4个苹果属野生种果实香气成分HS-GC-MS分析

利用顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱－质谱联用技术分析了八棱海棠(Malus robusta (Carr.) Rehd)、东北黄海棠(M. prunifolia)、武山变叶海棠(M. toringoides)及西府海棠(M. micromalus)果实香气成分,为苹果属野生资源的评价与利用提供基本资料。结果表明：4个苹果属野生种与对照苹果品种‘红星’、‘富士’相对含量最高的化合物均是(E)-2-己烯醛,共有的相对含量较高化合物有己醛、(E,E)-2,4-己二烯醛和乙醇;4个苹果属野生种共有的化合物有乙醇、己醇、(Z)-3-己烯-1-醇、己醛、(Z)-3-己烯醛、(E)-2-己烯醛、(E,E)-2,4-己二烯醛和4-苯甲酸-2H-吡喃-3-酮,但4者主要香气成分及其相对含量仍存在一定差异。尽管野生种与两个对照品种相对含量最高的化合物类别均是醛类,但它们之间香气成分类别及其相对含量仍存在差异。(E)-2-己烯醛可能是苹果属植物果实香气的典型成分,对其特有风味的形成可能具有重要作用。     

Method of High Accuracy Phase Measurement Based on the MCS-51 Single-chip Computer

Phase is a kind of important wave parameter of periodical signal. Making use of the combination of MCS-51 single-chip computer and external circuit and using its fiat resource fully, this paper has realized the high accuracy measure of phase difference by using the precision measurement technique such as over zero appraisal phase method, fill count by the pulse of high frequency and multiperiods etc. It also introducs systematic principle and the realization method of hardware and software emphatically.     

Phase behavior of biodiesel/diesel-ethanol-water micro-emulsion system

The phase behavior of the biodiesel/diesel-ethanol-water micro-emulsion system is investigated with chemical titration, and the effect of the biodiesel to diesel ratio on the phase behavior is analyzed.The results indicate that there exists an isotropic single-phase region in which the system formulates stable isotropic micro-emulsions consisting of biodiesel, diesel, ethanol and water without involving any surfactants, which reveals that biodiesel can be used successfully as a surface-active agent, and that the single-phase area depends on the concentrations of different components.At higher ethanol concentrations and higher ratios of biodiesel to diesel, the width of single-phase area is increased and the maximum limit of water dissolved in the mixture of biodiesel-diesel-ethanol which form a stable single-phase micro-emulsion is increased with higher biodiesel concentrations in the case of a constant ethanol quantity.Finally, the maximum limit of dissolved water in the mixture of different components is obtained.     

Digital Filtering with Zero Phase Error

Aiming at the problem of phase error caused by normal filters in signal processing , summarizes the important meaning of digital filtering with zero phase error. Puts forward RRF Filtering which is a new way to realize digital filtering with zero phase error through reversing the time serials of the signal. Another way to realize digital filtering with zero phase error is suggested through reversing the time serials of normal filter. Testifies the way to realize digital filtering with zero phase error. Points out how to design the digital filter with zero phase frequency peculiarity. Solves the problem of phase error in DSP.     

An Analysis to the Operating Mode of the Single Phase Capacitor-run Induction Machine

The operating mode of the single-phase capacitor-run induction machine is analyzed with the theory of double rotating field. Since there are two stable generators and two stable motor operating speed regions,with the balanced operation condition the better speed region can be decided for the generator,i. e. reverse direction of the rotor.     

Axial Force in Restrained RC Columns during Heating and Cooling Phases

Using the computer program of SAFIR, the influences of some parameters (i.e., axial/rotational restraint ratio, sectional dimension, load ratio, load eccentricity ratio, reinforcement ratio, and heating time, etc.) were analyzed on axial forces in restrained concrete columns exposed to ISO834 standard fire with cooling phase, compared with those in the standard fire without cooling phase.Based on the simulation results of 2880 cases, a practical calculation method for axial force in column was proposed.It was shown that: (a) for axially and rotationally restrained columns in fire with or without cooling phase, the enhancement coefficient of axial force increased gradually first, and then reduced gently or kept constant, and finally decreased quickly.However, in the late stage, the enhancement coefficient corresponding to fire without cooling phase dropped more significant than that with cooling phase; and (b) the influences of the rotational restraint ratio, column length and thickness of concrete cover on the enhancement coefficient of axial force in axially and rotationally restrained columns were limited subjected to fire with cooling phase, while the peak value of the enhancement coefficient increased with the increase of the axial restraint ratio, load eccentricity ratio and reinforcement ratio or with the decrease of the load ratio and sectional dimension.     

甲基溴淘汰和替代研究概况与展望

扼要地述评了国内外淘汰甲基溴的进程及其替代熏蒸剂和方法的研究概况。作者强调，形势对储粮害虫综合治理的要求越来越高。被全球广泛应用的唯一熏蒸剂磷化氢，因甲基溴即将被淘汰而面临更大的压力。它迫切需要不断改善应用方法，以便延缓害虫抗药性的增长和传播，满足人类对环保和健康安全的要求。作者也认为，单一熏蒸剂多种用途的时代将逐步转变为专用或只限于在某一领域使用的熏蒸剂的时代。目前，在粮食储藏、粮食检疫处理和粮食加工领域，急需开发更多的熏蒸剂和其它防治害虫的新方法，特别是物理的方法。作者根据国内外已经取得的成果，提出应对硫酰氟、甲酸乙酯、环氧丙烷和氧硫化碳等的应用可能性进行探讨，并认为其中硫酰氟在我国粮食部门是最有希望的溴甲烷替代熏蒸剂。对于古老熏蒸剂如氰氢酸和二硫化碳等，也应进行重新评价，以便在特定的情况下发挥其替代作用。     

THE APPLICATION OF ELECTRO-OPTIC EFFECT TO HOLOGRAPHY

This paper uses LN-Class LiNbO3 crystal to make a laser beamsplitter and a phase modulator, In the Paper devices and results have been given, and deviation factor between experiment and theory have been analyzed. This device is over a wide range of adjusting. Its reapeatability is good, and the devive is simple andconvenient.     

THE EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON REAL-TIME HOLOGRAPHIC THREE WAVEFRONT INTERFEROMETER

Real-time holographic three wavefront interferometer combineing wavefront interference with holography has been proposed in this paper. The apparatus can be used for a number of pratical applications including the measurement of flatness for an optical flat. Thickness for transmissive or refective films. It has peculiar character comparing with other interferometers.     

苹果实生树阶段转变过程中内源多酚含量的动态变化

用高效液相色谱法对三年生苹果（‘红玉×金冠’）自然实生树不同节位叶片、芽、韧皮部中的内源多酚含量的动态变化进行了测定。80节以下苹果实生树芽中检测不到根皮苷或不存在根皮苷,80节以上含量急剧增加,80节以上韧皮部和叶片中检测不到咖啡酸或含量极低。120节前后实生树韧皮部和芽中杨梅苷含量极低或检测不到,芽中的绿原酸含量发生明显变化。认为80节和120节是苹果实生树阶段转变的两个重要临界点。     

小麦种子活力最高水平出现期的探讨

试验统计资料揭示：所有品种生理成熟（最大种子干重）出现在开花后40天；干种子最高发芽势出现在花后36天，早于生理成熟期，发芽势与其他活力组分间呈极显著正相关。各品种种子活力测试均在生理成熟前或成熟时达最高活力水平：鲜种子最高萌发率出现在花后28天左右；干种子老化处理最高种子活力集中在花后36天，分布范围28～40天，种苗生长率、田间出苗率及苗子重与此类似，电导率低值期集中在花后36天，正常苗率最大值在花后32天，早于老化最大活力出现期。本试验结论：种子萌发与活力最高水平出现在生理成熟期稍前，与生育期记我标准中的蜡熟期一致。     

A Mathematical Model of Solar Energy Storage Ventilation System

A mathematical model of solar energy storage ventilation system was built in order to calculate the heat storage during daytime and the ventilation rate during nighttime. Based on meteorological parameters of Kunming in China, phase change materials(PCM) were used at the temperature of 38 ℃, 44 ℃, 50 ℃ and 63 ℃ respectively to search the relationship between ventilation volume and the angle of chimney. The modeling calculation results show that for different phase change materials, and in any angle, the trend of heat accumulation is consistent, namely heat accumulation is smaller with a higher phase change temperature. Considering both the average hourly ventilation volume and the duration, the best angle of this system should be 45°, and the best phase change material should be 38 ℃ myristoyl.     

The transition time from the juvenile phase to the adult phase differs in soybean cultivars ‘Enrei’ and ‘Peking’

Plants develop juvenile phase to adult phase in vegetative stage. Although soybean is a very important crop worldwide, there has been only one study of the juvenile–adult phase change. In this study, we determined that the juvenile–adult phase change occurred at different stages in two soybean cultivars that differ in their photosensitivity. Cultivar ‘Enrei’ (E1e2e3E4) is weakly photosensitive and cultivar ‘Peking’ (E1E2E3E4) is strongly photosensitive. In ‘Enrei’, the leaf size gradually increased at a constant leaf position regardless of the difference in day length. In ‘Peking’ plants transferred to short‐day conditions at several leaf development stages, leaf size gradually increased at different leaf positions. Expression of miR156 by ‘Enrei’ transferred to short‐day conditions had nearly the same pattern as that of ‘Enrei’ grown under long‐day conditions. In ‘Peking’, the expression of miR156 had different patterns in younger leaves of plants subjected to either a short‐day treatment or long‐day conditions. These results indicate that the E2 and E3 loci that regulate photosensitivity also regulate the expression of miR156 and the juvenile–adult phase change in soybean.     

Phase Behavior of W/O Microemulsion

The phase behavior of W/O microemulsion employed blend NPE4.2 and NPE10 as surfactants was studied. The influence of blend surfactant proportion, surfactant dose co-surfactant dose, various cations and temperature on W/O microemulsion phase behavior was examined by way of electric conductivity with the maximum dissolve water (solution) being the target. Experiments indicated that as the NPE 4.2 :NPE 10 is about 1.2:1 and (S+A):O is about 3:7, the maximum dissolve water was acquired. When the water was substituted by other cations solution or the temperature was increased, the effect to the microemulsion was resemble to the water. But the domain of W/O microemulsion is decreased.     

本溪冬半年降水相态的识别判据研究

利用本溪1981—2013年10月—次年4月降水资料,统计分析了近33年本溪冬半年不同降水相态的气候特征,得出本溪雨雪转换多发季节主要为3月和11月。利用2005—2013年10月—次年4月的探空资料和自动站数据,对近9年本溪冬半年不同相态降水过程的大气层结特征进行统计研究。结果表明：本溪冬半年出现雪时各层温度及地面温度均低于0℃;出现雨时0℃层高度在850~700 hPa之间;雨雪转换时0℃层高度在925 hPa附近,各层温度范围分别为：700 hPa的温度范围[-11℃,-7℃]、850 hPa的温度范围[-6.5℃,-1.5℃]、9250 hPa的温度范围[-3℃,1℃]、1000 hPa的温度范围[0℃,3℃],地面温度小于1000 hPa温度。本工作的结果除适用于本溪地区的相关预报业务以外,还可以对辽宁东部山区及吉林部分地区的降水相态预报提供较好的参考。     

水产品中氯霉素残留量的检测报告

采用乙酸乙酯提取试样中的氯霉素,然后将乙酸乙酯蒸发至干,用正己烷净化,再用乙酸乙酯提取氯霉素并进无水硫酸钠脱水,经C-18小柱净化。硅烷化后用微池电子捕获器的气相色谱仪进行测定,外标法定量。结果表明,高效液相色谱法检测氯霉素是一种灵敏度较高,可靠性较强的方法,此法重复性好,假阳性少,可以进行定量鉴定。     

Direct Factor Analysis With Discrete X-Ray Diffraction Patterns

In this paper,we put forward a method of direct factor analysis with discrete X-ray diffraction patterns, which was supported by the experimental measurement with the mixture containing 2,3,4,5 phases respectively. The detailed discussion was also given to its principles,errors and criterion.