展丘陵山区农业机械化的对策建议。      

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。