野外环境昆虫图像自动采集装置

根据稻飞虱趋光性并依照植保专家捕捉昆虫标本的方法,设计了适用于野外环境的昆虫图像自动采集装置.该装置主要由计算机、采集工作台、图像采集系统和控制系统构成.通过荧光灯,将野外昆虫引诱到采集工作台的幕布上,然后通过计算机和微控制器,控制采集工作台和白色采集幕布的两维运动,配合自动拍摄系统,对爬附于幕布上的昆虫进行定时拍摄,获取处于自然状态下的昆虫图像.实验结果显示,利用该系统可以获得完整、清晰且处于自然状态的昆虫图像,为稻飞虱自动识别和田间稻飞虱的虫口密度预测创造了条件.     

基于Arduino和VI的农田信息无线采集系统设计

现代化农业生产过程中,需要对农作物的各种生长环境信息进行采集,以便为农业决策服务。为此,设计了一种基于Arduino控制板和VI的农田信息无线采集系统。系统使用Arduino控制板作为采集控制端,结合各种环境信息采集模块及无线数据收发模块等组成整套系统,实现了对气温、土壤温湿度、光照、墒情及降水等农田特征信息的采集、显示、存储及监测报警等功能。该系统适用于现代精细化农业生产过程中进行田间信息的快速采集等场合。     

基于GPRS的物联网农业虫害防治监测系统设计

为了智能获取农作物生长环境及虫害信息,尤其是地形陡峭、偏远山区的信息,设计了一种基于GPRS网络和GSM短消息业务的农业物联网监测系统。系统中监测站点负责采集传感器数据,将各项数据打包,通过GPRS网络传输到服务器。上位机采用基于B/S的Web网页访问方式,并以数据库的方式存储管理数据。用户可通过短信方式获取数据和操控设备终端。测试结果表明:该系统结构简单、安装组网方便、功耗低、寿命长,适用于大面积的高原、山区农田监测,可为稻田生长研究和虫害防控提供重要数据。     

基于ZigBee和3G技术的设施农业智能测控系统

为满足设施农业对精准控制与实时视频的要求,提出将基于ZigBee与3G技术的无线远程传感网络应用于设施农业中,构建一种高效的设施农业远程精准测控系统.该系统通过ZigBee无线传感网络实现本地环境信息的无线采集并上传到嵌入式服务器端.通过3G网络与Internet无缝连接,实现大范围的无线接入,采用B/S模式,实现远程实时监控环境信息与视频信息.通过内嵌的专家系统模型,实现自动化、智能化控制.试验结果表明,该系统性能稳定,信息无线采集与传输、环境自动调控及远程可视化调控均达到实际需求,同时具有很高的实时性及可扩展性.     

基于远程监控的农业气象自动采集系统设计

针对传统农业气象观测和当前传感器技术系统、方法存在的不足,设计了一套基于远程监控的农业气象自动采集系统,其硬件设备由农田小气候信息采集前端、视频图像信息采集前端、数据采集装置、数据传输装置和供电设备组成。该系统实现了农田小气候和视频图像信息参数采集与传输的高度集成,自动采集降水量、气温、空气湿度、风速、风向、光合有效辐射、土壤温度、土壤湿度和农作物视频图像信息,并通过远程客户端软件实现各要素信息的实时动态显示和远程监控。通过在郑州市、鹤壁市、温江市和荆州市开展的采集试验和系统试运行表明,系统显示出较好的稳定性,农田小气候和视频图像要素数据的采集、传输、动态实时显示与远程监控等各项功能均可满足各级用户需求。     

基于迁移学习和Mask R-CNN的稻飞虱图像分类方法

针对当前稻飞虱图像识别研究中自动化程度较低、识别精度不高的问题,提出了一种基于迁移学习和Mask R-CNN的稻飞虱图像分类方法。首先,根据稻飞虱的生物特性,采用本团队自主研发的野外昆虫图像采集装置,自动获取稻田稻飞虱及其他昆虫图像;采用VIA为数据集制作标签,将数据集分为稻飞虱和非稻飞虱两类,并通过迁移学习在Res Net50框架上训练数据;最后,基于Mask R-CNN分别对稻飞虱、非稻飞虱、存在干扰以及存在黏连和重合的昆虫图像进行分类实验,并与传统图像分类算法(SVM、BP神经网络)和Faster R-CNN算法进行对比。实验结果表明,在相同样本条件下,基于迁移学习和Mask R-CNN的稻飞虱图像分类算法能够快速、有效识别稻飞虱与非稻飞虱,平均识别精度达到0. 923,本研究可为稻飞虱的防治预警提供信息支持。     

大数据背景下的智能化农业设施系统设计

针对目前农业设施管理和环境监测能力不足、农业生产相关数据积累不够、农业生产智能化程度不高等问题,以农业温室大棚为对象,应用物联网技术,设计一个能够实时采集温室大棚的温度、湿度、土壤温湿度、光照等环境信息,并通过WIFI技术接入互联网云端控制平台或移动客户端进行数据通信,实现环境数据的实时采集、显示、存储和共享,并对采集到的数据进行分析与判断、自动调控喷灌电机和加热设备的智能化温室大棚系统。实验表明,系统具有安装简单、界面友好、实用性强、易扩展等特点,Android客户端及微信公众号实现系统的远程移动管理,良好的数据接口有助于大数据采集与分析,能够适应智能农业的大数据应用需求。     

基于RFID的规模化智能养猪系统设计

结合智能测重、PLC养殖环境生态环境控制、智喂精准控制等相关技术设计了基于RFID技术的智能化养猪系统。该系统可实现猪只身份自动采集识别、采食过程信息、猪只生长信息的自动采集存储以及养殖环境参数和管理信息的记录管理、数据的统计分析等功能,对规模化养猪实现了全程智能管控。     

融合组态系统在农业生产环境监测中的应用

针对多变量耦合的农业生产环境,为准确获取农业生产环境信息提供一种有效方法。采用多传感器信息融合技术和组态技术相结合的方法,设计并开发出一种适用于农业环境监测的融合组态系统,融合组态系统对多传感器采集的温度、湿度和光照度等信息进行融合。该系统能克服单传感器带来的不确定性和不稳定性,增强了融合组态系统的鲁棒性。应用结果表明,这种方法提高了农业环境监测的准确度。     

基于双目视觉的农业机器人运动定位与避障研究

针对当前机器人定位避障技术中,感知外界环境信息单一及误差大等问题,提出了一种基于双目视觉的农业机器人运动定位和避障系统,可以通过双目视觉采集农业机器人周边的环境信息,实现农业机器人运动定位和避障。MatLab实验结果表明:农业机器人从起点成功到达终点,算法路径为最优避障路径,证明了系统的准确性和可行性。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。