纵轴流锥型滚筒脱粒装置设计与试验

为了降低功耗,加快脱粒滚筒轴向物料输送速度,提高小区育种小麦种子收获机清机效率,设计了一种纵轴流锥型滚筒脱粒装置,滚筒采用锥型短纹杆-板齿结构。试验结果表明,该纵轴流锥型滚筒脱粒装置在作业时小麦脱粒混合物料轴向输送速度快、功耗低,罩壳内部种子残留量小,无需人工清机,适用于以旋风分离器为气流清选装置的半喂入式小区育种小麦种子收获机。     

育种小区手扶气吸梳脱清选式种子联合收获机的研制

农业育种小区是选育良种、进行品种对比试验的基地。育种小区收获是田间育种试验获得正确试验结果的重要环节。实现田间育种机械化可极大的提高育种工作效率、降低育种作业的劳动强度。根据农业试验小区种子收获的农艺要求,通过理论分析和田间试验,研制出一种手扶气吸梳脱清选式种子联合收获机,它能一次性完成种子的收割、脱粒、清选和装袋等作业环节。田间试验表明：该机结构新颖紧凑,动力消耗低,与传统联合收获机相比具有高脱净、低破损、防混种、勿需人工清机、经济实用等特点。     

小麦小区精密播种机械化装备研究历程及展望

调研了小麦小区精密播种现状和部分地区育种单位的农艺参数,阐述了国内外小麦小区精播机研究历程、现状及存在的问题,结合国内育种试验需求,分析需要解决的关键问题,对小麦小区精密播种机发展趋势进行了展望。      

玉米小区收获机低损摘穗装置的设计与试验

针对玉米小区收获机在育种收获摘穗过程中存在的籽粒损失率高、破碎率高的问题,创新设计了一种“拉-压-摘”组合式的低损摘穗装置。通过对各关键部件的理论分析,确定了装置主要结构的整体参数,压茎轮直径62mm、长度400mm。田间试验结果表明:摘穗装置的籽粒损失率为0.72%,籽粒破碎率为0.33%,有效保证了玉米小区收获机的低损摘穗作业,可为玉米小区收获机低损摘穗技术的研究提供参考。     

育种小区种子联合收获机传动系统的研究

实现田间育种机械化可以极大地提高育种工作效率、降低育种作业的劳动强度。为此,根据农业试验小区种子收获的农艺要求,通过系统的理论分析和田间试验,确定了育种小区种子联合收获机最佳传动方案和适宜的梳脱、复脱、清选系统的传动比以及功率需求和主要技术参数。试验表明:整机结构新颖、功耗低、经济实用、操作方便,总传动效率达0.9。该机可一次性完成摘穗、脱粒、复脱、分离、清选、装袋等作业。     

玉米小麦兼用型联合收获机玉米摘穗装置工作原理

1.兼用型玉米小麦收获机简介兼用型玉米小麦收获机是以小麦联合收获机底盘为基础进行改进设计的适合玉米小麦收获的通用型自走式收获机。     

小麦小区株行播种机犁铧式开沟器设计与试验

通过研究国内外小麦小区育种开沟器现状,结合小麦株行育种农艺需求和小麦株行播种机的特点,针对小麦小区株行育种播种机开沟器开沟深浅不一致、落种不均匀的问题,利用仿生学原理及逆向工程技术对开沟铲尖进行了设计,并参照犁体曲面设计方法对开沟器分土曲板进行设计。为检验株行播种机犁铧式开沟器设计结构的合理性,对小麦株行播种机进行了田间试验,结果表明四行间播深总体合格率为95%,且落种均匀性变异系数无明显差异,验证了株行播种机的实际作业性能,确定了株行播种机整体结构的可靠性。     

小区育种机械发展现状及展望

新品种培育、良种繁育及种子检测和加工等在内的种子产业是21世纪最具发展潜力的领域之一。从作物育种试验区管理的各个环节出发,介绍了目前国内外作物育种试验区机械化的研究现状,通过分析现有育种机械在小麦田间育种各阶段上的应用状况,说明提高小麦田间育种试验机械化的意义和必要性。分析了我国田间育种试验机械发展中存在的问题,指出了小区育种机械发展的方向。      

小麦单粒精密播种机的研制

针对现阶段小麦育种缺乏相应机械,人工点播劳动强度大、效率低、难于满足育种农艺要求等问题,研制了一种基于FPGA控制技术的小麦单粒精密播种机。该机在旋耕平整后的土地上作业,可一次性完成种床平整、单粒播种及覆土镇压作业;利用电机驱动代替地轮驱动,根据作业速度自动调节电机转速,实现等距播种。试验结果表明:整机结构简单、体积小、造价低,能够完成宽苗带单粒播种作业,效率高且适应小麦小区作业的农艺要求,为小区及大田单粒播种提供了理论与实践依据。     

应势而出 福田雷沃六款新品发布

近日,福田雷沃重工成功发布6款农业装备新产品,再次引起行业瞩目。雷沃欧豹TB704、TQ1904拖拉机、雷沃谷神G438小麦收获机、雷沃谷神新麦客2010小麦收获机、雷沃谷神DG200水稻机及雷沃谷神YC4B玉米收割机,涵盖了大中拖、小麦收获机、玉米收获机、水稻收获机四大类。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。