响应面优化超声波提取猴头菇多糖工艺的研究

以猴头菇子实体为原料,通过单因素试验,确定液料比、超声温度、超声时间3个因素对猴头菇多糖得率的影响,并进行响应面优化,确定了猴头菇多糖提取工艺的最佳条件为:液料比21:1,超声温度40℃,超声时间20min。在此条件下提取猴头菇多糖,可充分利用其原料,大大提高多糖得率,最终猴头菇多糖得率达4.852%。     

黑木耳多糖提取的工艺研究

通过单因素试验研究了超声时间、超声温度、超声功率、水浴温度、水浴时间、料液比对黑木耳多糖提取率的影响,结果表明超声时间、超声温度、水浴温度、料液比对黑木耳多糖提取效果的影响相对明显,超声功率和水浴时间对黑木耳多糖提取效果的影响相对不明显。在正交试验结果上,通过极差分析、方差分析得到该试验最佳提取工艺组合。结果表明,超声波提取黑木耳多糖的最优工艺参数为水浴温度75℃,超声时间15 min,超声温度65℃,料液比1∶40;在此条件下,黑木耳多糖最佳提取率为10.622%。     

超声波提取苦荞籽中多糖的工艺研究

采用超声波法从苦荞籽中提取多糖,苯酚—硫酸法测定其含量。通过单因素试验和正交试验分别考察了提取温度、时间、液料比、超声功率对苦荞多糖得率的影响。结果表明,葡萄糖含量在0.010 0~0.060 0 mg与吸光度线性关系良好,影响苦荞多糖得率因素的顺序为:液料比>提取时间>超声功率>提取温度。方差分析表明,液料比对多糖提取影响显著,时间影响较显著。最终确定超声波法提取苦荞籽中多糖的最佳工艺条件为:液料比40∶1,提取时间30 min,超声功率400 W,提取温度50℃,苦荞多糖得率为7.23%。     

超声辅助黑加仑多糖提取研究

研究了采用超声波辅助提取技术对黑加仑多糖进行提取,并对工艺条件进行优化。结果表明,超声波辅助提取黑加仑多糖的最佳工艺参数为:超声波功率140 W,超声波处理时间为30 min,恒温水浴浸提时间为1.5 h,料液比为0.5,黑加仑粗多糖得率1.8g/100 mL。通过正交试验进一步优化提取工艺条件,确定影响提取率的主次因素分别为料液比、超声波功率、超声波时间、水浴浸提时间。     

响应面试验优化超声波辅助提取长红枣多糖及其抗氧化活性

以鲁南地区长红枣为原料,长红枣多糖得率为考查指标,在单因素试验的基础上,通过三因素三水平的响应面优化试验,得出长红枣多糖最佳的提取工艺条件为料液比1∶16(g∶m L),超声温度50℃,超声时间30 min;在此条件下,长红枣多糖得率达15.12%。采用·O2-,·OH和NO2-的清除试验,研究了长红枣多糖的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,当长红枣多糖质量浓度为2 mg/m L时,对·OH和·O2-清除率分别达到53%和56%;在pH值2~3的酸性条件下,对NO2-清除率达40%以上。     

黄秋葵多糖超声波辅助提取工艺优化及其对·OH体外抗氧化活性研究

以黄秋葵干果荚为原料,选用超声辅助手段对提取其多糖工艺进行优化。采用单因素试验探讨了超声温度、超声时间、液料比和超声功率对黄秋葵干果荚多糖提取得率的影响,在此基础上进行正交试验以确定最佳工艺条件。研究结果表明,提取黄秋葵干果荚多糖的最佳工艺条件为超声温度60℃,超声时间25 min,液料比40:1(mL:g),超声功率90 W,在此条件下提取的黄秋葵干果荚多糖平均得率为3.53%(m/m);制得的RPS对·OH的清除率随着其质量浓度的增加而增大,IC_(50)值为2.41±0.07 mg/mL,表现出较好的体外抗氧化活性。     

红枣中红枣粗多糖的提取及含量的测定

以红枣为原料,在传统水提-醇沉法提取红枣多糖的工艺上,在水提过程中加入木瓜蛋白酶,研究木瓜蛋白酶及其水解条件对多糖提取率的影响,确定最优的提取工艺条件。利用红枣多糖的提取率为指标,以料液比、加酶量、提取温度、提取时间为因素,采用正交试验进行试验设计。用苯酚-硫酸法测总糖,3,5-二硝基水杨酸法测还原糖,二者相减得多糖的含量。结果表明,红枣粗多糖的最佳提取条件为料液比1∶7,加酶量4 mg/mL,提取温度60℃,提取时间3 h,可作为提取红枣多糖优化工艺的依据。     

梅花鹿茸多糖提取工艺条件优化

为了优化对梅花鹿茸中多糖的提取条件,获得更高的得率,将传统的超声波提取法、热水浸提法以及碱提法相结合,采用Box-Behnken设计,对影响鹿茸多糖提取效果的液料比、超声提取时间、热水浸提时间以及碱提时间4个因素进行优化。结果表明,鹿茸多糖最佳提取工艺条件为液料比42∶1,超声辅助提取时间21 min,热水浸提时间2 h,碱提取时间2.3 h,在此条件下鹿茸多糖得率为1.053 9%。     

热水提取沙棘多糖工艺研究

研究探讨热水法提取沙棘多糖的工艺及优化。采用单因素试验和正交试验设计研究了提取温度、料液比、时间3个因素对沙棘多糖得率的影响,得到最佳的提取条件为料液比1∶25(g∶m L),温度80℃,时间40 min,在此条件下得到的沙棘多糖粗提液的取得率达到102.36 mg/g。     

超声波提取银耳蒂头粗多糖工艺的优化研究

以银耳蒂头为原料,优化超声波技术提取银耳蒂头中多糖的工艺,研究超声提取温度、超声功率、超声连续提取时间、料液比对银耳蒂头粗多糖提取率的影响。通过单因素试验及正交试验确定了银耳蒂头粗多糖的优化提取工艺。超声波优化提取工艺条件为料液比1∶90,超声功率50 W,提取时间100 min,粗多糖的提取率为36.38%。     

冷冻干燥速溶蛋花汤的加工技术

介绍了运用冷冻干燥技术进行速溶蛋花汤的加工,研究了生产工艺、特点以及影响产品质量的主要因素。试验表明,采用冷冻干燥技术加工的速溶蛋花汤,具有营养丰富、风味独特、方便快捷等特点。     

Measuring of Quantity of Matter-mass and the Measuring of Inertia of Matter-momentclm

A new definition of inertia,i.e. the momentum is the measuring of inertia of matter, is proposed. The article through and etc., subjects, the correctness of the new notion of inertia:The monentum is the measuring of inertia has been demonstrated, and the unsolved contradictions of the traditional definition of inetia. And the mass is the measuring of inertia has been revealed.     

香蕉遗传转化方法研究进展

香蕉是热带亚热带发展中国家重要的粮食作物和碳水化合物来源。但近年来,香蕉生产受到严重的病虫危害。大多数香蕉栽培品种是三倍体,生长周期长,而且不孕。由于没有种子,给繁殖和育种带来一定的困难。遗传转化技术的发展为香蕉品种的改良提供了一种有效的手段。香蕉的遗传转化方法有电激法、基因枪法、农杆菌介导法等。农杆菌介导法的应用是香蕉品种改良的一个重大突破。香蕉遗传转化的外植体也发展到多种,有原生质体,胚性细胞悬浮系,分生组织,以及横切薄片等。近几年,随着分子生物学的发展,出现了转化效率更高,重复性更好的香蕉遗传转化技术。如农杆菌和基因枪结合法,离心辅助农杆菌介导法、真空渗透技术等。这些新技术新方法的出现,必将推动香蕉产业高速发展。     

壳聚糖对石榴果汁澄清效果的影响

利用壳聚糖的絮凝作用对壳聚糖在甜石榴汁澄清中的应用效果进行了研究,试验结果表明,壳聚糖用量为0.3g/L、澄清时间为60min、温度为35℃时,甜石榴汁透光率可达85%以上,且通过对壳聚糖处理前后可溶性固形物、总酸、VC等营养成分含量的比较,确定以上工艺参数为甜石榴汁澄清的最佳选择。     

新疆布尔津县土地利用格局特征研究

基于RS与GIS技术,利用景观生态学理论及景观格局指数对布尔津县土地利用现状进行定量分析。结果显示为：（1）布尔津县以草地、林地为主要景观类型,镶嵌着耕地、水域等景观类型。（2）四个分区（即高山区、丘陵区、平原区、荒漠区）的林地资源组成差异明显,耕地、居民、交通及工矿用地集中分布在丘陵区和平原区（3）从各项指数来看,高山区的多样性指数较低;平原区是受人文因素最多的区域,景观优势度低,各种土地利用类型比例差异不大,有利于生态可持续发展,但要合理的开发利用;荒漠区生态环境相对脆弱,要加强生态环境的保护与改善。通过该研究对布尔津县的土地利用现状作一个了解,为该县乃至整个地区的景观规划和可持续发展战略提供科学依据。     

酸枣幼根原生质体的制备

以生长6～9 d的酸枣种子幼根为试验材料,0.7 mol·L-1甘露醇作为渗透压稳定剂、pH值5.5～6.0、28℃恒温水浴条件下,以光学显微镜观察的水解总时间、初始产生原生质体的时间、原生质体产量及细胞碎片量为指标,研究通过酶水解来制备酸枣幼根原生质体的方法.结果表明,在含1％果胶酶+4％纤维素酶R-10+3％纤维素...     

影响核桃贮藏品质因素的分析

介绍了几种核桃贮藏方法,综述了影响核桃贮藏品质的几个主要因素,以及针对上述影响因素提出若干解决对策.     

The Simulation of Comfort of Nine DOF of Automobile

Automobile comfort dynamic simulation is necessary when we predict and evaluate the comfort of a automobile or optimize performance of automobile. The nine DOF vibration model of automobile is established , which acts root mean square value of body in multiple work conditions as comfort evaluation indices. Based on the comfort simulation, the Hongyan 1160 is predicted in the way of comfort. The programmes can be used in many different automobiles . The computational result indicates that the model can simulate vibration of automobile truly. It is significant to research automobile comfort evaluation to optimize performance of automobile and comfort simulation .The computational program can be applied to optimize or simulate which has some reference value.     

Efficiency of water use of early plantings of sunflower

Rain fed crop production in Mediterranean environments depends to a large extent on strategies that avoid the intense summer drought. Early plantings of sunflower have given consistently higher yields in such environments, but the basis for such yield increases has not been explored. We conducted two field experiments at Cordoba (Spain) to investigate the effects of an early and a late planting date on the components of water-limited crop productivity; namely, water use (T), water use efficiency (TE) and harvest index (HI) of sunflower. The results were generalized by simulating rain fed sunflower yields, under early (1 January) and late (15 March) plantings, for a 25-year period with the aid of a simulation model of the Ceres type (OILCROP-SUN) which has been validated in Cordoba. Experimental seed yields of early plantings in 1989 and 1996 were 2.0 and 3.0 t ha⁻¹, while late plantings yields were 1.3 and 2.4 t ha⁻¹, for the 2 years. Average simulated yields were 2.7 ± 1.1 and 1.9 ± 0.7 t ha⁻¹ for early and late plantings, respectively. For the 2 years, T of early plantings was higher than that of late plantings, but the response of TE and HI to planting date was not the same in the two experiments. In the simulation exercise, T and TE of early plantings were consistently higher than those of late plantings, while there were no differences in the HI for the two planting dates. We conclude that early plantings of sunflower increase rain fed yields by increasing both T and TE, while the impact of planting date on HI very much depends on the crop water stress pattern, which is quite variable from year to year even in the predictable Mediterranean environment.     

Establishment of High-frequency Regeneration System of Explants of Alfalfa

The cotyledon and hypocotyl of eight varieties of alfalfa( Medicago sativa L. )are used to study the effect of different cultivation procedures and genotypes on embryogenic callus and embryoid induction,plant development and transplant of alfalfa.The varieties of alfalfa with high embryoid induction rate and high differentiation rate are screened. A high frequency regeneration system for alfalfa tissue culture is established:which is benifical to the gene transformation of alfalfa.